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welfare states second world war
the welfare state 1942 uk policy
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The Welfare Provided For British People at the Beginning of World War Two 1. The welfare at the beginning of world war two covers many areas such as health insurance, unemployment insurance, pensions and childcare. The first subject I'm going to discuss is health insurance. Health care or health insurance started early on in the century. In 1907 a school medical service was provided which tested children's health and recommended treatment when needed. In 1912 this was improved and children could now be treated for free in their school clinics. During the 1900's there was a growing fear that people of Britain were becoming degenerate. So in 1907 the notification of births act was brought out and it said whenever a baby was born the local medical officer was to be informed to provide a health visitor and provide a health check and advise treatment when needed. Also between the world wars maternity bags where provided to pregnant mothers to make sure the mothers and the babies survive. TB was a massive killer and in 1929 the ministry of health ordered all milk to be pasteurized so that it could not be passed from cattle to humans. From the 1930's free vaccinations for whooping cough, smallpox, scarlet fever, measles and polio. In 1910 a German scientist developed a drug called salvarsan. It was the first drug that selectively killed germs. Also in 1928 Alexander Fleming developed a drug called penicillin that killed most bacterium. All the drugs and law acts passed helped keep Britain healthier and helped increase the life expectancy of everybody in Britain and also helped to create the welfare state. In 1911 the national insurance act was passed. In return of paying insurance the worker got payed on sick pay 10 shillings a week for 26 weeks aswell as free medical treatment. The second part of this act came into power in the next year 1912. This allowed a worker to be unemployed for 15 weeks a year and get payed 7 shillings a week. In 1920 the government brought a new act in, paying benefit to the wives
The history of the NHS from being chaotic to having an organised st ructure. The structure of the NHS is divided into local authority and social service, hospital services and general practitioners including specialist care. When the NHS was developed, there was no prediction of how much all the services would cost to run. The government introduced the first service charges for dentures in 1951and prescription and spectacle’s in 1952 this could have been due to everyone needing medical care at the same time. This also suggests that individuals health improved, likely to live longer and would need more services in the future which the government realised would be unrealistic to achieve. Even then, as it is currently, it remains difficult
Hollingsworth and Tyyska discuss the employment of women in their article, both wage work and work performed outside of the “paid labour force.” (14). They also look at work discrimination of women based on gender and marital status. They argue that disapproval of married women working for wages during the Depression was expressed not only by those in position of power, such as politicians, but also by the general public and labour unions. They suggest that the number of women in the workforce increased as more young wives stayed working until the birth of their first child and older women entered the workforce in response to depression based deprivation. Hollingsworth and Tyyska also give examples of work that married women did that was an extension of their domestic duties such as babysitting for working mothers or taking in laundry. They also state that some women took in boarders, sold extra produce from gardens, or ran make-shift restaurant operations out of their homes.
The death rate was on the decline and life expectancy rose during this period. New medical developments were made with the federal funding of medical research in which penicillin and streptomycin were developed. These advancements in medicine have cured many bacterial infections and severe illnesses. Later, in 1952, Jonas Salk introduced a polio vaccine. There was a vast migratory pattern among many Americans during this time period.
Housewives would be given maternity grant, provision for widowhood and separation. It was also proposed that everyone should be covered for comprehensive medical treatment and has his or her funeral expenses paid for. In order for this to be financed, everyone of working age, except for housewives, would pay a single contribution once a week. The contribution each individual should pay would depend on what benefits they themselves would receive. White papers and other acts were also written in order to deal with the post-war reconstruction.
In unit three of Nation of Nations, there were many social/cultural and political issues that affected the Jews in Germany and the Japanese in America. The social/cultural groups were roused due to the conflicts arising over ethnic backgrounds, race, and class differences. The Jews and Japanese faced discrimination in both countries whether they were born there or not. (Davidson, 2008)
Britain Faced A Major Social And Political Crisis In The Years 1910-1914 There were many reasons why Britain was facing a major Social and Political crisis in the years of 1910-1914, I have narrowed down the reasons to three major issues; The Suffrage movement, Industrial Unrest, Constitutional Crisis. I will be looking at these issues in more depth as to whether they can explain the Crisis. The first issue I will be looking at will be the Suffrage Movement. At the begging of the twentieth Century no woman could vote in elections for parliament.
The Great Depression era was a dark moment in history for American economic history, however often times we overlook the tremendous response from our federal government. President Roosevelt used the power of the presidency to pass several monumental pieces of economic legislation such as the Emergency Banking Act and the Glass-Steagall Act. Roosevelt’s administration also passed legislation that formulated various social programs such as the Public Works Program and the Federal Housing Authority. These programs were largely focused on providing temporary relief for American citizens. Furthermore, many Americans were employed to construct parks, roads, and bridges. World War II also played a big part in stimulating the American economy during this time period. Citizens at home were able to work on machinery and other military accessories to supply the troops during the war. Franklin D. Roosevelt and his administration brought America through the most difficult economic time in its history and they ushered in pragmatic progressive economic policies.
World War II was based on the idealistic view of Americans, especially concerning the people’s perspectives on how America was being perceived, and how they wanted to be seen. The American public, witnessing foreign tragedy worked to push against suppression in order to rise in equality. Coming out of the Great Depression America was extremely cautious about intervention in foreign affairs spurring an isolationist view. When determining their entrance into World War II America thought about the immense amount of casualties brought from World War I and the lack of positive consequences. Much of the changes enveloping society were a continuation of the new deal policies.
Welfare has been a safety net for many Americans, when the alternative for them is going without food and shelter. Over the years, the government has provided income for the unemployed, food assistance for the hungry, and health care for the poor. The federal government in the nineteenth century started to provide minimal benefits for the poor. During the twentieth century the United States federal government established a more substantial welfare system to help Americans when they most needed it. In 1996, welfare reform occurred under President Bill Clinton and it significantly changed the structure of welfare. Social Security has gone through significant change from FDR’s signing of the program into law to President George W. Bush’s proposal of privatized accounts.
...lfare State in England and Germany, 1850-1914: Social Policies Compared. Cambridge: Cambridge UP, 2007. Print.
Wars are good business. They create an immediate demand for a wide variety of materials needed by the government in order to fight the war. They create work opportunities for people that might not ordinarily be considered part of the normal work force. And, while not necessarily good for the soldiers engaged in the fighting, wars are always good for the businesses that provide the materials used in a war. The Second World War was very good for business.
time you heard the siren go off you had to stop what you were doing
During class, the Progressive Era from 1890-1916 was discussed. The countless reforms happened in the Progressive Era were bound to be controversial. Nevertheless, based on our study, it was my contention that the Progressive Era was successful on account of the changes made on social welfare and on the role of presidents.
Towards the end of World War Two, the Allies powers, especially Britain and United States, saw the world in need of a new economic system to help prevent future conflicts and prevent trading restrictions between nations. The end of the war was fast approaching and the world would need to rebuild and loans would be needed for this. In 1944, the US would invite forty-four nations to come together and agree upon the creation of international banking entities such as the International Monetary Fund (IMF), The World Trade Organization (WTO), and the International Bank of Reconstruction and Development (later established as the World Bank). It would be the ladder that world fund loans, first to exclusive nations, then in 1974, the World bank would look to help develop third world nations in need. According to a United Nations report in 1998, over 100 developing nations reported no significant change in their economy, even to the loans from the World Bank and About twenty percent of those nations also saw social indicators decline, a 500 percent increase from the prior decade. The one region not benefiting from any of the International agreements, is Sub Saharan Africa.
up for her pregnancy which meant she had no money to take good care of