TRAIT THEORIES
Some of the individual characteristics of leaders are mentioned below:
1. Physical Characteristics: Age, Appearance, Height and Weight
2. Social Background: Education, Social Status
3. Personality: Aggressiveness, alertness, enthusiasm, integrity, confidence.
4. Task Related characteristics: Achievement, Responsibility, Task orientation, persistence
5. Social Characteristics: Prestige, Interaction, tack, diplomacy, popularity, co-operation.
Leaders are identified by the above mentioned traits and not their behaviors. The list of these traits are endless and are not finite. For some occupation traits like confidence and enthusiasm will make leaders and for some occupation high need achievers will make people leaders. Traits will
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The leader establishes communication networks and evaluates work group performance.
Consideration is mainly behavior which involves trust. respect, support and concern for the welfare of employees. It is more of an employee orientation leadership style.
Michigan State Studies: These studies also have two different styles of leadership. Job-centered leaderships style mainly focuses on close supervision, coercive power, legitimate power, meeting schedules and evaluating work performance.
Employee-centered style focuses on people. It is more of people oriented and it lays emphasis on delegation of responsibility and also take care of employee welfare, needs and their advancement and personal growth.
These two leadership style result in more productivity.
Job centered behavior leads to increase in turnover and absenteeism and created tension and pressure among employees.
Employee centered style created motivation and enthusiasm in employees. It is the best leadership style.
Managerial Grid: Blake and Mouton developed the managerial grid on the basis of Ohio State Study. The managerial grid identifies a range of management behavior based on the different ways of how production oriented and employee oriented styles interact with
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Style 9 - 9 is team or democratic management. This has high concern for management and production and employees.
Blake and Mouton always insisted to use 9 - 9 style of leadership. He believed this is the best style to achieve the goals of organization. It is known as the most effective leadership style.
Barack Obama has a 9 - 9 style of leadership.
Likert’s System Four Model: Rensis Likert focuses that managers operate under four different systems.
System I – Exploitative Authoritative: The manager is very authoritarian and exploits the subordinates
System II – Benevolent Authoritative: The manager takes a paternalistic approach while still being autocratic. the leader maintains strict control over the subordinates albeit in a paternalistic manner.
System III – Consultative: The manager consults the subordinates and still maintains the right to make the final decision.
System IV – Participative Groups: The manager uses a democratic style and makes decision by consensus and majority vote.
Likert feels that the best way for all organizations to manage employees is to move towards System IV. Barack Obama shows System 1V style of
The leading work style feels motivated by pride and satisfaction in the tasks of the organization, while the style of relations motivated attempts to establish relationships and to extend additional support for the development of computer in the organization. There is no right or wrong style leadership. Each person has their own preferences for leadership. Motivation for Group executives are at their best when the group successfully as achieving a new sales record or above the main competitor. Relationship-oriented leaders are at their best when he takes greater customer satisfaction and a positive image of the company is established.
The main concern of the leader is the job to be done. In order to be sure, he creates specific programs and directives. He is very close to autocratic style.
Span and Control – This element pertains to such issues as the number of subordinates under the direct supervision of a manager. It is extremely important to take into consideration a larger pool of subordinates can equate to efficient cost, but to...
Edwin T. Cornelius III defined leadership style as the broad, characteristic way in which a leader interacts with others across in various situations and occasions. (Cornelius, 2006) However, many researchers would agree that leadership style is merely traits and they can change within an organization or between different situations. Annick M. Brennen in an article stated: A study of leadership styles therefore deals mainly with the manner in which the leader carries out his/her leadership functions or roles–the use of authority and power and the approach to the decision-maki...
Continuously, there is the affiliative style which means that a leader creates a positive harmony for his employees (Six leadership styles: selecting the right leader, 2016). In other words, that leader put people first and tasks second. The Democratic leader focuses on the decision making, also, the employees in this organisation have the skills, knowledge require. Therefore, the leader trust them in their
In taking a further look into the article Ten Traits of effective leaders, leaders are often taught skills to help create a successful leadership style. An effective leadership style is supportive in addition to directive. As a leader it’s not enough to have leadership sense. You must understand your employees. Once you have established a connection as a leader you gain a strong logic of what employees are looking for in a company. For exa...
The notion of leadership is very often linked to the issue of power and influence. (Jedwab)
After completing the “Leadership Style Questionnaire” and analyzing my results, I have learned what my preferred leadership style is and how that influences how I lead and may be perceived from members of the group. From the results attained from the questionnaire, my preferred style of leadership is directing. This type of leadership style is best for individuals who have a low competency and high commitment level. These types of leaders are highly focused on tasks and less focused on relationships. They make decisions without consulting with the group and communicate without regarding the group’s concerns or suggestions. This type of leader also supervises the followers intently. They are very successful in creating objectives for each follower and the group as a whole to guide the group in reaching a certain goal.
The Company observes the practice of decentralization where the responsibility and authority in all decision-making for the divisions’ operations lie in its respective division managers, except those relating to overall company policy.
Leaders posses a variety of personality traits, but there are only a few traits that define a great leader.
Within the Managerial Grid Model are five different styles of leadership that fall into different points on a grid ranging from concern for people and the other a concern for
To become a truly effective leader, one must encapsulate the various behaviors related to the aforementioned course learnings in his/her persona and demonstrate such behaviors daily. This course has allowed me to identify four behaviors that all leaders must portray to be effective. The first of which is that a leader must be inspirational. To do so, a leader must set the appropriate vision and direction for the organization and provide a path to achieving defined goals. Additionally, a leader must induce the proper levels of motivation so that each employee has sufficient incentive to work towards the organization’s goals. As discussed in the class, motivation can be accomplished by factors such as rewarding hard work and providing the correct opportunities to employees. While these are motivating in that employees desire to be fairly compensated and to be doing work they deem valuable, inspiration comes more from organizational culture. A leader will be inspirational by setting a tone that appreciates each employee’s contribution, no matter how small in scale it is. Further, employees are inspired when they work collaboratively in a group setting and can capitalize on individual strengths to drive organizational goals.
A particular approach to the idea of leadership style is provided by ROBERT R. Blake and JANE S. Mouton. Blake and mouton managerial grid will be showed in the figure below reflect a theme that is common in many approach to leadership. That theme is that effective leadership requires attention to both task and people. We saw the theme in the Ohio state leader behavior dimensions of initiating structure and considerations. Likert also develops this theme in his theme research when he discusses job centered and employees centered supervision.
In transformation style, leadership style best for working but not effective. The process of the leadership style inspires and motivates employees to complete the work.
Effective use of leadership styles and models can foster organizational success by increasing motivation, enhancing cooperation, and giving sense of direction to the staff and executives. Building awareness of the various leadership models and styles can help leaders develop their approach to enable them become more effective leader. In this article, six video clips will be examined for the leaderships styles used and their effectiveness for the specific situation.