Thyroxine (Eutroxrig Tablets)
Use: Thyroxine is used as a replacement or supplemental in hypothyroidism of any aetiology, except transient hypothyroidism during the recovery phase of subacute thyroiditis Specific indications include primary, secondary, and tertiary hypothyroidism and subclinical hypothyroidism. Action:
- Levothyroxine is a man-made form of thyroxine, a hormone that is produced naturally in the body by the thyroid gland.
- Levothyroxine replaces missing thyroxine in people whose thyroid glands do not produce enough thyroxine naturally.
- Thyroid hormones (such as thyroxine) play a vital role in our normal growth and development, and in the maturation of our brain, spinal cord, nerves, and bone. Thyroid hormones help
…show more content…
Adverse effects:
Usually associated with over dosage and consists of the following:
- Nervousness, tremor, restlessness, anxiety, irritability
- Sweating, flushing, intolerance to heat, fever
- Headache, insomnia, sleep disturbance, poor concentration, emotional lability
- Mania, psychosis, psychotic depression
- Seizures
- Tachycardia, palpitations, cardiac arrhythmias, angina pectoris, chest pain
- Myopathy, muscle cramps and weakness eyelid lag
- Diarrhoea, vomiting, weight loss, malabsorption
- Alopecia, hyper-pigmentation
- Amenorrhoea, menstrualirre gularities, decreased libido, gynaecomastia ( male)
- Decreased glucose tolerance
Nursing consideration to Maddy’s situation:
- Assess apical pulse and blood pressure prior the medication is taken and during therapy as well. Moreover, the nurses have assessed and monitor Maddy for tachyarrhythmia and chest pain.
- Laboratory Test Consideration: Monitor TSH serum levels in the patient about 8-10 weeks after changing from one brand of medication to another
…show more content…
A common treatment is to stop dose for 2-7 days then continue at a lower dose. Acute overdose is treated by induction of emesis or gastric lavage, followed by activated charcoal. Sympathetic overstimulation may be prevented by antiadrenergic drugs (beta blockers). Oxygen and supportive measures to control symptoms are also required.
Liothyronine Sodium (Tertroxin Tablets)
Use:
- Severe and acute hypothyroid states
- Myxoedema coma
Action: this medication works as supplementation or replacement of endogenous thyroid hormone. A significant effect is elevating the metabolic rate of body tissues, such as increase utilization and mobilization of glycogen or stimulate protein synthesis. Therapeutic effects, this medication works as a replacement in hypothyroidism to normalise thyroid hormone levels.
Adverse effects:
- Headache, restlessness flushing, sweating, excitability
- Diarrhoea, excessive weight loss
- Palpitation, anginal pain, tachycardia, cardiac arrhythmias
- Skeletal muscle cramps and/or
I should remember the lecture note that parafollicular cells of the thyroid gland produce calcitonin.
Medications used to treat hypothyroidism consist of armour, proloid, synthroid, cytomel and euthroid (Dellipizzi-Citardi, 2011, p.59). Armour is a thyroid tablet consisting of extracts of the thyroid gland. Proloid is also known as thyroglobulin, which consists of purified extracts of a pig’s thyroid. Another name for synthroid is levothyroxine sodium. Cytomel is also referred to as liothyronine sodium. Lastly, euthroid is called liotrex. (Dellipizzi-Citardi, 2011, p.59). Some side effects of these medications are angina and arrhythmias. One nursing implication for these medications is administering a single dose before breakfast with a full glass of water, initial doses are low and gradually increase based on a thyroid function test. (“Thyroid, levothyroxine & liothyronine”, n.d.) Another nursing implication is if a patient has difficulty swallowing the tablet, crush it and put it in five to ten milliliters of water and administer it immediately by either spoon or dropper. (“Thyroid, levothyroxine & liothyronine ”, n.d.)
It is primarily excreted unchanged in the urine and has half life of 10 to 31 hours.
The following presentation will help this class in the teaching of a patient with hypothyroidism. The expected outcome of this presentation for the patient will be as follows:
The thyroid gland plays a major role in the endocrine, thyroxine, triiodothyronine and metabolism system. The gland can be found in the front of the neck and above where the collar bones meet. The thyroid gland controls the body by releasing T4 and T3 hormones. Controlling metabolism plays an important role when regulating mood, weight,
The thyroid gland is found in the front of the neck and produces two main hormones. The hormones are called thuroxine (T4) and Triiodothyronine (T3). Together these hormones regulate the body’s metabolism by increasing energy use in cells, regulate growth and development, help to maintain body temperature and aid in oxygen consumption. These two hormones are regulated by hormones produced by the hypothalamus and pituitary gland. The hypothalamus senses changes in body’s metabolic rate and releases a hormone known as thyropin-releasing hormone (TRH). This hormone then flows through connecting vessels to the pituitary gland which signals it to release another hormone. This hormone is known as thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH). TSH then makes its way to the bloodstream until it reaches the thyroid where it is then signaled to activate T3 and T4 production [1]. This mechanism is controlled by a negative feedback loop meaning that when there is a sufficient amount of thyroid hormones in the blood stream, this will signal back to stop production of thyroid stimulating hormones. Complications occur when the thyroid hormones keep increasing even though there is already a sufficient amount of T3 and T4 in the blood stream. This process of over expression of thryroid hormones is known as hyperthyroidism. Hyperthyroidism is a general term that includes any disease that has a consequence of an overabundance of thyroid hormones. Hyperthyroidism is a general term but there are many variant diseases that are in the hyperthyroidism category. These diseases include diffuse toxic goiter, Basedow’s disease, thyrotoxicosis, Parry’s and Graves’ disease.
The thyroid is often referred to as the most important gland in the body. This is because it produces thyroxine (T4), triiodothyronine (T3), and calcitonin hormones. These hormones regulate a variety of tasks including cellular activity, brain function, metabolism, immune system, and the stimulation of the heart. (Friedman) One may take all of this for granted, however it is very important to take care of the thyroid gland. To produce these vital hormones, the thyroid requires iodine. The thyroid follicular cells trap iodine (as Iodide, I- ) by absorbing it from the blood in exchange for Na+. Next, the thyroid gathers the iodine, concentrating it 30-50 times more than in the blood. The iodide is then used to synthesize T4 and T3, and these hormones are released into the bloodstream. (Nussey) Without iodine, none of this would be possible...
The thyroid is an endocrine gland located at the front of the neck, above the central trachea and below the larynx. Within the hypothalamic-pituitary-thyroid axis, thyrotrophin-releasing hormone (TRH) stimulates the secretion of thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH) from the anterior pituitary [5]. TSH then acts on thyroid gland which releases the iodine dependent hormone thyroxine (T4) and triiodothyroxine (T3) to control physiological functions such as metabolism, heart rate, blood pressure, and body temperature [5].
This Letter is to whom wrote “Thyroid Gland, Functions, Facts & Diseases” and to whom coordinated the editor of the article to have such an article published. I genuinely learned an extravagant amount of health information that is helpful. This letter is my expression of my interest and yet most beneficial propositions.
Evaluation is the decision making process that involves determining effectiveness of nursing interventions in meeting expected outcomes. Evaluation can be used to decide if the patient or family member understands the drug regimen. Evaluation is also used to evaluate the patients response to therapy. Nurses should check the patient’s or family’s understanding of the drug regimen noting if one or both seem to understand the presented material.
Reviewing the patient medication list is an important part of the physical therapy chart review. By identifying a particular group of drugs that can cause a type of adverse events such as falls is indispensable. For example, a combination of the following medications such as narcotics (Vicodin), sedative hypnotics (Ambien) and ace inhibitor (Prinivil) can drastically increase the patient's fall
The endocrine system interacts with the nervous system to coordinate and integrate the activity of body cells. Unlike the nervous system, which sends signals chemically and electrically, the endocrine system sends signals only via chemical stimulants called hormones. These hormones are secreted by the cells into any extracellular fluids, which then travel through the blood to regulate any metabolic activity. Hormones have a diverse and widespread affect like controlling reproduction, growth, development, maintaining nutrient balance in the blood, regulating cellular metabolism and mobilizing the body defenses (Marieb et al 2013). In dealing with growth and development, the thyroid gland is always under consideration. The thyroid gland is the largest endocrine gland in the body that produces thyroid hormones that consist of two iodine-containing hormones called thyroxine (T4) and triiodothyroxine (T3) (Marieb et al 2013). Thyroid-stimulating hormones (TSH) are a tropic hormone that stimulates normal development and secretory activity of the thyroid gland. Thyrotropin-releasing hormones (TRH) are hypothalmic peptides that trigger the release of TSH from thyrotropic cells to different organs to help maintain the body’s metabolic state (Marieb et al 2013). Thyroid function has been known as a major contributor to the basal metabolic rate (O’Malley et al 2000). According to Longhi and Radetti, body composition and thyroid hormones are two components that are closely related. The hormones are involved in regulation of metabolism and thermogenesis, which plays a key role in lipid and glucose metabolism along with digestion of food and fat oxidation (Longhi et al 2013).
Currently, through observations and clinical experience on Med/Surg at Cary Medical Center, medication is administered by the nurse. Nurses are responsible and accountable for administrating medications to patients. Patient me...
The thyroid gland is the gland that makes and stores hormones that help regulate the heart rate, blood pressure, body temperature, and metabolism. Thyroid hormones are essential for the function of every cell in the body. They help regulate growth and the rate of chemical reactions in the body. Thyroid hormones also help children grow and develop. The thyroid gland is located in the lower part of the neck, below the Adam's apple, wrapped around the trachea. It has the shape of a butterfly with two lobes attached to one another by a middle part called the isthmus. The thyroid uses iodine, a mineral found in some foods and in iodized salt, to make its hormones. The two most important thyroid hormones are thyroxine (T4) and triiodothyronine (T3). The thyroid gland also makes the hormone calcitonin, which is involved in calcium metabolism and stimulating bone cells to add calcium to bone.
All patients that are admitted to the inpatient unit would have their medications reviewed on admission, if there was a change in their disease trajectory and upon discharge as standard. All patients attending day-therapies would have an initial clerking to include a medication review and this would be revisited at twelve weekly intervals. All patients should be given the opportunity to discuss their medications and that we should work in partnership with patients and their families. If patients were admitted for end of life care and were only prescribed end of life medications, then they would be obvious outliers.