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Catholicism in medieval times
Christianity through the ages
Catholicism in medieval times
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College of Scholars of the Holy Trinity of Norwich. Named after The Holy Trinity. Founded 1350 by William Bateman Bishop of Norwich. Sisters College – All Souls College Oxford. Men and Women – Undergraduate 370 Postgraduates 270.
The Black Death plague that hit England in the 1340’s had a devastating effect, wiping out almost half of the population. The clergy, despite their godliness, were not immune. William Bateman Bishop of Norwich, found he had lost close to 700 parish priests and, in order to address this problem, set about founding Trinity Hall in 1350. The institution was designed to replenish the priesthood, promoting divine worship and the civil sciences, which the bishop hoped, would benefit the diocese of Norwich and the surrounding areas.
Pressing need for lawyers
As medieval England became more bureaucratic, the need for lawyers who understood both the laws of God and the laws of the crown increased. The training of priests and lawyers in the 14th century was similar and Trinity Hall soon established a reputation and tradition for law, which continues to this day.
Trinity Hall backs on to the river Cam, in a central location sandwiched between Clare, to the south and Trinity College (which it predates by nearly 200 years) to the north. It is part of the collection that form ‘The Backs’. The compact rough lozenge shape site squeezes in several courts along with the spacious Latham Lawn that sits by the River Cam. To the east of the lawn three connecting courts adjoin Trinity Street – Avery Court, Front Court and North Court. Henry James remarked, ‘If I were called upon to mention the prettiest corner of the world, I should draw a thoughtful sigh and point the way to the gardens of Trinity Hall’. Traditionally the ear...
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...atham Building in 1910, followed by the Thornton Building. Both face the Lawn, adopting a gorgeous red brick Victorian Elizabethan revival style with classical trim. North Court has some surviving original fabric but is now dominated by Gothic work from Sir Giles Gilbert Scott.
Idyllic setting
The award winning Jerwood Library, built in 1999, sits in an idyllic setting overhanging the River Cam and manages to look both modern and ancient at the same time. Traditional materials and methods have been used by Freeland Rees Roberts, to create a lovely building that rests perfectly in scale with its neighbours. The fragmented forms created with red brick and glass give it a gentle contemporary appearance. Students can often be seen sitting and reading on a large ledge pressed against the glass, picturesque river one side, 30,000 books the other – it can’t get any better!
Hitchcock, Henry Russell. Early Victorian Architecture in Britain Volumes I and II. New Haven: Yale University Press, 1954.
No other epidemic reaches the level of the Black Death which took place from 1348 to 1350. The epidemic, better regarded as a pandemic, shook Europe, Asia, and North Africa; therefore it deems as the one of the most devastating events in world history. In The Black Death: The Great Mortality of 1348-1350, John Aberth, compiles primary sources in order to examine the origins and outcomes of this deadly disease. The author, a history professor and associate academic dean at Vermont’s Castleton State College, specializes in medieval history and the Black Death. He wrote the book in order to provide multiple perspectives of the plague’s impact. Primarily, pathogens started the whole phenomenon; however, geological, economic, and social conditions
At Oxford Wycliffe was known for being an English theologian, philosopher, church reformer, and promoter of the first complete translation of the Bible into English (Wycliffe). He was not able to get his doctorate of theologian until 1372 because of periodic eruptions of the Black Death (Wycliffe). He because the most recognized theologian in all of Europe. Oxford was later blamed for Wycliffe’s actions (History). In 1374 he finally received the Crown of rectory of Lutherworth, with which his name is forever connected. There he lived continuously after his expulsion from Oxford in 1382, there he wrote his later works and collected his friends and missionaries (Trevelyan, 170). Throughout his lifetime, five papal edicts were issued for his arrest. Since England was distancing itself fr...
known as the Norman keep as it was the Normans who built it. The keep
When walking through Boston's renowned Harvard Yard, one may scope out the mixture of architecture throughout its landscape. From the traditional Memorial Hall influenced by Romanesque churches, to the Carpenter Center for the Visual Arts, Harvard Yard is like a salad bowl of architecture. Perhaps because I am a lover of Victorian style structures, or maybe because of its interior's beauty and richness, Memorial Hall intrigued my interest most of all.
The history of Kenwood House in Hampstead stretches far back in history; however, the bulk of what is published and considered rests upon the architecture of the Adams brothers, and particularly Robert Adam. It is said that the original house on the property was "probably built by John Bill (1576 - 1630), the King's Printer, soon after 1616. (Summerson, p. 5)" Apart from a few scant references to its prior history, the bulk of published material begins with the Adams, having started and completed a remodel of the house in 1766 and 1774, respectively. A few key questions being asked in this examination of Kenwood are: why has this building been extensively written about?
The Hive Library, in Worcester, is a four-story building that is made of golden-colour copper aluminium alloy (exterior) and water proof concrete (interior). Feilden Clegg Bradley Studios designed the building, which costs around ‘£38m’(Ijeh, The modern reader, p2). The library was designed for the use of public as well as the use Worcester University student. On the other hand, Christopher Wren designed The Trinity College in 1676-1695 in Cambridge. It’s a single large room, at the first floor level. Several feet below the external division, between the two stories, lies the floor of the library (Hawkes, Origins of Building Science, p87). This gives is a better architecture proportion. The library was designed for the use of Cambridge student only. The use of both libraries explains the difference in size of the two buildings. The Hive was designed for public and Worcester university students, whereas Trinity was only designed for Cambridge university students. The Hive is bigger because larger population is using the library than the Trinity library.
It cannot be argued that the Black Plague was detrimental to every aspect of Europe’s communities. It was a powerful epidemic that wiped out a third of the continent’s population. Out of the midst of all its terror, however, positive after effects presented themselves. Some of these effects included revolutions in the church and society, eventually leading to the separation of church and state. Feudalism was also challenged as peasants demanded wages and revolted. Along with social changes came technological innovations, new inventions, and an attention to hygiene and the beginning of modern medicine. The plague may have devastated Europe, but it also gave way to a new era.
Gonville and Caius was founded in 1348 as Gonville Hall, by the somewhat mysterious Edmund Gonville, Rector of Terrington St Clements, from the flatlands of Norfolk. There must have been more to Edmund than the records show, because it is doubtful a humble rector could have established a Cambridge college. There has been speculation that he was also a successful businessman with powerful connections, especially with William Bateman, the bishop of Norwich. The good bishop was executor to Edmund’s will and discovered the estate was not really big enough to support the institution, so he took control himself. Bishop Bateman had recently established Trinity Hall in Cambridge and he moved Gonville, (from Free School Lane) on to neighbouring land, renaming it ‘The Hall of the Annunciation of the Blessed Virgin Mary’, making sure it was endowed with the required buildings.
Originally situated at 74 Regent Street, the college was a hostel for five women who wished to attend university lectures, a privilege granted at the discretion of the lecturer. Following an increase in demand the hostel moved to Merton House at Queen’s Road, then settled at its current home at Newnham in 1875.
The Great Hall was the main room of the royal palace, castle or a large manor house. A quintessential Great Hall was rectangular in shape, between one and a half and three times higher than it was wide. Entrance through the great hall was through a screening passage at one end and had windows on one of the long sides. There was often a minstrels gallery at the top of the screens passage.
According to the architectural historian Richard Hewlings, Chiswick House was an attempt to create a roman villa instead of Renaissance pastiche by Lord Burlington, located in a Roman garden. Se...
Starkey, M. (2009) What is a University? Explaining the Rise of Universities in Medieval Europe, an Education Studies essay, 9th March, School of Education, University of Northampton, online at: