Theories Of Piaget And Bruner And Mental Development
analytical Essay
2424 words
Theories of Piaget and Bruner Jean Piaget was a well-known child psychologist and educator in America; he was born in Neuchatel, Switzerland, in 1896. His college and university training was in the natural sciences. Early on in his career he became fascinated with children’s intellectual development, and he spent most of his years collecting a large amount of research information relating to mental development. Piaget’s great works have produced an elaborate and comprehensive theory of how intelligence progresses. He has worked as a biologist, Swiss philosopher, psychologist, and educator. Every profession Piaget was in, he left his mark and made great contributions. His greatest impact was towards psychology and education. He preferred to …show more content…
In this essay, the author
- Explains that jean piaget was a well-known child psychologist and educator in america. his college and university training was in the natural sciences.
- Explains how piaget developed a clinical description technique while studying in binet's clinic in 1919. it involves asking children one by one different questions and recording their response.
- Explains piaget's view that human development is a process of adaption, while cognition is the highest form of adaptation.
- Explains how piaget's theory defines schemas as an activity with neurology or biology underlie that activity. assimilation is the cognitive process in which a person incorporates new perceptual matter or stimulus events into the current pattern of behavior.
- Explains that accommodation is when a new schema or an old schema is modified and the child adapts to the stimulus. assimilation and accommodation evolve the infant's inaccurate schemata into mature schemas.
- Analyzes how piaget's theory focuses mainly on cognitive development. he believes that the intellectual abilities a child inherits at different ages permits certain types of emotional behaviors.
- Explains that the sensorimotor period is when the adolescent learns through their real life experiences. objects exist to the child when they sense and interact with them.
- Explains that cause-and-effect relationships take some time to mature, so an infant may not realize that if you reach for an object you can grab it to bring it closer.
- Explains that the preoperational stage is when the infant's world consists only of his own actions. the child is unable to reverse operations, cannot follow transformations, and their perceptions are self-centered.
- Explains that preconceptual and intuitive thinking are based on ages 2-4, and a child's inability to understand properties of different classes.
- Analyzes how piaget categorized the concrete operational period into three different stages. reversibility is when a child understands that both numbers and objects can be changed, then put back in their original form.
- Analyzes how the preoperational and concrete operations stage of a child's thinking become decentered when all the significant features of different objects are taken into consideration.
- Explains that piaget's theory involves the formal operational stage, which involves ages 11 to adulthood, where the child develops the ability to figure out all classes of problems by using logical actions.
- Opines that jean piaget's theory is something that will take time and patience to understand. his distinctive clinical method created the field of developmental psychology.
- Opines that piaget's theory was a tough one to understand, but he could've put more thought into the final stage, which is formal operation.
Once the child becomes accommodated with this change, he/she can try to adjust to the stimulus. Since the structure has changed, the stimulus becomes eagerly adapted (Wadsworth, 1975, p. 16). They are both shown in two early childhood activities: play which is assimilation and imitation which is accommodation (Lefrancios, 2012). The development of both assimilation and accommodation, is what evolves the infant’s inaccurate schemata into a more mature schema over the years (Wadsworth, 1975, p. 16). The last of Piaget’s four basic perceptions is equilibrium. This is the balance between assimilation and accommodation. When disequilibrium (the imbalance between assimilation and accommodation) happens, cognitively, it provides motivation for the adolescent to seek equilibrium; when this happens it furthers assimilation or accommodation. Equilibrium’s relevance to a particular stimulus can be temporary, but it still remains important (Wadsworth, 1975, p. …show more content…
Some may consider his theory to be way too complex, because the terminology he uses is difficult to understand. But his work truly shows his devotion to understanding the forces that shape the child’s development. His theories have greatly impacted the way society views and observes children’s behaviors to their environment. Through his composite and unconventional way of approaching situations, his distinctive clinical method created the field of developmental psychology. Even through his struggle Piaget continued to engage in questions of method, throughout his first era of exploration. His work brought about theoretical concerns and a powerful attention to the logical discussion between adult researchers and children of various ages. Piaget’s method continues to mold development research and theory to this day (Mayer,
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- Jean Piaget And Vygotsky's Theory Of Intellectual Developmentcomparative essayJean Piaget and Lev Vygotsky are two of the most well known cognitive psychologists who addressed cognitive development and learning among children and youths. While there are similarities, contrasts do exist between the two theories, and those contrasts are vital to the comprehension and application of the theories, especially in an educational setting.
In this essay, the author
- Explains that educational psychology windows on classrooms, 9th edition, new jersey: pearson education.
- Explains that muthivhi, a., and broom, y. (2009) school as cultural practice: piaget and vygotsky on learning and concept development in post-apartheid south africa.
- Explains stetsenko's perspective on relational ontology and the transformative activist stance on development and learning.
- Compares jean piaget and lev vygotsky, two well-known cognitive psychologists who addressed cognitive development and learning among children and youths.
- Compares how piaget and vygotsky's research has helped the field of education by offering clarifications for cognitive learning styles and capabilities of children.
2028 wordsRead More - Jean Piaget's Theory Of Cognitive Developmentexplanatory essayThe theory of cognitive development was created by Jean Piaget. Piaget can be classified as both a constructivist and a developmental theorist. This theory describes how the quality of children’s thinking changes over time, and how a child makes a mental model of the world. Piaget disagreed with the idea that intelligence is a fixed trait. Piaget believed that a child’s cognitive development was a process, and that there were four factors that affect the quality of children’s thinking as they grow; as well as four stages of qualitatively different types of thinking through which children progress towards adulthood.
In this essay, the author
- Explains that the theory of cognitive development was created by jean piaget. he disagreed with the idea that intelligence is a fixed trait.
- Explains that piaget believed that biological maturation, activity, social experiences, and equilibration were central to children's cognitive development.
- Explains that piaget identified four stages of qualitatively different types of thinking through which children progress towards adulthood: sensorimotor, preoperational, concrete operational, and formal operational.
- Explains that the cognitive development theory is essential to understand as a teacher because children are doing certain things while learning that you may view as "annoying" or "unnecessary".
- Explains that children's rapid language development is affected by at-home and in-class storybook reading. they should be exposed to several types of children’s literature, read-alouds, and hands-on activities to stimulate their language.
- Explains that the classroom environment that contains children in the concrete operational stage, ages seven through eleven, would be vastly different. they would contain activities such as semantic organizers, and webbing.
- Explains how paget's cognitive development theory can be implemented across curriculum, including using concrete props and visual aids, making directions short, understanding egocentric thinking, and providing students with hands-on activities/practice with skills that are the building blocks to more complex skills.
- Explains that piaget's theory of cognitive development is essential to know and implement into a classroom.
965 wordsRead More - Theories Of The Four Stages Of Piaget's Cognitive Developmentargumentative essayCognitive development theory was propounded by Piaget in (1972). Piaget proposed that cognitive development from infant to young adult occurs in four universal and consecutive stages. The four stages are; sensorimotor - birth to 2 years, preoperational - 2 years to 7 years, concrete operational - 7 years to 11 years and formal operational (abstract thinking) 11 years and up. Each stage has major cognitive tasks which must be accomplished. In the sensorimotor stage, the mental structures are mainly concerned with the mastery of concrete objects. The mastery of symbols takes place in the preoperational stage. In the concrete stage, children learn mastery of classes, relations and numbers and how to reason. The last stage deals with the mastery
In this essay, the author
- Explains that piaget proposed that cognitive development from infant to young adult occurs in four universal and consecutive stages. each stage has major cognitive tasks which must be accomplished.
- Explains that piaget proposed that a child acts on his own environment for learning. social interaction takes place mainly to move the young child away from egocentricism. as part of their cognitive development, children develop schemes.
- Explains that piaget believed that individual is primary in the learning process, and that knowledge must be constructed and reconstructed by the learner.
- Argues that the relevance of cognitive development theory to this study is that learner is positioned as active, intelligent and creative constructor of their own knowledge structure. individualized instruction will enable and enhance the students to learn biology concept meaningfully.
- Explains that dual-coding theory was propounded by paivio in 1986. it postulates that both visual and verbal information is used to represent information.
- Explains the relevance of dual-coding theory to this study because visual and verbal codes can be used when recalling information. however, video has enormous potential for improving learning.
- Explains that social constructivist and cognitive development learning theory was propounded by vygotsky in 1978. he studied the growth of children from their environment and through their interaction with others.
- Posits a concept of the zone of proximal development, where children have actual developmental levels, which can be assessed by testing them individually, and an immediate potential for development within each domain.
- Explains that vygotsky incorporated the importance of social interactions and a co-constructed knowledge base to the theory of cognitive development.
901 wordsRead More - Jean Piaget Learning Theoryexplanatory essayJean Piaget is a Switzerland psychologist and biologist who understand children’s intellectual development. Piaget is the first to study cognitive development. He developed the four stages of cognitive development: the sensori-motor stage, preoperational stage, the concrete operational and the formal operational stage. Piaget curiosity was how children cogitate and developed. As they get mature and have the experience, children’s will get knowledgeable. He suggested that children develop schemas so they can present the world. Children’s extend their schemas through the operation of accommodation and assimilation.
In this essay, the author
- Explains that jean piaget is a switzerland psychologist and biologist who understands children's intellectual development. he developed the four stages of cognitive development: sensori-motor, preoperational, concrete operational and formal operational.
- Explains that children develop sensori-motor stage, from birth to two years old, which notices that they change from reflex behaviors and become alert of object perpetuity by using schemas to explore see the sights of situations.
- Explains that children's languages expand and learn on how things come into sight to them. concrete operational stages are children aged seven to eleven. they develop the ability to categorize objects and how they relate to one another.
- Explains that formal operational stage begins in adolescence and is characterized by logical though. it involves youth being capable to reflect of what they think, create theories on various states, such as anxiety or depression.
- Explains that piaget defined schema as a cohesive, repeatable action sequence possessing component actions that are tightly interconnected and governed by core meaning.
- Explains that wadsworth (2004) suggests that schema is the thought of an index cards filed in the brain, each one telling an individual how to react to incoming stimuli or information. piaget viewed intellectual growth as a process of adaptation to the world through the operations of assimilation and accommodation.
- Explains how piaget's theory can be applied to learning and education. he developed four stages of cognitive development: sensori-motor, preoperational, concrete operational, and formal operational stage.
- Cites arrington, e. g., and bandura, a.
- Analyzes how piaget's theory describes teachers college record, 84 (2), 453-476, and ebsco online database education research complete.
- Explains piaget, cook, and porton's book, adolescent behavior and society: a book of readings.
872 wordsRead More - Jean Piaget's Stages Of Cognitive Developmentexplanatory essayJean Piaget was a successful and inspirational man. He is known all over the world and has contributed to the fields of psychology, sociology, philosophy, and education. Jean was born in Switzerland in 1896 to Arthur Piaget, a professor of literature at the University. He developed an interest in psychoanalysis at the University of Zurich. He was employed at the Binet Institute where he realized through his studies that there are differences in the way children and adults think. Piaget developed four stages of cognitive development. He was very interested in the way children think and so he did many case studies. Jean Piaget formed a theory of cognitive development that deals with “the process of coming to know and the stages we move through
In this essay, the author
- Describes jean piaget as a successful and inspirational man who has contributed to the fields of psychology, sociology, philosophy, and education.
- Explains that piaget studied children from infants to teenage years and did interviews with the older kids.
- Explains that piaget's cognitive theory has three components: schemas, adaption process, equilibrium, assimilation, accommodation, and stages of development.
- Explains that schemas help tell a person how to react to new or incoming information or situations. schemas are extremely important in cognitive development.
- Explains that adaptation deals with the adjustment to the world. there are three stages: assimilation, accommodation, and equilibration.
- Explains that piaget came up with four stages that each kid must go through in the same order. these stages were universal and happened all over no matter the culture or society.
- Explains that piaget states that we are born with a "very basic mental structure" and that infants have reflexes that control their behavior.
- Explains that the sensorimotor stage starts at birth and ends around the age of two years old. infants at this stage lack object permanence, deferred imitation, and can move onto the next stage.
- Explains that the preoperational stage is concerned with toddlers and young kids ages 2-7. they start to use symbols and develop language abilities, but egocentrism plays a big role.
- Explains that concrete operations stage is characterized by the development of logical thought. they understand concepts like transitivity, seriation, decentering, reversibility and classification.
- Explains that the formal operational stage deals with adolescence and adults. they can logically think and understand abstract ideas, and also use deductive reasoning. piaget believed this was the last stage of cognitive development.
- Explains piaget's theory of cognitive development involves the nature and progression of human intelligence. it deals with how humans come to acquire, construct, and use knowledge.
- Analyzes how his theory has made an enormous impact on education. some critics believe that his three children are an unrepresentative sample.
- Opines that piaget's research and findings shaped the way we view children. his work gave us a basis for teaching.
1479 wordsRead More - Piaget And Vygotsky Compare And Contrastopinionated essayPiaget’s stage theory of cognitive development demonstrates a child’s cognitive ability through a series of observational studies of simple tests. According to Piaget, a child’s mental structure, which is genetically inherited and evolved, is the basis for all other learning and knowledge. Piaget’s
In this essay, the author
- Explains that jean piaget and lev vygotsky are arguably two of the most noted and influential developmental psychologists. their contributions to the field of developmental psychology have several similarities.
- Explains that laurenco, piaget and vygotsky have similarities in their theories of developmental psychology: 1) developmental perspective; 2) dialectical approach; 3) non-reductionist view;
- Explains that piaget and vygotsky agree that a developmental perspective is necessary in order to understand complex psychological processes.
- Explains that by understanding piaget and vygotsky's theories of cognitive development, educators can better understand the processes by which children learn.
- Explains that piaget and vygotsky have beneficial theories to cognitive development in children. although their theories differ slightly, their similarities point to children developing from simple to complex based on their experiences and relationships with others.
- Opines that piaget and vygotsky: many resemblances and a crucial difference. new ideas in psychology, 30(3).
- Explains piaget's stage theory of cognitive development, which focuses mainly on children and peer-to-peer interactions for development while proposing stages of development marked by qualitative differences.
- Compares the views of piaget and vygotsky on the autonomous and heteronomous aspects of development within the world.
867 wordsRead More - Jean Piaget: The Man Behind the Lab Coatanalytical essayJean Piaget's legacy is one that has affected a wide disparity of disciplines. Commonly acknowledged as one of the foremost psychologists of the 20th century, certainly the premiere child developmental psychologist, Piaget preferred to be referred to as a genetic epistemologist. This is because he identified child psychology as being limited to merely the study of the child, whereas his main focus was the study of the origins, characteristics, and limitations of knowledge, usually as seen in the development in children. It has been said of him that "he approached questions up until then exclusively philosophical, in a resolutely empirical manner, and made epistemology (the study of knowledge), into a science separate from philosophy, but related to all of the human sciences." (Gruber and Voneche, 18)
In this essay, the author
- Explains that jean piaget was born august 9, 1896, in neuchatel, switzerland. he was influenced by the great thinkers of that period, especially their views on evolutionary development.
- Explains that jean piaget was the oldest of three children, and the only boy. he grew up in an environment conducive to learning.
- Explains that piaget was uncertain about where he wanted to go from there, and that his doctorate in zoology didn't satisfy him. he spent a few years in paris, which satisfied gardener's definition of marginality.
- Analyzes how piaget was an inveterate writer of almost everything that he thought about, and in fact published nearly everything.
- Explains piaget's interest in the build-up of a basic framework of thought about knowledge. his early work emphasized cognitive development in infancy and childhood.
- Analyzes how piaget's theory of cognitive development was based on observations of his own children.
- Explains that children believe that the lines under choice b are not the same length as those under option a.
- Summarizes piaget's theory of cognitive development, and the way he went about developing this theory, demonstrate his high ability in three of gardner’s categories of multiple intelligence.
- Explains that jean piaget accomplished a vast number of psychological investigations during his lifetime, demonstrating the childhood origins of human knowledge in areas such as logic, mathematics, perception, science, language, time, and much more.
- Opines that piaget's work is admired by most developmental psychologists, and that his methods of collecting data about children stimulated other scientists into conducting new research.
- Describes gruber, h. e., & voneche, j.
- Explains kitchener, r. f., piaget's theory of knowledge. new haven and london: yale university press.
- States that neufeld, e. m., the philosophy of jean piaget and its educational implications, new jersey: general learning press.
- Explains that jean piaget's legacy has affected a wide disparity of disciplines. he was an interdisciplinary thinker, utilizing what he learned in one arena, in the other.
- Explains that piaget was a member of the friends of nature and published his first scientific paper on the albino sparrow. he had difficulty separating religion from science.
- Opines that piaget had strong inter-personal skills, as he was able to interact well with others and put them at ease.
- Explains that piaget moved to geneva, where he studied children in a more "normal" school setting. he also worked briefly as an university teacher and co-director of the jean-jacques rousseau institute.
- Analyzes how piaget characterized the sensorimotor stage of intellectual development, lasting from birth to two years old, as belonging to the period of preoperational thought.
- Explains that piaget demonstrated a very high intrapersonal intelligence, and that he was able to utilize his knowledge of self and adapt it to explain the behavior of others.
- Analyzes how piaget's theories have influenced many educators. he disagreed strongly with many of the education systems of his day, and suggested that teachers take into consideration the level of intellectual growth.
- Argues that piaget's observations have revolutionized our thinking about children, and his intermixture of these abilities would have caused him to do well no matter what.
- Explains that athey, i. j., and rubadeau, d. o. (1970) educational implications of piaget's theory.
4548 wordsRead More - Jean Piaget Contribution To Psychologyexplanatory essayPiaget’s contribution to psychology helped create a better understanding of cognitive thinking and development. In addition, his contribution has set the stage for many other psychologists down the road by giving him/her the necessary outline to work off of. Most studies today work off...
In this essay, the author
- Explains that jean piaget, a biologist and psychologist, was born on august 9, 1986, in neuchatel switzerland. his mother coddled his neurotic tendencies while his father modeled passionate learning to his craft.
- Opines that piaget's contribution to psychology helped create a better understanding of cognitive thinking and development.
- Explains that piaget's model explored the vital stages of childhood development through cognition. the sensorimotor stage focuses on the age range of birth to age two.
- Explains piaget's concept called "schema" focused on the thinking process within the multiple stages of child development.
- Explains that piaget's theories have touched areas such as education, psychology, genetics, and sociology. paiget’s theory assisted with the clarity of why childhood is important to human development.
622 wordsRead More - Jean Piaget Theoryexplanatory essayIn the first stage, children will undergo the process of assimilation where they will be using their existing schema to handle a new situation or something new when felt. In the second stage, they will go through the accommodation process in which if their existing schema does not work, it will be ‘upgraded’ or changed with newly acquired knowledge. During the third stage of adaptation process, they will go through the stage of equilibration when external pressure from knowledge acquire is being used to modify prior knowledge. This only happens when children are able to allow their existing schemas to handle new information through the first process, assimilation. The last of Piaget’s theory is the stages of development. We will look at the first two stages which are the sensorimotor and preoperational stages. During the stage of sensorimotor which happens during the first two years from birth, they will undergo a key feature of knowing and having object permanence that also means that if a particular object was hidden or covered by a cloth, he or she will be able to actively search for it. The preoperational stage takes place from two years of age till they are of seven years old. During this stage, children will be building up their incidents or encounters through adaptation and slowly move on to the next stage of the development as they are not able to
In this essay, the author
- Opines that a teacher must be cognizant of each child's progression before conducting the class. this will help the teacher plan and organize the lesson materials and lesson time appropriately.
- Explains that jean piaget's stages of cognitive development suggest that children have four different phases of mental development. he believes in children being scientists by experimenting things and making observations with their senses.
- Explains that children undergo three different stages of intellectual growth: assimilation, accommodation, and equilibration. sensorimotor and preoperational stages are the first two stages.
- Explains vygotsky's cultural-historical theory of cognitive development, which focuses on speech and reasoning in children.
910 wordsRead More - Jean Piaget's Theory On The Mental Stages Of Childrenexplanatory essayJean Piaget (1896-1980) was an influential experimenter and theorist in the field of development psychology and cognitive theory. Jean Piaget developed highly influential theories on the mental stages of children. He is best known for his pioneering work in child development.
In this essay, the author
- Describes jean piaget as an influential experimenter and theorist in the field of development psychology and cognitive theory. he is best known for his pioneering work in child development.
- Explains that jean piaget was born in neuchatel, switzerland on august 9, 1896. he was the oldest child of arthur and rebecca.
- Explains how piaget's interest in mechanics, birds, and fossils increased as he grew older. he declined to continue his education and studied psychology at the university of zurich.
- Describes piaget's work with theodore simon at the alfred binet laboratory in paris in 1920.
- Explains that piaget's studies altered the mindset of most people into believing that young children think in a different way compared to adults.
- Explains the three basic components of piaget's cognitive theory: schemas, equilibration, assimilation, accommodation, and the stages of development.
- Explains that piaget identified the four stages of mental development: sensorimotor, pre-operation, concrete operational, and formal operations.
- Explains that piaget received many honors and awards from oxford and harvard universities, including the prestigious erasmus and balzan. he was wanted by universities to teach his study on childhood development and learning.
884 wordsRead More