Theory: The purpose of this experiment was to demonstrate and better understand thin lenses. The two types of thin lenses are concave where the lens curves in and convex when the lens curves out. There are three characteristics of thin lenses, which include; a chef ray, which goes through the center of the lens and does not deviate, the parallel ray that shines parallel to the lens and is refracted through the focal point on the opposite side, lastly there is the focal ray, which shines through the focal point that is on the same side of the lens as the object and at the middle of the lens is refracted parallel to the lens. At the point where two or more reflections of the rays meet is where the image is created. A real image is one that is …show more content…
Equations:
1/do + 1/di = 1/ 1/distance from object + 1/distance from image = 1/focal length
M = -di/do magnification factor = - distance form object/distance from image
1/f = (n-1) [1/R1 +
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The only thing that changes at every distance is the size. At 55cm the image was reduced, at 36cm the object stayed the same size, and at 30cm the object was enlarged. At 10cm the image became virtual as seen by the negative image distance, which means it is also upright, the size is enlarged even more than at 30cm going form a magnification factor of -1.6 to 2.25. Therefore, the image increases in size, as the object gets closer to the lens.
All concave lenses, will make a virtual image, regardless of their distance from the object. The images will also always be upright and reduced. This is due to the fact that it is not possible for any of the rays to cross on the other side of the lens because the rays diverge or spread apart once they ass through it.
As the object is brought closer to a concave lens it always remains virtual and upright. The image distance seems to decrease slightly with the objects distance. As the object gets closer to the lens the image does get larger but always remains smaller that its actual size.
Convex lenses are able to produce both virtual and real images. The virtual image occurs when the object is very close to the lens, 10cm or less. Concave lenses can only produce virtual images because the rays cannot converge on the other
...ossessed with three dimensional attributes. The optical effect may be explained by the fact that the human eyes see an object from two viewpoints separated laterally by about six centimeters. The two views show slightly different spatial relationships between near and near distant objects and the visual process fuses these stereoscopic views to a single three dimensional impression. The same parallax view of an object may be experienced upon reflection of an object seen from a concave mirror." (http://www.freepatentsonline.com/4229761.html).
“The camera may be thought of as a comparable to the eye. The difference is
This is the distance from the lens to the camera sensor and is measured in millimeters. This distance helps to identify how much the lens can zoom towards an object in the frame without losing any detail. A short length leads to an image that comes in a wide-angle and captures more of the scene in your pictures. A long length creates a magnified image that comes with a field of view that is narrow. The focal lengths available with macro lenses can extend from 8-millimeters to around 400-millimeters.
The optical lenses of the eyes are used to focus light. The light that penetrates the lens is controlled by the iris, which constricts and dilates in response to varying light conditions. Controlling the amount of light that reaches the lens, and subsequently the photoreceptors in the pigmented retina, is not enough to adequately discern images in three dimensions. The lens is therefore responsible for adjusting to conditions based on how far away or near an object is that is being viewed. To view something relatively close, the lens is bent to form a more spherical shape by the ciliary body muscles. Likewise, to view further distanced objects, the lens must undergo accommodation
...onducted my analysis on the effects of a change in aperture size for a pinhole camera, the instructions required that four or five small holes be punched into the aluminum foil piece. Each hole should be similar to the original pinhole size. I made sure that each hole was well separated from the original hole. When viewing the image of the bulb, more light rays were able to enter, resulting in an increase in the brightness of the image. In addition, the image reverted to right-side up.
If you are farsighted, your eye does not have enough focusing power — light rays fail to form a focus point by the time they reach the retina. Contact lenses rectify hyperopia by converging light rays, which increases the eye's focusing power. This moves the eye's focus point ahead, onto the retina where it belongs. To correct farsightedness the contact lens is thicker in the center and thinner at the edges. These lenses are known as convex.
This is a representation of the eye's lens system. This eye has no eye condition, such as nearsightedness or farsightedness, and the lens is drawn in its relaxed position. The light rays are focused appropriately on the retina. The thickness of the cornea is 0.449 mm, the distance from the cornea to the lens is 2.
...isual attention within and around the field of focal attention: A zoom lens model. Attention, Perception, & Psychophysics, 40(4): 225-240.
By contrast, the cornea of an eagle is practically as clear as crystal. This together with bigger pupil and sharpened cone diameter results in a higher quality vision. This is why the visual acuity of the eagle eye is sharper. Normally, human with a perfect vision, their peripheral surface of the cornea will be flatter, and the center will be steeper which work against the paraxial ray that will arch more at peripheral fields. The “Q” factor also known as the eccentricity factor, assess the quantity of the central-periphery flattening and approximate to -0.25 in normal eye. If it shows more negative amount highlights that the cornea is steeper than normal. (1)
When light rays cannot perfectly focus while entering the eye, picture which we get becomes foggy. Normal cornea shape usually resembles the globular shape (ordinary ball), but when it is not regularly curved, it significantly changes its shape (rugby ball model).
8. Count the number of stomata you see when it is in focus (use a
A camera obscura is created using a small dark room, a small pinhole, and a concave lense.
Within the various applications of optics investigated, it is clear that while technology has progressed and advanced over time, optical devices such as mirrors, prisms and lenses will still be very much in use in the future. The fundamental properties of these instruments are utilised and manipulated in a range of optical gadgets such as telescopes and projectors. Even in areas outside of visual aid and entertainment, optical apparatuses can be used to trick the eye and even showcase 3D images, as seen in holograms. Although metamaterials used in stealth technology lack obvious uses of mirrors, prisms and lenses, knowledge of principles observed in these tools such as reflection and refraction is used in the developing stages. In can then be said that the technology is based on understanding of the three aforementioned devices.
Perhaps the greatest contribution to the astronomy was the intervention of the reflecting telescope. Further, he analyzed the properties of glass and came to the conclusion that refracting telescopes would always suffer from the noticeable aberrations. Further, the fundamental problem was the chromatic aberration. It arises from the prism-like effect, as light passes through a lens and is bent. Besides, every wavelength of the light is bent by the different amount. In essence, the red light appears to be bent more than the blue
The refracting telescope is one of many different types of telescope. Refracting telescopes work by refracting the light through an initial convex lens, (known as the objective lens), then through another convex lens (known as the eyepiece lens). These two lenses focus the light into the eyepiece so we can see the image clearly.