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tourist motivation theory
explain what is meant by motivation in travel and tourism
tourist motivation theory
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Tourism industry has developed a lot in the last few decades (Cooper & Hall, 2008). In order to maintain and increase this development, the industry has to identify and understand tourists’ needs and motivations factors that force them to travel. Tourists had basic needs, which were continuously increasing and also changing form throughout the years. According to Maslow’s theory (1970) while basic needs are satisfied, motivations are created and determined by the following level. Motivation factors (motivators) are the factors, which are pushing or pulling a traveller to take a trip/holiday and those that make the tourist’s purchase desirable. There are factors that stimulate, motivate and ‘influence’ the traveller to take that particular kind …show more content…
Many theorists and academics have tried to explain these motivations and conducted various and different theories of motivators, based on tourists’ choices and typologies of their behaviours, which will be discussed more in-depth in this paper. Nonetheless, there is still confusion whether these theories can be applicable in practice and have accurate data and results (Holloway&Humphreys, 2012). In the following essay, a comprehensive literature review is conducted which will initially develop a definition and evaluation of important theories of travel motivations and typologies of tourist behaviour; then, it will continue by assessing if those theories are applicable in practice, in relation to the available tourism data and how efficiently can be supported and …show more content…
Push factors are socio-psychological motivations that “propel the desire to travel” where pull factors are “external factors that influence the person to travel as to fulfill their needs and desires” and attract a person to choose a travel destination (Brown, 2005; Page& Connell, 2014: 56). Many theorists applied the push and pull factors to their motivation studies and some specified motivations even more. For example, Crompton (1979) and Ryan(1991) (cited in Holloway&Hymphreys, 2012) classify the push factors to be: the need to escape and go away form the everyday routine, to take a break from the duties and work, the need to relax and recuperate, to explore other environments and for inner explore and self-fulfillment, also the need to gain prestige and status, the need for social integration and to strengthen relationships and family bonds. Pull factors are defined as the attractive factors of a destination, the reasons that enhance a destination: image or comforts and the need or expectation of novelty and education (Richardson& Fluker,2004 cited in Brown,2005). Additionally, the desire to take part in a recreational pursuit and reasons such VFR, attracting facilities, ideal weather, amenities, special events and accessible
Urry, John, The tourist gaze: Leisure and Travel in Contemporary Societies 2nd Ed (London, 2002).
Vargas-Sánchez, A., Porras-Bueno, N., Plaza-Mejía, M. 2011. Explaining Residents’ Attitudes to Tourism: Is a Universal Model Possible?, Annals of Tourism Research, Vol 38, Issue 2, pp. 460-80.
The tourist industry has changed by a large amount, over the past few years due to the change in peoples’ life style and the change in the economy. Now that people earn much more money than in the past people can afford to spend more money on leisure. People now have the benefits of a paid holiday which leads to a lot of tourism as the individual gets his/her holiday money from their work place.
Desire for more novel, adventurous, and authentic forms of tourism experience, social content and the humanization of tourism activities.
Tourism, in many developed countries, has reached a point of maturity where resorts which flouris...
Beckmann, C. (2017, January 31). Research Reveals Adventure Travelers Primarily Motivated by Transformation. Retrieved from Adventure Travel News: https://www.adventuretravelnews.com/research-reveals-adventure-travelers-primarily-motivated-by-transformation
For the introduction, brief information regarding my purchase and the travel and tourism industry is presented. It was then followed by the explanation of the 2 chosen theories from two different chapters.
46). Motivation directly influences the overall assessment of a tourism activity (Ryan, 2002b) and sets the stage for forming people’s goals (Mansfeld, 2000). As it is reflected in both travel choice and travel behaviour, it influences the tourists’ expectations towards a destination, which in turn determine the perception of their experience of the destination. Motivation is therefore a determinant of satisfaction (Gnoth, 1997). This is also reiterated by Garcia-Mas and Garcia-Mas (2005) pinpointing that motivation exists when a person is able to create an impulse that leads to a need, which in turn creates a feeling of satisfaction until the created need has been satisfied. In tourism, travel needs and motivations reinforce the first expectations of a tourism activity and can even influence its final outcome (Quinlan Cutler & Carmichael,
Past travel experience has the potentiality to impact visitors’ attitude (Huang and Hsu, 2009). Gomez-Jacinto, Martin-Garcia and Bertiche-Haud’Huyze (1999) proposed that tourist experience consists of intercultural interaction, travel activities, quality of service and overall satisfaction, whereas Sonmez and Graefe (1998) used the number of international travels as a way to measure travel experience (Huang and Hsu, 2009). Past travel experience could have both positive and negative impact on future visit intention (Huang and Hsu, 2009). It was suggested that travel experience and visitors’ revisit intention have a positive relationship (e.g., Gomez-Jacinto, Martin-Garcia, and Bertiche-Haud’Huyze 1999; Sonmez and Graefe
Tourism is an important and intricate element to society. It affects economical, social, cultural and environmental elements. Tourism can be argued to have a negative impact on the environment and decrease our already depleting resources, but tourism can also be argued to be a major contributor to strengthening economies, spread cultural traditions and improve people’s lives. Tourism
Cunha (1997) ADD that there have always have several tourist motivations to travel, by religious, commercial message , sport, leisure time or the simpleton desire to know other people and cultures. To further improve the outgrowth and ontogenesis of touristry , Mack (1995) highlighted the following variables: the oncoming of motor traffic , the augmentation of paid leave of absence , the trend of yearly genuine wages, the leaning to a specific monetary smoothing, reduction of hours work and the increase of free metre available, the growth of life anticipation , the changes and the similarity of some present professions. Gary Cooper , John Fletcher , Wanhill, Gb and Shepherd (1998) concludes that touristry diligence is a major economic action worldwide, and is currently a basic action for different nations and district with a nonstop development of this movement in the course of Recent epoch years (Krippendorf, 1989). Beni (2003) considered that all tourism activities that make up the tourism, hotel is one of the most important sub-sphere , with the trapping to establish itself as a key fruit component of this activeness in stoppage ing the bit of hotel establishment , while growing tourist activity (Batista, 2003). Pine tree (1995) considered that the tourism, hotel is one of the important
Prayag, G. (2009) Tourist Evaluation of Destination Image, Satisfaction and Future, Behavioural Intention. Journal of Travel and tourism marketing, 26(8), 826-853
When people travel to a destination, they sure have some motivation to motivate them to make the decision. ‘Motivation’ is the key term that will make the tourist to consider the reason to travel around. During the decision making process, people will consider some of the reasons before they confirm travel to a destination. The research that has conducted in The Netherland found out a remarkably high propensity to travel, 70% of the populations are taking one holiday per year and 24% was taking two holidays per year for holiday. Some of the people will affect their decision making by looking at destination image or some of the impact advertising. On the internet, business people will use image and advertising to attract tourist to travel to the destination by using image that they edit before. This is part of the marketing to promote their country to tourist. For family traveler, they will consider the distance and transportation travel to the destination. When go for travel, tourist will bring the whole family to travel. Then, they will consider old people who travel long journey are very hard for them. If one of the family members are senior citizen, they need to consider their healthy. Some of the senior citizen cannot take long journey, such as they have sickness. Bring children go for holiday also need to be consider. Some of the children will afraid of the highest in the plane, so they will feel uncomfortable. There is plenty of reason need to consider before making any decision to travel. For understanding tourist motivation and decision making is for two main reason, planning consideration and economic consideration. (Page & Connell, 2009) Before the tourist travel to a destination, they need to think about culture, climat...
The motives for such travel may be leisure (recreation, holidays, health, studies, religion, and sports): business, family, mission, and meeting”. (Talwar, 2006)1
In recent years, tourism marketing has gone through strategic changes with the improvement in new technologies, the chase of a relationship between customers and suppliers as well as the importance of sustainability issues in marketing. Marketing Tourism reconsiders the needs of the tourists but does not overlook on the long term economic, environmental, social and cultural interests of the local population. So, it means that marketing consider both the tourist demand and effect to society as