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gender roles in kate chopins the awakening
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The Awakening: Leaving the Social Norm
In the 1800’s, if women were to act differently then what was the “social norm” it was taken to be either an act of defiance or mental illness, which explains the negative critiques following the release of The Awakening deeming it as immoral, it was so controversial that it was later censored. The Awakening written by Kate Chopin in 1899 speaks of sin, lust, freedom from social constraints and the journey of finding one’s self; these ideas are shown through Edna’s actions and her relationships with men.
The beginning of the book is set at Grand Isle towards the Gulf of Mexico, which explains the frequent visits to the beach. Chopin describes the sea as seductive, never ceasing, whispering, clamoring, murmuring, inviting the soul to wander for a spell in abysses of solitude (Chopin 41). Edna Pontellier is petrified of the ocean and does not know how to swim, the ocean symbolizes freedom and the immersion of self which confuses and scares Edna because at that time she had not gone through her awakening, but in the end it was the ocean that compelled her to begin her awakening.
In the 1800s, the number one priority of a woman was their children and husband. Women were used to worshiping their kids and catering to their husbands (Chopin 16). For Edna it was different, yes she loved her husband and children dearly but she felt much oppressed by them. In The Awakening the first look at Edna’s oppression is the night when Leonce comes from Klein’s Hotel and he starts telling Edna all sorts of stories, but Edna is only half awake so she barely pays attention, and Leonce thought it was very discouraging for his wife the sole object of his existence showed little interest in things concerning him (Cho...
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...she yearns for because the love of her life tells her that he has wild dreams of her being his wife (Chopin 129 ) and Edna has already made it clear that she will never belong to another but to herself (Chopin 100) and after Finding the note that Robert leaves at her door it is then Edna finally realizes that she is alone in her awakening (Chopin 185) and the only path to freedom is the ocean so she lets it all go as she takes her own life and finally sets herself free (Chopin 190).
Works Cited
Chopin, Kate. The Awakening. 1 ed. New York: H.S. Stone & Co., 1899. Print.
Wolff, Cynthia Griffin. "Un-Utterable Longing: The Discourse of Feminine Sexuality in The Awakening." Studies in American Fiction 24.1 (Spring 1996): 3-23. Rpt. in Twentieth-Century Literary Criticism. Ed. Janet Witalec. Vol. 127. Detroit: Gale, 2002. Literature Resource Center. Web. 19 May 2014.
Edna learning to swim while at Grand Isle is significant. At first, a certain ungovernable dread hung about her when she was in the water, unless there was a hand (presumably a man’s) near by that might reach out and reassure her.19 As she gains confidence, like a “little tottering, stumbling, clutching child, who of a sudden realizes its powers”20 she swims farther out than she has before, though her husband is watching from the beach to reassure her when she admits she thought she might not make it back to land. It isn’t until after she returns to New Orleans that she becomes fully aware of herself and the hopeless situation she is in. She attempts independence, moving out of the family home and into a smaller one in a slightly worse part of town. She tries to nurture her artistic inclinations and beings an affair with a local playboy, but continues to be dissatisfied with life. Adele Ratignolle’s domestic bliss depresses her, and shortly after his return Robert quickly abandons her, supposedly with the best of intentions. Driven back to Grand Isle where her awakening began, “like some new-born creature,”21 Edna swims out to sea with no intention of returning. She admits to herself that one affair would lead to another, and she would eventually forget Robert.
The main question Chopin ponders in this novel is can a woman have both a marriage and children while fulfilling an independent life. Although the ending is not a very happy one, it shows the process of a woman struggling for self-survival. The Awakening shows Edna at the mercy of a devoted husband, a hot climate, a Creole lifestyle, and the restricted expectations of a particular class of Louisiana women.
We first meet Edna on her way back from a swim with Robert Lebrun, as Chopin begins to establish Edna’s burgeoning transformation in the context of her relationship with Robert and to the sea. While Robert and Edna’s relationship develops, Edna becomes increasingly dissatisfied with her marriage to Léonce Pontellier and her traditional roles as wife and mother to her two children, Rauol and Etienne. Edna learns to swim, takes up painting, befriends Madame Reisz, an eccentric old woman that plays the piano, and moves into her own house. After Robert leaves for Mexico, she engages in an affair with Alceé Arobin, until Robert returns and they affirm their love for one another. However, Robert, afraid of the social repercussions of their affair, leaves town. As a result of losing Robert, failing to find fulfillment in her life without a man, and failing to reconcile her roles as a good and faithful wife and mother while becoming an artist and falling in love, Edna commits suicide by drowning herself in the sea.
The Awakening sheds light on the desire among many women to be independent. Throughout the novel Edna conducts herself in a way that was disavowed by many and comes to the realization that her gender prevented her from pursuing what she believed would be an enjoyable life. As the story progresses Edna continues to trade her family obligations for her own personal pleasures. This behavior would not have been accepted and many even criticize the novel for even speaking about such activities. Kate Chopin essentially wrote about everything a women couldn’t do. Moreover, it also highlights the point that a man is able to do everything Edna did, but without the same
In the late 1800's, as well as the early 1900's, women felt discriminated against by men and by society in general. Men generally held discriminatory and stereotypical views of women. Women had no control over themselves and were perceived to be nothing more than property to men. They were expected to live up to a perfect image that society had created, while trying to comply with their husbands' desires. While many women felt dissatisfied with their lives, they would not come out and say it. However, in 1899, Kate Chopin wrote The Awakening, which showed women that they were not alone. This novel showed the discriminatory views and treatment towards women. It also distinctly indicates the dissatisfaction that women felt in their lives. Because of the roles that society has given them, women are not able to seek and fulfill their own psychological and sexual drives. In The Awakening, Chopin uses Edna Pontellier to show that women do not want to be restricted by the roles that society has placed on them.
In chapter VI, Edna begins to respond to this voice inside of her, “The voice of the sea is seductive, never ceasing, whispering, clamoring, murmuring, inviting the soul to wander in abysses of solitude ... to lose itself in mazes of inward contemplation” (14). The very sight and sound of the sea entices her. The author depicts the sea as an invigorating object that gives Edna life. The sea embodies Edna and gives her the confidence to express her feelings. Even the sight of the sea, empowers Edna. This is the first time where Chopin displays Edna’s amelioration towards society. In previous chapters Edna hesitates from communicating her opinions, “When it came her turn to read it, she did so with profound astonishment...It was openly criticised... Mrs. Pontellier gave over being astonished, and concluded that wonders would never cease.” (11). Women were expected to conform to societal norms and remain subservient but Edna ceased to live her life this way. Chapter VI opens her eyes to the issues of society that prevented women from freely living, "Mrs. Pontellier was beginning to realize her position in the universe as a human being, and to recognize her relations as an individual to the world and within around her.”(14). Through listening, smelling and hearing the sea, Edna grasps her craving for a life where she is considered a human being rather than
With her mind already gone, Edna's body begins to swim out into the sea, not caring about what lies ahead: "She did not look back now, but went on and on, thinking of the blue-grass meadow that she had traversed when a little child, believing that it had no beginning and no end." (109)
In this final passage, Chopin seems to emphasize words describing the ecstacy of solitude that Edna encounters in her final visit to the sea. When Edna speaks of there being “[…] no living thing in sight” (Chopin 139) around her, her thoughts never stray to a memory of her past experiences, acquaintances, or even emotions. Even when Edna sees her bathing suit from the past summer, her thoughts remain fixated on solely the unending sea that lies before her.
The Awakening by Kate Chopin contradicts the popular nineteenth century image of the ideal southern woman as the main character, Edna Pontellier, gradually realizes her dissatisfaction with her life and discovers she was meant to live for something more. This kind of thinking was unheard of during this time period, and the novel soon raised significant controversy and was “banned from the [libraries’] shelves in response to negative and damning reviews” (Dyer 19). The novel redefines femininity by showing that women do not have to be limited by domesticity or submission.
As Edna's fortified ego emerges ashore, her attachment to Robert is strengthened. The intimate moment they share at the end of the chapter bespeaks an "acme of bliss," where "no multitude of words could have been more significant than those moments of silence, or more pregnant with the first-felt throbbings of desire" (Chopin 63, 77).
In the novella The Awakening by Kate Chopin, the main character Edna Pontellier “becomes profoundly alienated from traditional roles required by family, country, church, or other social institutions and is unable to reconcile the desire for connection with others with the need for self-expression” (Bogard). The novella takes place in the South during the 1800’s when societal views and appearances meant everything. There were numerous rules and expectations that must be upheld by both men and women, and for independent, stubborn, and curious women such as Edna, this made life challenging. Edna expressed thoughts and goals far beyond her time that made her question her role in life and struggle to identify herself, which caused her to break societal conventions, damage her relationships, and ultimately lose everything.
When Kate Chopin's "The Awakening" was published at the end of the 19th Century, many reviewers took issue with what they perceived to be the author's defiance of Victorian proprieties, but it is this very defiance with which has been responsible for the revival in the interest of the novel today. This factor is borne out by Chopin's own words throughout her Preface -- where she indicates that women were not recipients of equal treatment. (Chopin, Preface ) Edna takes her own life at the book's end, not because of remorse over having committed adultery but because she can no longer struggle against the social conventions which deny her fulfillment as a person and as a woman. Like Kate Chopin herself, Edna is an artist and a woman of sensitivity who believes that her identity as a woman involves more than being a wife and mother. It is this very type of independent thinking which was viewed as heretical in a society which sought to deny women any meaningful participation.
During the late nineteenth century, the time of protagonist Edna Pontellier, a woman's place in society was confined to worshipping her children and submitting to her husband. Kate Chopin's novel, The Awakening, encompasses the frustrations and the triumphs in a woman's life as she attempts to cope with these strict cultural demands. Defying the stereotype of a "mother-woman," Edna battles the pressures of 1899 that command her to be a subdued and devoted housewife. Although Edna's ultimate suicide is a waste of her struggles against an oppressive society, The Awakening supports and encourages feminism as a way for women to obtain sexual freedom, financial independence, and individual identity.
The irony of the story is the Edna learns how to swim ,yet she used the sea to take her own life. When the author states’ “But it was too late, the shore was far behind her, and her strength was gone. She looked into the distance, and the old terror flamed up for an instant then sank again”(135). In this quote the author ,Chopin, chose to show irony to end Edna’s character because Edna had faced her fears,and learned to swim and not fear the water. However ,the climax is also shocking for the readers because the author had shown Edna’s character as a strong women who had faced her fears and learned how to swim. By Edna killing herself the author shows us that Edna never changed and she is still that weak broken women who is trapped in life that she was so desperate to get out
Edna's awakening begins with her vacation to the beach. There, she meets Robert Lebrun and develops an intense infatuation for him, an infatuation similar to those which she had in her youth and gave up when she married. The passionate feelings beginning to overwhelm her are both confusing and exciting. They lead to Edna beginning to ponder what her life is like and what she is like as a person. The spell of the sea influences these feelings which invite "the soul . . . to lose itself in mazes of inward contemplation" (Chopin 57). Edna begins to fall under the sea's spell and begins to evaluate her feelings about the life that she has.