The funerary rituals introduced by the Egyptians were the most intricate, spiritual rites in their times and, perhaps, even to this day. Their elaborate customs, tombs, and gifts to the dead were representative of their pious, devoted nature. Albeit not all were as imposing as the oldest and still remaining Seven Wonder of the World, the Pyramids of Giza, all were meaningful and sacred. The Egyptians, highly reverent of their dead, adopted ornate, religious burial practices to fit to every member of their society.
There is no doubt that scholars, artists, and educators remain undoubtedly amazed by the immense collection of treasures that are consistently found within ancient Egyptians tombs. There is true meaning and history behind each artifact that has been found; collectors still see these priceless items as art, and many forget that they once served the main purpose in the afterlife. Everything in the ancient Egyptian culture was meant to serve their highest deities and gods. They created treasures to ensure that their lives would mean something, and many forget to reflect on the purpose of art or an object in general.
Ikram, Salima. Divine Creatures: Animal Mummies in Ancient Egypt. New York: The American University in Cairo Press, 2005. 1-15. Print.
Egyptian pyramids are the mysteries of the Eygpt for everyone has an idea what they were used for but no one can be really sure if it is true. The Pyramids mostly served as tombs for kings and queens, but they were also places of ongoing religious activity. After a ruler died, his or her body was carefully treated and wrapped to preserve it as a mummy. According to ancient Egyptian belief, the pyramid, where the mummy was placed, provided a place for the monarch to pass into the afterlife. In temples nearby, priests performed rituals to nourish the dead monarch’s spirit, which was believed to stay with the body after death. In the Old Kingdom (a period of Egyptian history from about 2575 BC to about 2134 BC), Egyptian artists carved hieroglyphs on the walls of the burial chamber, designed to safeguard the dead monarch’s passage into the afterlife. These hieroglyphic writings, which include hymns, magical spells, instructions on how to act in front of the gods, and other pieces of useful knowledge, are known as the Pyramid Texts.
MacDonald, Sally. 2003. Lost in Time and Space: Ancient Egypt in Museums. Consuming Ancient Egypt, edited by Sally MacDonald and Michael Rice, pp 85-99. London: UCL Press.
Ancient Egypt was an absolutely brilliant place despite the blistering climate and all the sand. When someone hears Egypt nine times out of ten they think of pyramids. The pyramids in Egypt are so famous, yet no one knows exactly how one would, or even could construct such a monument. However we have found out what lays inside of some of these gargantuan, monumental structures. Unlike present time where one would get put six feet under the ground with nothing but a casket and a tomb stone; in ancient Egypt pharaohs got high end treatment and was buried carefully and with riches. Bob Brier stated that before the pyramids were ever built people would be buried in the sand in graveyard type places with their belongings. Their belongings could include things they want to take to the afterlife like board games, weapons, jewels, and gold. Then because of grave robbers stealing precious items they made it so much more difficult to get the belongings of a person. So the pharaoh had people build pyramid type structures that could have transformed into the idea of pyramids. This is where the some of the pharaoh would be buried. He would live out his afterlife here. On the contrary the popular belief that all pharaohs are buried in pyramids many were not buried in a pyramid. A lot of pharaohs, like King Tut for example, were not buried in a pyramid he was buried in a tomb in the Valley of the Kings. The Valley of the Kings is where archeologists found many pharaohs and many riches like gold and ancient beauties.
Politically and geographically, Ancient Egypt was divided into two zones, Delta and the Nile Valley also known as the upper and lower Egypt. The name of the country can be derived from the ancient Greek word for the Nile Valley in Arabic which is called al-Misr, meaning the “two regions.” The title of my exhibit is Al-Misr: The Identity Within. This exhibit is a play on the dual meaning of the country's name and the exotic language that exposes the nature of civilization over time. The opening night for the exhibit will be in the beginning of the year/month, in consideration with the time of festivities and celebration for the ancient Egyptians (January 1st -May 20th, 2012). The special gallery on the third floor (Morris and Mayer Schapiro Wing), will showcase a diversity of ethnicities that have shaped the civilization over thousands of years and it will set out to shatter a conventional belief of a commonly recognized features o...
And what an afterlife the pharaoh would have! Embalmed in order to endure the elements of disintegration, richly attired to attest to his fabulous earthly wealth, magnificently housed to remind all on-lookers of the towering greatness of the entombed human -- the pharaoh lived on in perpetual association with the stone structures that rose portentously out of the hot, barren sands of the desert so close to the life-giving, greening Nile. And the solemn bearing of these great structures reminds people today of the human hope for immortality and the way an entire culture fashioned a collective immortality in astonishing stone. Here was a culture that would persist, just as its pharaohs would live on in their silent palaces.
Imhotep laid the foundation for the Egyptians to begin fashioning a new architectural revolution through his groundbreaking craftsmanship of Djoser’s pyramid. Traditionally, the pharaoh’s body would be prepared, wrapped, and placed in a simple burial chamber below the ground and covered with wood planks for the sand to cover. As time passed, the Egyptians began to construct buildings called mastaba, a “traditional, flat-roofed mastaba” roughly eight feet tall with a flat roof, and sloping sides that connect with the structures vertical walls (National Geographic 1). The mastaba became a necessity for the pharaohs and kings of Egypt until a ruler by the name Djoser who “was the first king of the Third Dynasty of Egypt and the first to build in stone”, challenged his vizier to create a structure that would stand out among the monotony of typical mastaba (The Step Pyramid 1). This is how the innovative, one of a kind stepped pyramid was created as a tomb for the pharaoh Djoser, the pyramid was intuitively designed by the architect Imhotep and revolutionized the concept of building architecture with symbolic meaning.
Maspero, Gaston. Manual Of Egyptian Archaeology And Guide To The Study Of Antiquities In Egypt. 1895. Print.
It is clear that tombs and burial rituals were a key element in the Egyptian society and their way of life as it ties into almost all things they did on a daily basis. Whatever a person’s status was when they were alive followed them into the afterlife. Food and luxury goods were buried with a person so that they could have it in the afterlife. The tombs became a person’s new house after they died. Therefore, making it as nice as possible was really important. Art work and clay models were added to a person’s tomb as material goods needed for the afterlife. They were also seen as decorations that kept the tombs looking nice. Throughout the years, Egyptian artworks on the inner parts of the tombs and on the coffins show a development in the Egyptian customs. Each new development was created to better preserve the bodies and comfort of the dead.
- [2] Redford, Donald B, Ph.D.; McCauley, M, "How were the Egyptian pyramids built?", Research The Pennsylvania State University, Retrieved 11 December 2012.
The Metropolitan Museum of Art. ‘Egyptian Art’, The Metropolitan Museum of Art Egyptian Art. New Series, Vol. 41, No. 3, Egyptian Art (Winter, 1983-1984): pp. 1+3-56