The Zapatista Revolt Against NeoLiberalism
In the 1630’s Mayans living in the northern part of Guatemala organized in a secretive village-by-village basis and mounted an attack against the Spanish colonial rule. They drove the Colonizers out of the area and it took almost fifty years for the Spanish to reclaim it [i] . Over 350 years later the Mexican government woke up on January 1st 1994 to news of an indigenous guerilla uprising in the southern part of Mexico. Mayans had been secretly organizing, much in the same way as the 1630 revolt, and had formed the Zapatista National Liberation Army (EZLN). This new Zapatista movement took its name from Emilio Zapata, a famous champion of indigenous rights. On January first, the day of NAFTA’s implementation, the EZLN rose up and captured the city of San Cristbal de las Casas and several villages in the surrounding area. In the span of eleven days they were able to take hold of more land than many other guerrilla movements, such as the FMLN in El Salvador, had done in years.
However, the Zapatista’s did not act like most other guerilla movements. They were not interested in seizing state power nor did their revolt take on ethnic tones. Instead they claimed to be fighting for freedom, democracy and autonomy. The communities it works for democratically controlled the army itself. The attack occurred because the communities it serves decided it should happen. Soon after the seizure of the villages in Chiapas the Zapatistas decided to stop attacking and instead go into negotiations with the government. On the Zapatistas side open conflict only lasted 12 days [ii] , though the government has broken the peace several times. So the question is why did this revolt occur and what is the ...
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...xxiii] ibid 191
[xxiv] Otero, 8
[xxv] Peter Rosset, First World, 165
[xxvi] Rosset and Cunningham, “Understanding”
[xxvii] ibid
[xxviii] Foodfirst.org, “Myths of the Free Trade Area of the Americas Agreement”
[xxix] Harvey, 164
[xxx] Chiapaslink, 15
[xxxi] Chiapaslink, 9
[xxxii] Ross, “Bush’s War on International Terrorism Fixes the Zapatistas in its Sights,”
[xxxiii] Veltmeyer, “The Dynamics of Social Change and Mexico’s EZLN”
[xxxiv] ibid
[xxxv] Harvey, 202
[xxxvi] Sullivan, “Seething South Of the Border”
[xxxvii] Rosset and Cunningham, “Understanding”
[xxxviii] Veltmeyer, “The Dynamics of Social Change and Mexico’s EZLN”
[xxxix] ibid
[xl] Weinberg, “Bio-Piracy in Chiapas”
[xli] Harvey, 8
[xlii] Mora, “The EZLN and the Indigeno us Autonomous Municipalities,”
[xliii] Chiapaslink, 23
[xliv] ibid, 24
Mexico has been fighting drug cartels and their violence since December of 2006, since then, the activity between these organizations and crimes have been on the rise. In Mexico, over 70,000 people have lost their lives in crimes and violence associated with the leading cartels of Mexico. These leading cartels include: The Beltran Leyva, Gulf Cartel, Juarez Cartel, La Familia Michoacana, Los Zetas and the Tijuana/Arellano Felix Cartel. One of the most important effects of these cartels is in the social life of the citizens. Most of the citizens are terrified of these cartels, to the point where streets seem vacant because the people are too scared to roam the streets. These cartels impose fear with acts such as that of September 15, 2008, when grenades were thrown into crowds in Morelia town square in an independence day celebration killing eight people. The soci...
...Morelos seemed at a permanent stalemate. Carranza knew that he could never fully take Mexico while Zapata was still alive and in charge of his army. To rid himself of his enemy, Carranza devised a trap. A letter had been intercepted in which Zapata invited a colonel of the Mexican army who had shown leanings toward his cause to meet and join forces. This colonel, Jesús Guajardo, under the threat of being executed as a traitor, pretended to agree to meet Zapata and defect to his side. On Thursday, April 10, 1919, Zapata walked into Carranza's trap as he met with Guajardo in the town of Chinameca. There, at 2:10 PM, Zapata was shot and killed by federal soldiers, and as the man Zapata hit the ground, dead instantly, the legend of Zapata reached its climax. Carranza did not achieve his goal by killing Zapata. On the contrary, in May of 1920, Álvaro Obregón, one of Zapata's right-hand men, entered the capital with a large fighting force of Zapatistas, and after Carranza had fled, formed the seventy-third government in Mexico's history of independence. In this government, the Zapatistas played an important role, especially in the Department of Agriculture. Mexico was finally at peace.
Bauer, K. Jack. “Mexican War,” Handbook of Texas Online, last modified June 15, 2010, accessed May 2, 2014, https://www.tshaonline.org/handbook/online/articles/qdm02
Many experiments have proved that the Earth will witness number of wildfires; the cyclones will become more severe, increase in number of drought prone regions, reduction in precipitation and ultimately rise in extreme
Gleijeses Piero. Shattered Hope The Guatemalan Revolution and The United States, 1944-1954. Princeton: Princeton University Press, 1991.
In “The Lottery”, written by Shirley Jackson in 1948, tone and symbolism are equally important elements in comprehending this eerie short story. This dark tale takes place in a small town of about 300 people during the summer. The writer begins by painting a picture of children playing, women gossiping, and men making small-talk of home and finances, putting the reader at ease with a tone of normality. The people of the town coalesce before the lottery conductor, named Mr. Summers, appears to begin the annual town ritual of drawing from a box which will result in the killing of one townsperson by stone throwing. It isn’t until the fateful conclusion when the reader comes to realize there is nothing normal about the
When Mexican President Vincente Fox rode into office on a wave of popular support in 2000, he inherited the Zapatista rebellion in Chiapas. In 1994, the largely indigenous Zapatista movement began a military campaign to protest economic and political disenfranchisement. Vincente Fox claimed that he could solve the Zapatista uprising in “15 minutes.” Like his predecessor, he has failed to solve the problem. How did the Zapatistas achieve such longevity in the confines of the “perfect dictatorship?”
... potatoes’ that you must handle before you say ‘I do’ include your interests, hobbies, expectations, dreams, aspirations as well as matters of sex and how you will deal with your in-laws.
“The less there is to justify a traditional custom, the harder it is to get rid of it” (Twain). The Lottery begins during the summer. A small, seemingly normal, town is gathering to throw the annual “Lottery”. In the end, the townspeople—children included—gather around and stone the winner to death, simply because it was tradition. The story reveals how traditions can become outdated and ineffective. “I suppose, I hoped, by setting a particularly brutal ancient rite in the present and in my own village to shock the story's readers with a graphic dramatization of the pointless violence and general inhumanity in their own lives” (Jackson). As humans develop as a race, their practices should develop with them. Shirley Jackson develops the theme that blindly following traditions is dangerous in her short story “The Lottery” through the use of symbolism, foreshadowing, and irony.
Tradition is huge in small towns and families and allows for unity through shared values, stories, and goals from one generation to the next. Shirley Jackson’s “The Lottery” carries that theme of tradition. The story follows a small town that performs the tradition of holding an annual lottery in which the winner gets stoned to death. It (tradition) is valued amongst human societies around the world, but the refusal of the villagers in “The Lottery” to let go of a terrifying long-lasting tradition suggests the negative consequences of blindly following these traditions such as violence and hypocrisy.
Indigenous people of the world have historically been and continue to be pushed to the margins of society. Similarly, women have experienced political, social, and economical marginalization. For the past 500 years or so, the indigenous peoples of México have been subjected to violence and the exploitation since the arrival of the Spanish. The xenophobic tendencies of Spanish colonizers did not disappear after México’s independence; rather it maintained the racial assimilation and exclusion policies left behind by the colonists, including gender roles (Moore 166) . México is historically and continues to be a patriarchal society. So when the Zapatista movement of 1994, more formally known as the Ejército Zapatista de Liberación National (Zapatista Army of National Liberation; EZLN) constructed a space for indigenous women to reclaim their rights, it was a significant step towards justice. The Mexican government, in haste for globalization and profits, ignored its indigenous peoples’ sufferings. Chiapas, the southernmost state of Mexico, consisting of mostly indigenous peoples living in the mountains and country, grew frustration with the Mexican government. It was in that moment that the Zapatista movement arose from the countryside to awaken a nation to the plight of indigenous Mexicans. Being indigenous puts a person at a disadvantage in Mexican society; when adding gender, an indigenous woman is set back two steps. It was through the Zapatista movement that a catalyst was created for indigenous women to reclaim rights and autonomy through the praxis of indigeneity and the popular struggle.
Shirley Jackson uses various literary elements such as extended metaphors, vivid imagery, and ironic scenes to provide essential insights as to why traditional values are held on the highest pedestal in the village. In “The Lottery,” Jackson demonstrates traditional beliefs, that are held solely because of tradition itself, are destructive to society, as illustrated through the stoning of Mrs. Hutchinson, the winner of the lottery.
In Shirley Jackson’s short story “The Lottery,” Jackson uses the third-person objective to tell the tale of an anonymous village with a dark secret. By telling the story through an unknown narrator, Jackson is able to accord the reader with an unbiased and detailed description of the village’s performance of an annual ritual on June 27th. The realistic and unbiased description allows the reader to connect to the overall theme that people do not want to rid of tradition because they fear a dreadful outcome. Jackson provides the characters with limited knowledge on the origin of the lottery, allowing the reader to draw his or her own inferences. All the while, Jackson provides details about other villages
The assignment research objectives were (a) to gain insight into securing strategic partnerships in the information technology (IT) arena; (b) to understand the choices made to reduce information and security risks by exploring the different outsourcing techniques, and; (c) to understand how business process associated with outsourcing will stimulate awareness on how the process is interlinked with human behaviors. The topics covered include an evaluation of the specifications of information security consultants to become strategic partners assisting in the reduction of information or security risks, an examination of four factors that were omitted in the specifications that add value to the selection process, and an explanation of the value of the four factors.
In addition, central bank should get the financial institutions notify them of any projects aiming outsourcing. After having examined the situation...