Traumatic Brain Injury
explanatory Essay
1397 words
Traumatic Brain Injury Your kitten is on the kitchen counter. She is about to step onto a hot stove. You have only seconds to act. Accessing the signals coming from your eyes, your brain quickly calculates when, where, and at what speed you will need to dive to intercept her. Then it orders your muscles to do so. Your timing is perfect and she's safe. No computer can come close to your brain's awesome ability to download, process, and react to the flood of information coming from your eyes, ears, and other sensory organs (“Your Amazing Brain”). The human brain is the most vital organ in a human body and allows you to do everything that you do. Damaging of the brain can cause permanent effects to you including paralyzation of the human body. It is critical that we try and protect the human brain as much as possible. Brain injuries leave everlasting effects on humans; people need to be aware of what treatments are used on brain injuries, how they occur, and the importance of the brain. Head injuries are a rapidly growing issue within the United States today. Almost every sport player faces the fact that they may end up with a head injury at any given point in a game or even practice. These injuries will mainly consist of either minor, moderate, or severe concussions which overtime can leave a harmful and everlasting effect on that person. There are multiple different types of scans and tests used on head/brain injuries to help determine the type of injury and the extent of the injury whether it be mild or extremely critical. Given the extremity of the results produced by the tests, the doctors will provide you with the processes you will need to fully recover from the injury you sustained. However, some brain injuries can leave o... ... middle of paper ... ...o overcome which will make them uneasy in their life and will frustrate them because they don’t remember a lot of what they knew previously. Work Cited Hagen, Chris, Malkmus, Danese, and Durham, Patricia. “Treatment.” Brain Injury Association of America. National Brain Injury Information Center, n.d. Web. 31 October 2013. “How Many People Have TBI?” Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. USA.gov, March 27, 2013. Web. 10 November 2013. “Mild Brain Injury and Concussion.” Brain Injury Association of America. ReMed, n.d. Web. 10 November 2013. “MRI Scans.” MedlinePlus. National Institutes of Health, October 25, 2013. Web. 31 October 2013. “Prevention.” Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. USA.gov, March 27, 2013. Web. 10 November 2013. “Traumatic Brain Injury (TBI).” American Speech-Language Hearing Association. Pearson, n.d. Web. 10 November 2013.
In this essay, the author
- Describes the different types of tests and scans used to determine the severity of a brain injury.
- Explains that patients of traumatic brain injuries (tbi) will go through a process of treatments that will usually start out at an initial treatment and then move on to rehabilitative stage.
- Opines that tbi's are a major issue in america and needs to be acknowledged by everyone to help prevent them.
- Explains that minor brain injuries are the most common in america and are easier to come about. the brain injury association provides information on what happens during a mild brain injury.
- Explains that there are two major types of traumatic brain injuries: penetrating injuries and closed head injuries.
- Explains that speech and communication problems are the hardest for patients to overcome. they may have difficulty with spelling, writing, and reading.
- Explains the centers for disease control and prevention's "prevention". usa.gov, march 27, 2013.
- Explains that the human brain is the most vital organ in a human body and allows you to do everything that you do.
- Explains that hagen, chris, malkmus, danese, and durham, patricia. "treatment." brain injury association of america.
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- Traumatic Brain Injuryexplanatory essayInjury Stats Roughly 1.4 million people sustain a traumatic brain injury every year in the United States.1 Of these 1.4 million, 235,000 injuries are severe enough to require hospitalization—and 50,000 result in death. More than half (over 700,000) of all of these yearly brain injuries are from sports-related activities, falls, and physical assaults. In the year 2000, traumatic brain injury cost an estimated $60 billion in the United States, totaled in both direct medical fees and indirect costs such as lost productivity. Functions
In this essay, the author
- Explains that 1.4 million people sustain a traumatic brain injury every year in the united states. 235,000 injuries are severe enough to require hospitalization—and 50,000 result in death.
- Explains that even without physical damage to brain tissue, a concussion can cause immediate unconsciousness, secondary injury, and even death.
- Explains that cerebral contusions involve loss of consciousness, physical damage to the brain tissue, and a risk of lethal secondary injury. surgery may be required to repair damaged tissues.
- Explains that diffuse axonal injury involves widespread, significant physical damage to your brain tissue and immediate unconsciousness. all brain traumas can easily be fatal, due to secondary injuries.
- Explains that with concussions, contusions and diffuse axonal injuries complete recovery can occur within 4 weeks. secondary or residual problems (excess pressure inside the skull, bleeding from damaged vessels) may occur over days, months, or even years depending on the extent of tissue damage
- Explains that the brain is your body's central processor, responsible for the critical functions that keep you alive, such as controlling your heart rate, breathing, and immune system.
- Explains that there are 3 common types of brain injuries, defined by the amount of visible damage to the brain. in addition to actual brain injury, life-threatening results such as bleeding or swelling within the skull are also common.
- Explains that bleeding inside the skull is likely with any head injury and often results in increased pressure on the brain, which can rapidly lead to permanent brain damage or death without immediate medical attention.
- Explains that traumatic brain injury forces at least 5.3 million americans to need long-term or lifelong help when performing daily living activities.
- Explains that traumatized brain injuries occur when the head strikes a stationary object or blunt object, and stress is created in the brain tissue and nearby blood vessels.
1040 wordsRead More - Traumatic Brain Injuriesexplanatory essayThe Silent Epidemic It only takes a split second for a jolt to the skull to cause extensive damage and serious impairment of the voluminous and vital neurological functions. Who would be your power of attorney? How would you pay for the medical bills? Questions the majority of people never even think of- you never think it could be you.
In this essay, the author
- Explains that a jolt to the skull causes extensive damage and serious impairment of the voluminous and vital neurological functions.
- Explains the leading causes of traumatic brain injuries are falls, motor vehicle accidents, struck by or against objects, and assaults.
- Explains that traumatic brain injuries can be mild to severe. most concussions are sports related and may or may not result in loss of consciousness for a short period.
- Explains that mild injury management requires a lot of rest and over-the-counter pain medicine, while severe injuries require surgery. hospitals need to institute telemedicine to give patients and community physicians instant access to neurologists.
- Opines that more tbi programs need to be implemented and designed to alter this adverse course. it's our responsibility to raise awareness to a crisis demanding our help.
778 wordsRead More - Chronic Traumatic Encephalopathy Research Papersexplanatory essayHead injuries are a major concern in the health care field as the United States has over 1.6 million cases per year. Contact sports such as boxing, football, wrestling, and soccer, as well as military personnel are highly vulnerable to sustain these types of injuries due repetitive contact or blasts in warfare. Although most of these injuries are rather mild and short lived, sustaining mild traumatic brain injuries (mTBI) repeatedly increases one’s chance for long term damage. These long term consequences range on a spectrum from mild to severe. The most severe long term effect being chronic traumatic encephalopathy. Chronic traumatic encephalopathy (CTE) is a neurodegenerative disorder that has affects on behavioral, cognitive, and/or motor
In this essay, the author
- Explains that head injuries are a major concern in the health care field as the united states has over 1.6 million cases per year.
- Explains that cte has made a recent comeback in the 21st century after omalu and colleagues discovered this condition.
- Explains that when doctors suspect a patient may have cte based on clinical presentation and history, further testing is performed after these patients pass away to confirm the diagnosis.
- Describes how a group of researchers used 280 mice to better understand the neurological sequelae that stems from mtbi.
- Describes how anxiety behaviors were measured by placing mice on a strategic platform that was suspended in the air. depression behavior was measured when mice were hung upside down from their tails.
- Explains that cte has an insidious onset with progressing symptoms, such as decreased cognition abilities, altered thought perceptions, and lack of insight.
- Explains how they plan to find articles by searching cochrane library, uptodate, medline, pubmed, etc., and decipher which articles to include by only focusing on cte in adult male athletes.
1423 wordsRead More - Traumatic Brain Injuryexplanatory essayTraumatic brain injury (TBI) is a global health epidemic, widely recognized as diffuse axonal injury and a pervasive neurodevelopmental disorder in children. Typically characterized by external forces and pathologic change, TBI encompasses a broad range of etiologies and subsequent symptomatology. The Brain Injury Association of America cites TBI as the leading cause of disability and death in children and adolescents in the United States (BIAA, 2015), with reported estimations from various sources including emergency room visits, hospital admissions, sports related injuries, falls, motor vehicle accidents, and death. Incidence rates are difficult to ascertain and are significantly underestimated due to a broad classification of symptoms
In this essay, the author
- Explains that traumatic brain injury (tbi) is a global health epidemic, characterized by external forces and pathologic change. incidence rates are difficult to ascertain and are significantly underestimated.
- Explains that the centers for disease control and prevention cites tbi as one of the leading causes of mortality worldwide.
- Explains that methods to universally standardize tbi have not been implemented, which presents a concern when identifying patients, clinical symptoms, severity of trauma, neurologic impairment, and treatment strategies across large demographics.
- Explains that tbi diagnosis and classification has been widely characterized by traumatic severity and subsequent symptomatology, as well as behavioral changes in children. advanced radiological evidence allows physicians to observe structural changes over time.
- Explains that there are no approved medications specific to tbi as this diagnosis encompasses a broad range of brain-related traumas. advanced imaging techniques and cognitive deficits are reliable determinants to assess progression.
- Opines that proper identification and interventional strategies are imperative to reliably assess tbi in the pediatric population. diagnostic and treatment criteria rely on several key areas of assessment including causal mechanisms of primary or secondary injury, advanced radiological evidence, cognitive and behavioral evaluations, and various treatment options.
902 wordsRead More - Brain Recovery After Injury Or Trauma Essayexplanatory essayDenisha Vassan (Student Number 841892) Psychology 1007 Essay 2 Processes involved in brain recovery after an injury or trauma The control center of the human body is none other than the mighty brain. Due to its incredible importance in basic human functioning, both voluntary and involuntary, any injury or trauma to this organ will have a great influence on the body and it's capabilities (Burrus, 2013). Exploring how the brain deals with various injuries and damage proves that the functionality of the brain is fitting to make the brain the power house of the body. But before exploring this with the help of case studies, it is important to first make sense of the the anatomy and functioning of the nervous system as a whole in order to understand how it is affected during injury, the functioning of the body that is lost, the intervention implemented for treatment or rehabilitation and the changes experienced.
In this essay, the author
- Explains that the brain is the control center of the human body due to its incredible importance in basic human functioning, both voluntary and involuntary.
- Explains that the brain is part of the central nervous system, which consists of neurons and glia. neurons conduct electrical impulses that serve as communication between brain, sensory receptors, muscles, and spinal cord.
- Explains that frontotemporal dimentia is caused by the progressive shrinking of frontal and temporal lobes of the brain.
- Explains that neuroplasticity is the brain's capacity to change and adapt after a brain injury. it allows us to learn from, adapt to, and rebuild connections between neurons.
- Explains that alzheimer's disease affects neurons in the limbic system and frontal lobe which use the neurotransmitter, acetylcholine.
1434 wordsRead More - Brain Injury Research Paperexplanatory essayTraumatic Brain Injury: What happens to the blood-brain barrier? Introduction Traumatic brain injury (TBI) is a major cause of death and disability worldwide for which there is no cure. Many patients who survive from TBI may experience permanent cognitive loss, behavioral issues, and emotional disturbances, which require daily medical or social attentions.[1, 2]
In this essay, the author
- Explains that the blood-brain barrier comprises a tightly sealed monolayer of brain endothelial cells which normally eliminates free exchanges of solutes between blood and brain.
- Explains the molecular biology of the tight junctions in the brain microvasculature.
- Explains that the claudins family consists of more than 20 members and has four membrane-spanning regions, two extracellular loops, and two cytoplasmic termini like occludin.
- Explains that the junctional adhesion molecules (jam) are the third type of tight junctions associated membrane protein. they are members of the immunoglobulin (ig) superfamily.
- Explains that the blood brain barrier could provide a stable environment for neural function as well as keep the ionic composition optimal for synaptic signaling function.
- Explains that the neuroexcitatory amino acid glutamate, which fluctuates significantly after meal, shows high concentration on blood plasma. the blood brain barrier would help keep the central and peripheral transmitter pools separate.
- Explains that blood plasma proteins such as ablumin, pro-thrombin, and plasminogen are damaging to nervous tissue, causing cellular activation, which can lead to cell death.
- Explains that secondary injury plays an important role in traumatic brain injury. edema, neuroinflammation, and cell death might contribute to the pathophysiology of tbi independently or synergistically.
- Explains that blood brain barrier disruption would lead to brain edema after cerebral injury and traumatic brain injury. the widened endothelial tight junctions would allow the entry of proteins which would disrupt the balance of hydrostatic-osmotic forces mediating the fluid homeostasis.
- Explains that blood brain barrier breakdown is a complex process partially caused by the activation of matrix metalloprorteinases (mmps), which is part of the neuroinflammatory response.
- Explains that traumatic brain injury (tbi) is a major cause of death and disability worldwide for which there is no cure.
- Explains that occludin is the first integral membrane protein discovered within the tight junctions of endothelial cells in 1993.
- Explains that blood-brain barrier breakdown after cerebral trauma can last several days to weeks, or even years after acute injury.
- Explains that pathological processes that develop following brain injury lead to neuronal death, which can be immediate or delayed. blood brain barrier disruption might also influence long-term traumatic brain injuries complications.
1781 wordsRead More - Brain Injuries In Brain Recoveryexplanatory essayAccording to Barbara from BrainLine.org: “Brain injury is a puzzle… all the pieces are there but in the wrong order” thus recovering from a brain injury can be seen as the process of rearranging and rebuilding the brain and neural networks in order to regain functioning.
In this essay, the author
- Explains that recovering from a brain injury can be seen as the process of rearranging and rebuilding the brain and neural networks in order to regain functioning.
- Explains that this essay will discuss the processes involved in brain recovery by discussing what is neural networks and how neural trigger action potentials.
- Explains that the brain is the most complex and important organ in the human body as it controls the functioning of all other organs and body processes.
- Explains that a single neuron cannot convey or process the necessary information and therefore neurons have to interlink to one another.
- Explains that the interlinking of neurons creates a web in which each neuron receives messages from other neurons and sends its own messages. a neural network produces both intelligence and consciousness.
- Explains that neurons affect each other by releasing a neurotransmitter that binds to the chemical receptors on the postsynaptic (receiving) neuron.
- Explains that the postsynaptic neuron is stimulated, while the axon's resting potential changes, and an action potential results.
- Explains that after the neuron recovers from the action potential, it combines the input to form an output.
- Explains why it is vitally important for neural networks to continuously change in order to function at their optimal.
- Explains neuroplasticity, which occurs when new synapses between neurons form, synaptic connections grow stronger or weaken or die. the effect of experience on the brain is clearly seen in rats raised in a complex environment.
- Explains that neuroplasticity is definitely a factor in recovery from brain injury, and that cognitive and physical rehabilitation practices focus on it to aid recovery.
- Explains how neuroplasticity can be seen in the treatment of stroke patients. patients are given physical, occupational, and speech therapy which focus on teaching the patient to change the way they perform everyday activities in order to adapt to their disabilities.
- Explains that when a patient has language difficulties caused by damage to the left side of their brain is treated, the therapist incorporates language skills in the treatment plan.
- Explains that cognitive therapy is offered to patients with brain damage caused by a stroke in order to improve their brain function.
- Explains that after receiving cognitive treatment for forty minutes twice a week for six months, mr s was able to give additional details of the events narrated to him.
- Explains that by repeatedly repeating exercises, mr s's brain began to process the information he was being taught, thus indicating that the neural networks had changed to accommodate the new experience.
- Opines that every brain injury is unique and that the severity of the injury also impacts on the recovery or remission the patient may experience.
- Explains that optimism, family support, and regular therapy enables neuroplasticity to occur efficiently and effectively as one's brain is constantly stimulated by new experience and receptive to change.
- Concludes that neuroplasticity plays a large role in brain recovery after an injury or trauma and that therapy for brain injuries though vast focus on encouraging it.
1254 wordsRead More - Traumatic Brain Injury Research Paperexplanatory essayTraumatic brain injuries can impact portions of the brain in a variety of ways. Depending on the area impacted, an individual’s life maybe ultimately affected. According to (21) The Traumatized brain, variables that affect a traumatic brain injury are pre-existing condition and experiences as well as former injuries. Significant types of injuries are; penetrating injury, blast injury and internal force injury. The course of this paper attempts to discuss types of brain injury and their impact on individuals. As well as the fact that not all problems with the brain are caused by a direct injury. Referencing The Traumatized brain as the source. We examine all these types of brain damage and the difficulty in identifying damage. This paper also
In this essay, the author
- Explains that traumatic brain injuries can impact portions of the brain in a variety of ways, based on pre-existing conditions, experiences, and former injuries.
- Explains that each form of injury has its own impact on an individual. the emotional state of the individual prior to the injury, as well as his or her emotional support group, can affect recovery.
- Explains that each type of traumatic brain injury has its own consequences and impacts on the brain.
- Explains that a person with depression will need additional support after traumatic brain injury.
2267 wordsRead More - Traumatic Brain Injuryanalytical essayTraumatic brain injury occurs when a person is hit in the head with a blunt force. This significant force to the head can happen playing recreational sports, on the playground, being in a car or motorcycle accident, falling down at home and your head impacting something, a blast or explosion. Traumatic brain injuries are also the leading cause of fatality rate and disability, especially in children, young adults and elderly. TBI is a devastating condition that affects millions of people nationwide, because it can affect the nervous system permanently, it also messes with the neurological, musculoskeletal, cognitive and much more. TBI force a family to deal with not just the physical disability, with the behavioral and emotional roller coaster that one’s love one displays, especially when it comes to work, social, and family obligations. TBI causes changes in the patient’s ability to think, controlling their emotions, the way they walk and speak, and sometimes it affects their sight and hearing.
In this essay, the author
- Explains that traumatic brain injury is a devastating condition that affects millions of people nationwide. it can affect the nervous system permanently, neurological, musculoskeletal, cognitive, and much more.
- Opines that it is time for all americans to take notice of this injury that affects so many people and stop saying it only happens to those who play sports or are in the armed forces
- Explains that awareness about traumatic brain injury has increased because of combat operations in irag and afghanistan and in the national football league.
- Explains that a brain injury can be complex and inconsistent with the medical diagnosis. this can lead to confusion and putting the patient in the procession of defending themselves and the symptoms.
- Explains that people with mild tbis report persistent deficits and impairments after three months. babin and gross point out that some symptoms can cause functional impairment on the body without causing pain or psychiatric dysfunction.
- Explains that the connection to the patient's nerves systems and their ability to communicate plays an important role in the inadequacy of reporting tbi.
- Analyzes how traumatic brain injury and associated disorders can obstruct the patient-care pathway.
- Explains that sensorintegrative dysfunction underlying vestibular disorders after traumatic brain injury: a review.
1020 wordsRead More - Head Injury Essaycomparative essay1. Carney, N., Totten, A. M., O’Reilly, C., Ullman, J. S., Hawryluk, G. W. J., Bell, M. J., … Ghajar, J. (2016). *Guidelines for the Management of Severe Traumatic Brain Injury* (4th ed.). New York, NY: Brain Trauma Foundation. Retrieved from https://braintrauma.org/uploads/03/12/Guidelines_for_Management_of_Severe_TBI_4th_Edition.pdf--
In this essay, the author
- Advises cyclists and skiers to wear helmets when biking, skiing, or doing any other sport or activity that has a risk of injury.
- Explains that they have trouble walking, weakness in their arms and legs, or they lose balance.
- Advises people to get medical help right away, call local emergency services, and avoid driving to the hospital.
- Explains that head injuries can be as minor as a bump or severe.
- Explains that a bruise of the brain (contusion) means there is bleeding that can cause swelling.
- Describes the possible causes of a head injury, including motor vehicle collision, bicycle or motorcycle accidents, sports injuries, and falls.
- Describes the visible and non-visible symptoms of a head injury.
- Explains that the condition can be diagnosed based on symptoms, a description of the injury, and physical exam. imaging tests, such as ct scan or mri, can also be done.
- Explains that treatment for this condition depends on the severity and type of injury you have. the main goal of treatment is to prevent complications and allow the brain time to heal.
- Advises that a responsible adult should stay with you for 24 hours after your injury and check on you often.
- Explains the importance of close observation, including hospitalization, physical exams, and head injuries.
- Describes surgery to remove part of the skull (decompressive craniectomy), which allows room for the brain to swell.
- Recommends resting as much as possible and avoid activities that are physically hard or tiring.
- Advises not to drink alcohol until your health care provider approves and avoid drug use. alcohol and certain drugs may slow your recovery and put you at risk of further injury.
- Recommends telling friends, family, a trusted colleague and work manager about your injury, symptoms, and restrictions. have them watch for any new or worsening problems.
- Explains that after a head injury, you may need to be observed in the emergency department or urgent care.
- Recommends avoiding activities that could cause another head injury, such as playing sports, until your health care provider approves.
- Recommends having someone stay with you for 24 hours after your head injury. this person should watch for changes in symptoms and be ready to seek medical help, as needed.
- Cites carney, totten, o’reilly, ullman, hawryluk, bell, m. j., ghajar, j, and stippler.
1250 wordsRead More