. HOW SOCIETY IS PRESENTED IN ACT ONE OF ‘A DOLLS HOUSE’
Over the past few decades, criticism has shifted its focus from things in themselves to the relationship between things. As society, or the social, has become an increasingly dominant force in terms of critical criteria, we have come to view literary characters in terms of their reflecting the society in which they live or lived. In the following article then, we examine the characters and their relationship both to each other and to the world they live in in the opening act of Henrik Ibsen’s A Doll’s House [1879] , a play noted for its naturalistic character , in order to gain a better understanding of the society which Ibsen set out to articulate in his drama. In the process we discover a society characterised by deceit, prejudice and social constraints.
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Following a fairly traditional structure, the first act acts as exposition, setting out the key elements that will drive the coming drama. The reader soon learns that the major issues surround the lead female player – Nora – and her relationship with her husband, Torvald, who treats her throughout in a decidedly patronising and child-like manner: “Is my little squirrel bustling about?” he questions in the beginning aspect of the conversation and he later refers her to his “poor little girl” . Furthermore, the viewer is attracted to to the elements of deception that essentially underpin both the relationship between the Helmers themselves and between them and the secondary characters: “Speak low”, Nora urges at one point, “Suppose Torvald were to hear”
Love in literature can be deceiving; severely blinding even the best of moral judgement. Memories are slurred into massive orgies of embellished happiness. Excruciating pain is condoned through the idea that tolerance is a sacrifice for “love”, whilst creating obstinate aspirations that prove to be delusional. There is this existing normality of grief to be associated with the act of “altruism” or “compassion”, however, when the vision of this so-called “love” is purloined, the only consolation left is a state of torment. Written moralities are forced to endure a slur of emotions that would utterly destroy the soul of a person. However, these stages of Grief; denial, anger, bargaining, depression, and acceptance, are essential to finding
The author clearly reveals the imbalance in power within the Helmer’s marriage. When Torvald addresses his wife, he continuously reinforces his dominance by calling her belittling pet names such as, “my little lark… my squirrel” (Ibsen 1190-1191). Only when Nora is being criticized does her husband address her by her name. Torvald condemns her for being wasteful with money, and connects it with the fact that she is a woman. Nora endures constant ridicule for her “feminine” acts of squandering money, “Nora, how like a woman… you little prodigal” (Ibsen 1191-1192). Throughout the play, Ibsen reiterates “little” to expose Torvalds’s repetitive disparaging of Nora’s character. But not only does Nora continue to allow the condescending treatment, she responds by acting helpless and in need of proper guidance. When discussing the responsibilities of women in the Victorian era, Hsin Ying Chi, English instructor at Troy State University, points out, “Her first duty is to be a submissive wife who loves and obeys her husband” (par. 27). In A Doll’s House, Nora represents the “traditional” subordinate house wife who solely exists to please her husband. She is shown to be oblivious to any outside issues, and it is apparent to the reader that Nora is completely dependent upon Torvald. Therefore, as a Victorian women, Nora must blindly follow her husband’s
I find the metaphorical meanings in particular, quite supplementary to the overall plot, as well as the irony that sets us up for tense situations in which any drama should do. Directly after the title of the drama, we are immediately primed with the social standards of the time as the first character is listed: “Torvald Helmer - a lawyer,” and underneath his name: “Nora - his wife.” She above all else is first a wife and a mother; these titles assume her primary duties and responsibilities. Nora however is not much more than a “trophy wife” to Mr. Helmer and a playmate to her children. Torvald refers to her with what seem to be degrading nick...
Henrik Ibsen paints a sad picture of the sacrificial role of women throughout all social economical classes in his play “A Doll House”. The story is set in the late 19th century and all minor female characters had to overcome adversity to the expense of love, family and self-realization, in order to lead a comfortable life. While the main female protagonist Nora struggles with her increasingly troubled marriage, she soon realizes, she needs to change her life to be happy as the play climaxes. Her journey to self-discovery is achieved by the threat of her past crime and her oppressing husband, Torvald and the society he represents. The minor female characters exemplifying Nora’s ultimate sacrifice.
Henrik Ibsen’s “A Doll’s House” is a controversial play focusing on the marriage of Nora and Torvald Helmer. The play is filled with symbols that represent abstract ideas and concepts. These symbols effectively illustrate the inner conflicts that are going on between the characters. Henrik Ibsen’s use of symbolism such as the Christmas tree, the locked mailbox, the Tarantella, Dr. Rank’s calling cards, and the letters allows him to give a powerful portrayal to symbolize aspects of characters and their relationship to each other.
At the beginning of the play, Nora and Helmer’s relationship appears to be a typical marriage in the 1800s. Helmer, as the man, is the head of the house and Nora is portrayed as the naïve, “spendthrift” wife who has no dealings with the financial situation of the family. However, as the story evolves, a different side of Nora emerges. She attempts to conform to society’s views of gender roles in order to keep her “beautiful and happy home” and fears that telling her husband about what she did will “completely upset the balance of [their] relationship” (891). ...
At first glance, one might think that the Helmers have a successful marriage—but only at a superficial level. Once we delve beyond the comfort of middle-class security, we see that the foundation of the marriage is built on the utter subservience of the woman. Additionally, Nora’s actions show that—with good reason—she does not truly respect her husband’s value system. Her day is filled with constant acts of subterfuge—some minor, like sneaking macaroons, and some of the utmost importance, like paying back a loan that saved her husband’s life. No matter the level, deceit is a constant in the relationship. This outwardly typical, happy marriage is anything but. In fact, the interactions between husband and wife serve a specific purpose: they illustrate the banality of the discourse between the two. Torvald does not address his wife regarding any subject of substance. Instead, he bestows her with pet names that often begin with the personal pronoun “my” and often include the diminutive “little”: “Is that my little lark?” In this respect, Torvald may think he is flattering his wife. However, he is actually reducing her to a cute, harmless pet—one that is clearly owned. And like a pet, Nora is expected to obey her owner/husband and his petty tyrannical r...
The first act is an exposition. The first act is more or less shows the lifestyle of families in the 19th century and the domestic problems at that time. In my opinion, Nora has gone through a kind of personal awakening. She 's come to the conclusion that she 's not a fully realized person. She has to spend some time figuring out who she is as an individual or she will never be anything more than someone 's pretty little doll. This would be impossible under the smothering presence of Torvald. She must force herself to face the world
Henrik Ibsen’s A Doll’s House is often proclaimed as one of his more “realistic” plays that that is famous for its controversial themes and outrageously new outlook on life in this time period and examines the social facade, pretence and hypocrisy within society through Torvald’s and Nora’s marriage. However, considering the portrayal of Nora and the exposure of society’s deepest, darkest secrets that provoked an extreme response from the performance’s original audience, perhaps Ibsen’s realist play should be considered as “antirealism” due to the unthinkable direction Ibsen took the play in within it’s final scenes. The ending to the play is often classified as anti-realist due to how very unrealistic that scenario would be for that time era, causing an uproar from critics and society. Ibsen uses A Doll’s House as a way to uncover and reveal to the audiences the corruption and dynamiter of all social and economic deceit and
Shakespeare one of the most well-known writers created the idea that shiny things aren 't necessarily precious things. Over time this idea was reworded into the common everyday quote “All that glitters is not gold”. With new wording Shakespeare’s once literal meaning of his idea, is now defined as the attractive external appearance of something is not a reliable indication of its true nature. Many years after Shakespeare’s time Mark Ibsen incorporated “all that glitters is not gold” in his play A Doll’s House. Throughout his play Ibsen express the theme appearance vs reality to his audience. He creates characters whose initial appearance is completely different to their true personality. At the beginning of the play the main characters create
If drama is tension, then Henrik Ibsen’s A Doll’s House must be an all-out war, with Ibsen taking on the role of a Realistic Period Patton. The play, first published in 1879, tells the story of Nora, a middle-aged house wife living in a society in which she has no rights or voice. However, with disregard to societal norms and the law, Nora forges her father’s signature to borrow money so that she and her family may go on a vacation that is responsible for saving her husband’s life. With Nora’s action unbeknownst to him, Nora’s husband, Torvald, fires the man from whom Nora loaned the money. Ibsen foreshadows, introduces, and resolves the conflict flowingly, leaving the reader in suspense throughout the entire play.
“A Doll’s House” is unique in a way that it seems to explore aspects of feminism, such as the independent woman, although critics and Ibsen himself would have argued otherwise considering it to be more of a social commentary centred upon role playing in society. For this very reason, “A Doll’s House” can be seen as being relevant to twenty-first century society, since society will always attempt group people together, whether categorizing by gender, morality or wealth. The very fact that the themes presented were controversial during the Ibsen’s time, and are yet of concern in modern society make it one of the most influential plays ever written.
In Henrik Ibsen’s “A Doll’s House”, characters are constantly changing their identity. Nora opens up the play by presenting her childish mind to Torvald. Always being in control, Torvald see’s Nora only as a child and not ever being serious. Her father and Torvald brainwashed her mind to act like a cute puppet to them. She pretends to be vulnerable to him to receive attention and money. Nora’s true self is hidden deep underneath herself waiting to appear. Because of unfortunate events in the play, Nora will stop at nothing to receive what is rightfully hers as her sense shifts from Torvald’s joking wife, into a self-empowering, prepared woman.
In the beginning of the play, the reader is introduced to the Helmer household on Christmas eve; Nora purchases a Christmas tree to be used as the main ornament in the house and brings it in to be decorated. Shortly after, Torvald, her husband, approaches her by referring to her as his “little lark”(12) and his “little squirrel”(12). Shortly after, Torvald criticizes Nora for eating a macaroon: “Not nibbling sweets?..Not even taken a bite at a macaroon or two?”(14). Torvald “was only joking”(15). Perhaps it was the way the couple communicated at all times, but Torvald’s teasing is also manipulative. Nora seems to believe anything Torvald tells her; as naive as she is, she believes Torvald is only playing with her. However, as the man of the house, he does cause Nora to consistently ask for his approval, or fear his rejection: “I should not think of going against your wishes”(15), Nora says.
Although Ibsen portrays A Doll House as a Realistic play due to the societal problems, which include women, illnesses, and laws; he attempts to address society and cause change within the Norwegian society without openly talking about these issues. The actions of characters, such as Nora, represent the fact that an individual can make progress in societal reform. Therefore, Ibsen’s identification and attempt to change society symbolizes a Realistic desire of finding solutions to problems. The ultimate goal of Realism is to better everyday life for the majority of people, while trying to deepen the understanding of society’s problems.