Traumatic Brain Injury
A Traumatic brain injury (TBI) is not caused by a congenital or degenerative nature, it is caused by a physical external force to the head that produces an altered state of consciousness that results in the impairment of cognitive and physical functioning. Depending on the extent of the injury, the impairments may be temporary or permanent. The major cause of TBI result from blunt force trauma to the head during a motorcycle, motor vehicle, or biking accident. Some cases of traumatic brain injuries have also been seen from sport injuries, gunshot wounds, falls, and/or assaults. The Centers for Disease Control (CDC) reports approximately 5.25 million American’s (children and adults) are living with a permanent disability resulting from a brain injury (Zaloshnja, Miller, Langlois, & Selassie, 2008).
Studies show that young children and elderly people are prone to fall related brain injuries, making them very vulnerable. Another type of brain injury that is not congenital, hereditary, or degenerative is an Acquired brain injury (ABI). A change in the neuronal activity from a stroke, heart attack, brain tumor, anoxia, near suffocation, aneurysm, and drug overdose commonly causes ABI. The impairments from ABI can be mild, moderate, or severe. In addition, one or more of the following functional abilities can be affected: memory, speech, attention/concentration, cognition, reasoning, information processing, behavior, and physical functioning (Edmonston, n.d.).
Functional Disabilities
The consequences of brain injury will not affect any two people in the same manner, it depends on the person’s age, severity of the injury, and the length of time in coma. Physical changes that can possibly occur following a...
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Brain Injury Association of Florida. (n.d.). Traumatic Brain Injury: A Disability Often in Disguise. Retrieved from http://www.byyourside.org/
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(2009). Acute clinical care and care coordination for traumatic brain injury within Department of Defense. J Rehabil Res Dev, 46(6), 655-666.
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United States. The Journal of head trauma rehabilitation, 23(6), 394-400.
Thompson, P. M., Vidal, C., Giedd, J. N., Gochman, P., Blumenthal, J., Nicolson, R., Toga, A. W., &
Sclauser Pessoa, I. B., Costa, D., Velloso, M., Mancuzo, E., Reis, M. S., & Parreira, V.F.
Traumatic brain injuries (TBI) account to a third (30.5%) of all injury-related deaths in the U.S. with an estimated 1.7 million individuals sustaining TBI each year (Center for Disease Control and Prevention, 2010). Classifications of brain injury (e.g., mild, moderate and severe) is mostly done using the Glasgow coma scale (GCS) which has gained broad acceptance for the assessment of the severity of brain damage (Bauer & Fritz, 2004). Recent studies suggest that almost all patients with moderate or severe TBI have a period of recovery during which they are responsive but confused. This state is commonly referred to as the post-traumatic amnesia. Post-traumatic amnesia (PTA) is defined as “a failure of continuous memory” (Artiola et al., 1980; p.377). PTA is often cited as the best method for codifying the degree, level of recovery and outcome after a closed head injury (e.g., Artieola et al., 1980; Tate, Pfaff, & Jurjevic, 2000). PTA duration is a better indicator of outcome than early injury scales such as the GCS score (Richardson et al., 2009).This analysis will examine the limitations of the general PTA assessment scale, and investigate the benefits and limitations of both retrospective and prospective methods used to measure the duration of PTA.
Forsyth, K., Taylor, R., Kramer, J., Prior, S., Richie, L., Whitehead, J., Owen, C., & Melton, M.
Cox-Foster, D. L., Conlan, S., Holmes, E. C., Palacios, G., Evans, J. D., Moran, N. A.,…
Concussions are very common. In the United States alone 1.4 million people suffer from concussions annually (Schafer). Researchers studied fifty brains of people who have suffered from concussions t...
Chronic Traumatic Encephalopathy, previously referred to as dementia pugilistica, can be understood as a tauopathic, neurodegenerative and neuropsychiatric disease. While there is no neurobiological or neuropathological explanation as to why CTE occurs, the majority of researchers believe the disease is strongly related to previous head injuries. An individual suffering from CTE will most likely experience changes in their mood, behavior and cognition. Because this is a relatively new area of research, there are still a vast amount of unknowns pertaining to the disease’s symptoms, pathology, and natural course.
A serious brain injury could lead to bleeding in or around your brain, causing symptoms that may develop right away or later.
la Haye, K., Green, H. D., Kennedy, D. P., Zhou, A., Golinelli, D., Wenzel, S. L., & Tucker, J. S.
Traumatic brain injury or TBI occurs when a child has a head injury that causes damage to the brain. These injuries can be caused from being hit in the head or violently shaken. The results of TBI can change how a person’s brain develops, how they act, move, and think. It can also affect how they learn in school (NICHCY, 2012). TBI can affect the way a child thinks, retains information, attention span, behavior, speech, physical activities (which includes walking), and the way a child learns.
If I could have everyone's attention. Good-morning ladies and gentlemen. For those of you who don't know me my name is Jasmine Davenport. Today I’d like to discuss traumatic brain injury also referred to as TBI. I chose this topic because traumatic brain injury is a serious and complex injury with a broad spectrum of symptoms and disabilities. Traumatic brain injury effects people of all ages and is a major cause of death and disability worldwide. A traumatic brain injury can be caused by a blow or jolt to the head that disrupts normal functions of the brain Also, traumatic brain injury can cause physical, cognitive, social, emotional, and behavioral affects.
Stuart, G. L., Moore, T. M., Elkins, S. R., O’Farrell, T. J., Temple, J. R., Ramsey, S. E.,
Mayo Clinic (2008). Understanding brain injury: A guide for the family. Retrieved August 20, 2011 from http://mayoresearch.mayo.edu/mayo/research/tbims/upload/ubi_families.pdf
Pichert, J. W., Moore, I. N., Catron, T. F., Ross, J. C., Westlake, M. W., Karrass, J.,
...ance. TBI can also have adverse effects on cognitive task such as speaking, memory and processing information. A person with this type of injury may find it difficult or impossible to communicate the want for ice cream. Lastly psychological injuries can drastically change or affect a person’s personality. The Nervous System plays a crucial role in our everyday life and we often take for granted all of its task and funtions.