Thomas Edison

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Thomas Alva Edison or Al as he was usually called was the seventh and last child born to Sam and Nancy Edison in 1847 in Milan, Ohio. Edison's father dabbled in a number of things from lumber to real estate, none of them proved very profitable. As a result, the family's financial state was very shaky. Young Al was a sickly child and when combined with his talent for mischief which got him into constant trouble, he probably only attended school for a few months. His mother was very protective and took over his education. By the time he was twelve Edison had absorbed such classics as Gibbons Decline of the Roman Empire, the Dictionary of Sciences and other technical work. Reading prompted experimenting and before he was in his teens Al arranged a shelf of boxes and bottles in his cellar – his "laboratory", where he conducted "tests", and "research". Edison found work as a newsboy on a train in the early 1860's. He was struck by the value of the telegraph in transmitting news of the Civil War. News would fly between stops on the rail line. He became friendly with the stationmaster and telegrapher in Detroit who taught him Morse Code and other essentials of telegraph operations. Edison made a living as a telegrapher from Canada to Boston. He was restless and changed jobs frequently. J.B. Stearns had invented the duplex telegraph but Edison thought he could improve on it. "His work paid off, he invented a quadruplex telegraph that could send two messages in one." (Greene 47) "Edison is a utilitarian to his fingertips. He never yet invented a machine that could not be employed in everyday life." (Annals 231) Profits from the "quad" telegraph allowed him to open a combined workshop and laboratory in Menlo Park, NJ where he was "incessantly engaged in various forms of invention for more than 50 years and took out 1,033 patents." (Annals 50) The impact of the phonograph in 1877, with the suddenness of its accomplishment was spectacular. Edison considered the phonograph his greatest invention, "he spent years improving the recording as well as the reproducing apparatus. (Untermeyer 224) Edison demonstrated the phonograph before the United States Congress and then to the president of the United States, Rutherford B.

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