Network Topologies:
The connection lines between the devices connected within a network define the topology of a network. The arrangement of the components of network within a network is called network topology. Some topologies are:
Bus Topology.
Ring Topology.
Star Topology.
Mesh Topology.
Tree Topology.
Hybrid Topology.
You should definitely search for the topology diagrams for the above mentioned topologies.
Bus Topology:
In this topology, every device is connected to the same line of a cable. In this topology, data us transmitted only in one direction.
Ring Topology:
Every device is connected with the cable in the form of a ring. In this topology, data is transmitted in a sequential manner.
Star Topology:
In star topology,
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Number of channels to link a particular number of channel is decided by the formula n (n-1)/2
Where ‘n’ is the number of devices to be connected.
Tree Topology:
In this topology, there is a device which called root, and all the other devices are connected on different levels to that root device.
Hybrid Topology:
In hybrid topology, above mentioned two or more topologies are used.
Communication Technologies:
There 3 types of communication technology in networking.
Internet.
Intranet.
Extranet.
Internet:
Different devices which are interconnected with each other and communicate with each other, form an internet.
Intranet:
It is a network of limited devices connected with each other. It is a private network, in which computers communicate with each other which are within the same network. No outside device can communicate with devices connected in intranet.
Extranet:
It is also a kind of intranet, but the only difference is some authorized computers from outside of that private network can also communicate with devices within the network.
Note: Wireless devices connect to the internet via Access
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It has 7 layers, every layer has its own operational functionality. All the operations which are performed in networking, work on any one of these layers. Before going into further details, consider the diagram below, which represents the 7 layers along with the description of the task they actually do. All the readers are recommended to learn the names of the layers along with their function in detail as it is important from interview perspective. All the operations which are performed by network components or any kind of operation which includes network protocols work on any of these layers. For example, consider a network application based on File Transfer Protocol (FTP), will operate on the first layer of the OSI. It means that this network application will undergo all the operations defined by the layers below application layer. Considering the application, we are talking about, it will hence undergo following procedure when it will be under execution:
I. Connecting to the network (Application Layer).
II. Arranging data to be transmitted in a standard for (Presentation
“Network topology is the arrangement of the various network elements such as node, link, of computer network. Basically, it is topological structure of a network which ether be physically or logically.”
Wireless networks – While the term wireless network may technically be used to refer to any type of network that is wireless, the term is most commonly used to refer to a telecommunications network whose interconnection between nodes is implemented without the use of wires, such as a computer network. Wireless telecommunication networks are generally implemented with some type of remote information transmission system that uses electromagnetic waves, such as radio waves, for the carrier and this implementation usually takes place at the physical level or “layer” network.
MAC Layer Connections: Management connections and data transport connections are two connections in this layer. The management connections have three types: basic, primary, and secondary. A basic connection and primary connection are created for each MS when they join the network. A basic connection is used for short and urgent management message. And a primary connection is used for delay-tolerant management messages. The secondary connection is used for IP summarized management messages such as dynamic host configuration protocol [DHCP], and simple network management protocol [SNMP]. Transport connections can be provisioned or can be recognized on demand. They are used for user traffic flows. Unicast or multicast can be used for transmission.
The OSI model is a model of how a network actually works. The OSI model has seven different layers and is of course, theoretical. Meaning, this model may not be true in every instance, perhaps it can work without a counter part or perhaps not. The layers of the OSI are comprised of these layers: Physical, Data Link, Network, Transport, Session, Presentation, and Application (InetDaemon, 2015).
Laid out in a line – Has a single cable connecting all of nodes. If one node breaks down the whole network breaks down
The seven layers, from lowest to highest, are physical, data link control, network, transport, session, presentation, and application. Data travels along the layers on the sending node from the application layer down through the layers until it reaches the physical layer. At the physical layer the data is transmitted over the physical medium to the physical layer at the receiving node. At this point, the data travels up the layers until it reaches the application layer in a format the end user can utilize (Cowley, 2012).
Ring Topology - All devices are connected to one another in the shape of a closed loop or ring, so that each node is connected directly to two other nodes, one on either side of it.
In this topology, all nodes are connected to a central device, usually a hub or a switch. Each connected device has a dedicated, point-to-point connection between the device and the hub. The star network topology is by far the most widely implemented topology in use today.
This paper will explain several differences between a logical network design and the physical design of a network. Most people tend to think of it as the logical meaning the functional part and the physical as the seeing it part. With saying that one must understand that there is more to the logical and physical design of a network than just the functional and seeing parts. In order for one to understand the differences of how the two operate and work from one to the other, one would need more information than just the functionality and seeing parts. In the following paragraphs of this paper, by trying to outline what makes up the differences between logical and physical design of a network one should then understand his/her purpose.
Next, the writer goes over the second type of network architecture - the TCP/IP reference model, the granddaddy of the wide area computer network. This architecture allows the connection of multiple networks seamlessly. The architecture is flexible and capable of running even if some of the subnet hardware is destroyed or non-functional as long as the source and destination machines are functioning. In a similar fashion to the OSI model, the TCP/IP model has layers as well. In this case, we have four layers: the link
The term Topology refers to the physical or logical shape or layout of a network. Communication between different nodes within a network is determined by its topology. Mesh, Bus, Ring and Star are four of the most common network topologies, each with advantages and disadvantages in relation to each other.
Star topology is a network topology which all the nodes are individually connected to a central conduit to do the data transmission.
A network is a set of communication devices that connected by wired or wireless to others
This report will describe the two forms of data communications in terms of the physical interfaces and modes of operation. It will describe the features of data communications equipment in relation to synchronous and asynchronous communication including modems, network terminating units and sending and receiving equipment.