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Trans-cultural communication at work
Introduction
A business meeting takes place in Indonesia between the executives: Jonathan from Australia and Batara from Indonesia. The Indonesian company was authentically interested in the Australian company 's proposal. After communications through fax, Jonathan visits the Indonesian company and meets with Batara for the first time. Coming from different cultural backgrounds, the interactions between the Indonesian and Australian partners were influenced by cross-cultural differences. Thus, the different background knowledge generate unshared interests that leads to individual interpretations.
Indeed, in an intercultural business interaction, certain characteristics of the communication can be interpreted
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Jonathan ignored the importance of building rapport in intercultural interactions (Oatey & Franklin 2009). Rapport refers to the understanding of the use of language in interactions (Cohen & Henderson). From this feature, harmony or disharmony of the conversation may be the outcome of this first interaction. From the Indonesian business culture perspective, this feature of communication is certainly important. Building relationships with business partners is crucial before closing deals (Indosight 2014). For Jonathan, failing to establish a relationship could represent difficulties to achieve collaboration from his counterpart. Collaboration could be difficult to achieve if rapport is not managed well among intercultural speakers specially from their first interaction (Cohen & …show more content…
In social interactions, silence is used as a politeness strategy to avoid embarrassment or unwanted impositions (Nakane 2007). Thus, silence can be considered as a sign of solidarity and good rapport from Batara. In this conversation, the long silence could have meant politeness. Batara may have felt uncomfortable explaining why the President director was not present at the meeting. Considering that this is the normal procedure of doing business in Indonesia, Batara avoids talking about it and opts to discuss about the information previously sent through fax (line 6) . Probably, Batara avoided an embarrassment moment for Jonathan for being unaware of business culture in Indonesia. These features in business culture will be discuss on the following
The rapid technological evolution and the growth in the population around the world are playing considerable role in creating new levels of intercultural communicate both locally and globally. People now can get the information from any spots on the planets easily through many televisions channels. Also, gaining huge amount of knowledge from every part around the world is provided by computer networks. Computer networks facilitate the communications as well. Beside create new opportunities, technological and demographic evolutions provide significant challenges to the people. Communicating successfully in another language depends on shifting the frames of reference, norms, and assumptions (Kinzer, 2003). In other words, when individuals use another language effectively, they must adopt new perspectives about communication and language and not just focus on the structure and vocabulary. Reading, writing and discussion of texts will help learner to understand another way of thinking. Actually, there are needs to embrace issues of cultural identity and for an inclusive process in how reading and writing are being taught. In this regard, language appeared as one of the most essential aspects of culture and social being. Language is not the only mean which individuals create activities and identities. Also, language is not enough to be recognised in a specific community or group. Person must behave and act in ways considered right among this community or group.
Holliday, Adrian, Martin Hyde, and John Kullman. 2010. Intercultural Communication: An advanced resource book for students. 2nd Edition. Routledge.
Intercultural communication is type of communication which people from different cultures and groups share information. The occasion where significant basically cultural differences made effective intercultural communication a challenge between me and my friend here in America was about bride price. In my culture bride price is paid by groom to the family of the girl who is going to marry. The bride price symbolizes as a promise to always love and protect. It serves as reassurance to the bride’s parents that the daughter they love with all their heart will be in good hands. The bride price does not represent the value of a women and it was never intended to. Its present a promise to love and respect a women. But my friend who is the citizen here and was born here told me that in America there is no like this culture anymore, they do not pay any bride price to groom or to the bride.
As, during business meetings the business partners from other countries such as china ,japan, Spain and much more when deal with companies in India, Canada and Australia they face language problems while talking and reading documents related to the business .Sometimes the business deals are cancelled due to communication. The people of different states sometime feel uncomfortable in that environment so the business partners and the co-workers of that company help them to fall in their environment and provide them with various facilities so that they did not feel uncomfortable. Through these types of business meetings the barrier problems are solved and better relationship is built among two different companies and two different countries. In business it is important for a businessman to create the products of culture choice as this would help a businessman to learn about the ethics and rituals of the culture and he may lead to get success in the business
In our different roles, our beliefs, values and attitudes are regularly related with others; like our friends, family, suppliers, and customers. Sometimes and without thinking we seem to “like" those who share our values and beliefs. Apparently the individual who matches our values is what makes a prosperous relationship whether it is a professional or personal.
When individuals or groups from different cultures communicate, this process is called intercultural communication. The transaction process of listening and responding to people from different cultural backgrounds can be challenging. The greater the difference in culture between two people, the greater the potential of misunderstanding and mistrust. Misunderstanding and miscommunication occur between people from different cultures because of different coding rules and cultural norms, which play a major role in shaping the patterns of interaction (Jandt, 2012).
Many people who go to visit or work in another country suffer some misunderstanding from the local people, because they have a different culture. Different culture will cause disparity points of view about almost everything. In the article, Intercultural Communication Stumbling Blocks by Laray M. Barna, there are five stumbling blocks mentioned that are seen in a cross-culture communication. These blocks are: language, nonverbal signs and symbols, preconceptions and stereotypes, the tendency to evaluate and high anxiety. Barna wants to use these stumbling blocks to show the common blockades between different cultures. I agree with what she thinks about the language, nonverbal signs and symbols, preconceptions and stereotypes, and the tendency
Intercultural communication can be defined as the process in which two or more individuals from different cultures interact and exchange messages with each other. As a branch of communication, intercultural communication includes symbolism, diverse perceptions and nonverbal communication. Most of our cultures determine specific norms and values that limit or define how we communicate, that is why intercultural communication focuses on identifying if cultures are individualistic or collectivist cultures. Individualistic cultures members’ interest are centered in helping themselves, as opposed to members in collectivist cultures who give essential importance to the opinion of important members in their lives (Adler, Rosenfeld, Proctor II, 2015)
Effective communication with people of difference cultures can be especially challenging. The way people interpret the world can be strikingly different between cultures. Intercultural communication occurs when a member from one culture produces a message that is absorbed by a member of another culture. How that message is understood by the communicating party is a vital part in intercultural communication. For example, in Cambodia it would be considered rude to discuss business in a social setting (Language, culture, customs and etiquette, n.d.). However, in the United States this is a common practice and is almost an encouraged event. Another important factor and consideration in intercultural communication is the importance of understanding cultures, values, history and beliefs. For instance, in Cambodia, if you deliver a present that is wrapped in white paper, this is considered to represent mourning. This is one of the many reasons why it is important to assimilate into a culture and be mindful of communication between cultures (Language, culture, customs and etiquette, n.d.).
While Western business persons are mostly time-bound and think a deal can be made in one visit, you need to be able to have patience in Indonesia and travel more than once to make the deal. Expect to encounter tough negotiations, do not ever get to the point right away. Because as Dean mentions, contracts and agreements tend to contain more ‘unwritten text’ relying upon mutual understanding and trust that has occurred between the parties over a period of time. (Dean, 2000) The term ‘time is money’ is unknown in Indonesia.
Communication is the key to organization for these companies and leaders depend largely on its effectiveness. In one study of cross cultural communication, managers were asked to think of seven problems before the meeting to make the communication effective (Barriers of Cross Cultural Communication in Multinational Firms). But, how do people understand each other when they do not share the same culture? To answer this question we must first understand cross cultural management. This type of management focuses on the behavior of people working together as a group ...
Negotiation tactics are an important aspect to consider when doing business in a cross-cultural environment. Negotiation or special communication that takes place shows how to reach the agreement and how to handle both common to conflicting interests between two or more parties (Denk-Helmond et al., 1996, pp. 42-60). Competition within a global setting, it is essential to recognize some of the typical negotiating tactics when working with people from different cultures. A negotiating process is a dynamic process which two parties, each with its objectives, seek a mutually acceptable agreement on a matter of common interest (Gorg, Hanley, Hoffmann, & Seric, 2017 pp. 187-194). Countries from Asia, North America, and Europe
The way people communicate varies widely between, and even within, cultures. One aspect of communication style is language usage. Language has always been perceived as a link between people but it can also constitute a barrier. Across cultures, some words and phrases are used in different ways. For example, even in countries that share the English language, the meaning of "yes" varies from "maybe, I'll consider it" to "definitely so," with many shades in between . Furthermore, communication between cultures which do not share the same language is considerably more difficult . Each culture, has its distinct syntax, expressions and structure which causes confusion in intercultural communication. For example , in Asian countries the word “no” is rarely used, so that “yea” can mean “no” or “perhaps”. Therefore, an American traveling to Japan might be considered impolite if he ignores this rule. Furthermore, individuals who are not comfortable with a certain language may not be taken seriously. Such is the case in the classroom, where a student who has a perfect knowledge of the subject in question may have difficulty expressing his idea due to his inability to write properly and therefore he would not receive the grade he truly deserves. Similarly intercultural communication is dominant in the workplace. In the past, many companies and organizations could operate entirely within their country of origin and conduct their activities exclusively in their own native language. But now, due...
Any negotiation challenges the parties involved in a variety of ways, but parties with conflicting interests face important additional difficulties when attempting to negotiate an agreement across culture lines. Not only will the difficulties arising from the known similarities and differences of opinion be more pronounced, but also unsuspected factors could easily enter the picture and condition perceptions of the situation. In cross-cultural negotiations, a reasonable second acknowledgment should be that the hidden factors that are always at work are more likely to interfere with reaching an agreement. It is especially important that this acknowledgment be understood to apply not only to the dynamics of interactions across the table, but those of individuals on the same side of the table. [At times, it may be tempting to attribute the outcomes of negotiations to a single variable (such as the culture or the relative power of a country).] The term culture has taken on many different meanings but basically it reflects the shared values. Culture affects negotiations in different ways. In this paper, we are going to discuss the American and Jap...
Today the world we live in is “a global village” where no nation, group or culture can remain anonymous (Samovar & Porter, 1991). What happens in one part of the world affects all parts of the world. As the world is becoming smaller, we are increasingly interacting with people from many different cultures. While modern technology has made it easier for us to communicate with people anywhere in the world, such interactions can be difficult if we do not know how to deal with people and cultures different from our own. Here are examples of some of the obvious mistakes politicians and businesses have made when it comes to dealing with other languages cultures: