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The Use of the Submarine During the American Civil War
I have always been an American history buff. I was aware that the first use of the Submarine during war was during the American Civil War. Since learning this fact, I had become, in a sense, amazed with submarines - thus, I have become rather interested in them. I found this paper as a good chance to learn more, a lot more, about early submarines and the evolution of them.
With the ability to sink both large and small warships with the same percent chance, the value of the submarine is great because it was much cheaper to build than larger warships in the late 19th and early 20th century. The submarine has a way of concealing itself that is denied to the torpedo boat by submergence. However, the submarine is much slower, and when it does take advantage of it's means of concealment, it becomes even slower and really hinders it's ability to sink other ships.
Ever since the American Civil War, naval engineers have been striving to solve the problem of submarine navigation, but until 1884 with very little success. In September of 1884, of the Swedish coast, the Prince of Wales, with the King and Queen of Denmark and the Czarina witnessed a successful trial of the new submarine, which had been built in Stockholm based on the plans of Mr. Nordenfelt, the inventor of the machine guns that which were commonly used in warfare in 1885.
The Nordenfelt submarine was built of steel and was cigar shaped with a glass conning tower in the center, from which the skipper could keep a look out. There are three engines, one to work the screw in the stern, which propels the submarine, and two to work the propellers on either side, which, when in motion, allow the submarine to...
... middle of paper ...
... However, upon submergence, their speed was hindered even more! So, the submarine is truly an engineering feet. As a naval ship, though, it has its ups and downs. But don't all ships?!
Bibliography:
Gradenwitz, Dr. Alfred. "Guns For Submarines." Scientific American, 8 March 1913,
vol. 108, p. 222.
"The Nordenfeldt Submarine Boat." Scientific American, 7 November 1885, vol. 53, p.
295.
"The Position of the Submarine." Engineering, 28 December 1906, vol. 82, pp 871-2.
"Russia's Submarine Cruiser." Scientific American, 26 April 1913, vol. 108, p. 376.
"Safe Submarine Vessels and the Future of the Art." The Engineer, 22 Marc 1907,
vol. 103, pp 296-297.
"Submarine Cruisers." Engineering, 17 July 1925, vol. 120, pp 88-89.
"The Submarine 'D1,' With Wireless Installation." Engineering, 23 September 1910,
vol. 90, p. 444.
The USS Indianapolis was a heavy cruiser. She did not have heavy armor which made her vulnerable to torpedo attacks. She had been ordered to sail on July 16, 1945, to deliver a bomb that would end the war. Unfortunately, it sank before it arrived.
The U.S.S. Arizona was in the United States Navy for a very long time before it was sunk. The reason why the U.S.S. Arizona was built was because it was part of America's pre-World War 1 modernization of the Navy. It was built in the Brooklyn Naval Yard with the other Pennsylvania class battleship. The builders of the U.S.S. Arizona started the layouts on March 16, 1914. It took a few years before the Arizona would finally be launched. The U.S.S. Arizona was put into commission on October 17, 1917. When it was built it was a very expensive ship. After all the construction was done the grand total for the ship was 12,993,579.23 dollars. When the Arizona was built it was considered to be a Pennsylvania class battle ship. This meant that it was an upgrade over the Nevada class battleship, which was the types they built before the Pennsylvania class. The main upgrades that they made was that they ships of the Pennsylvania class had two more main battery guns, a greater length and water displacement, and it had four propellers for a higher maximum speed. They also upgraded the size of the secondary battery guns. Because of this the U.S.S. Arizona carried a punch that no one would like to deal with. This consisted of four triple turrets for the main battery, and 22 single turret secondary battery. The Arizona also had many anti-aircraft guns for protection.
The book opens with K-129 at a position of “24 degrees N and 163 degrees west,”(11) this places the submarine northwest of the US naval base at...
...t was not for these precursors then the continuation of unrestricted submarine warfare might still be a threat to the vessels that now transport hundreds of thousands of people all over the globe.
Morison, Samuel, E. (1960). Victory in the pacific, 1945 – history of the united states naval operations in world war ii. (Vol. 14, p. 389). Boston: Little Brown.
Co. ISBN 0-929521-40-4. Dull, Paul S. (1978). "The Species of the World." A Battle History of the Imperial Japanese Navy (1941–1945).
The Civil War consisted of many legendary battles over the soil of the United and Confederate States of America, which will be retold for generations in history books. Although these land battles were indeed great, the concept of this paper will be the Naval warfare of the Civil War, paying certain attention to the battle between the Monitor and the Merrimac.
Whether fortunately or unfortunately, the limits of innovation are often put to the test. In the case of a submarine launched to sea in 1938, the USS Squalus, bad luck proved disastrous. Within minutes of a test dive, twenty-six men drowned. Years later, Peter Maas compiled the known information about the tragedy into The Terrible Hours: The Greatest Submarine Rescue in History. Over the heartbreaking journey of hopelessness to hope, crisis to survival, and depths to ascension, Maas weaves the sad tale depicting the unknown dangers that technology possesses.
NAVAL HISTORY – 21 JANUARY 1954. The first nuclear submarine, USS Nautilus (SSN-571), was commissioned and launched at Groton, CT.
The ocean swells around you like a dust devil in a sandbox. Salt water fills your nostrils. The ship that deemed this fate upon you sails into the distance. You wonder, how am I going to get out of this one? Suddenly, a large metal object plants itself beneath your feet. A porthole opens and men carry you inside the belly of the large iron beast floating nether you. What’s going to happen now? In Jules Verne’s Twenty Thousand Leagues Under the Sea, this is exactly what main characters M. Aronmax, his servant Conseil, and Ned Land the harpooner, were thinking. After a hefty six-hour wait of being locked in a dark cell, the door opens. A man who introduces himself as Captain Nemo, an obvious leader and a man of stature, claims to have built the submersible in order to travel the world without ever having to step back on the land which he so greatly rejects. Reflection on the qualities of leadership reveals how Captain Nemo’s character enabled him to do exactly this.
In the thirty-eight years of the United States Naval Submarine Service no United States submarine had ever sunk an enemy vessel. With the ignition of the Second World War the poorly equipped and poorly trained Silent Service, nicknamed for the limited access of the media to the actions and achievements of the submarines, would be thrust into the position American submariners had longed for. The attack on Pearl Harbor left the United States Navy with few options for retribution. The three remaining aircraft carriers were to be “the last line of defense.” Commander Stuart S. Murray made the precarious situation clear to his skippers, captains, upon sending them on their first war patrol. He stressed the importance of smart sailing by warning them not “to go out there and win the Congressional Medal of Honor in one day. The submarines are all we have left.” We entered the war with 55 submarines, 27 at Pearl Harbor and 28 at Cavite in the Philippines. At first our submarine strategies lacked ingenuity and failed to use our subs to their full potential. United States subs were assigned to reconnaissance, transporting supplies, and lifeguard duty, picking up downed airmen and sailors. They were even, on occasion, sent to rescue high profile Americans on the run from the enemy or from islands under enemy siege. Although their ability was, unfortunately, wasted in our entrance to the Pacific Theater the Silent Service would soon gain the recognition its men yearned for.
Hackmann, Willem Dirk. “SONAR.” Encyclopedia of World War II. Vol. 2. New York: Facts on File, 2007. Modern World History Online. Web. 21 Mar. 2012. .
As it filled with water, the bow submerged, raising the stern out of water. When the stern reached an angle of about 45 degrees, the stresses in the ship's midsection (15 tons per square inch) caused the steel to fail and the bow to rip loose and sink [Gannon, 1995].
Then on the fifth day of its journey, Titanic was progressing across the Atlantic. Captain Edward Smith had plotted a new course upon hearing earlier reports of ice from other liners, there were many more communications that day of ice in Titanic's path. On that very night of Sunday 14 April 1912. The sea was calm, the sky dark and clear, and the temperature was getting colder by the minute. With conditions like this an ice berg is very hard to spot. Then, at 11.40pm the lookout rang the alarm and telephoned the bridge saying "Iceberg, right ahead.” It was already too late to avoid the iceberg and Titanic began to start sinking within less than 40 seconds later, a series of holes appeared on the hull. It also took 3 ho...
Print. The. Naval History & Heritage Command. The "Bermuda Triangle" Naval History & Heritage Command. U.S. Navy, 9 July 1997.