Through an array of various professional arenas, the use of modeling a population has been used to demonstrate a variety of explanations. For example, scientists may demonstrate a mathematical model to represent the population dynamics or genetic drift of a particular environment throughout the years. Population modeling has been used to demonstrate mathematically, psychologically, and scientifically an understanding of the numbers (being used) over time (being measured) and can be manipulated my changing its generation and rate. Both labs are completed through the use of a laptop and excel workbook provided to the students in biology one lab. Through this experiment, students will be utilizing an already set excel workbook and the known Monte Carlo Simulations of Allele Frequencies that constitutes the observance of different growth meters which, are given in the lab protocol for this week, are: exponential growth, logistic growth, and “predator-prey simulation” (Dulai), as well as generations. In order to see the difference in growths and generation/allele manipulations students are instructed to manipulate values; such as, the initial population or rate value. This is done to observe what each manipulation in the numbers does to the graph. In completing the experiment, students found that each model holds a high sensitivity when changing the values given. By comparing each model, students were able to observe the significance in manipulating one value leading to an overall change in its population. This also helped in localizing the steady-state month and rate in which the population/rate where steady; therefore, demonstrating the projected death rate, predator initial population, and predation rate of the population. Also, thr...
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...ion of the control variable. It was also hypothesized that when the a,A varibles were manipulated, the resulting numbers would increase as well.
Materials and Methods
Materials used in this laboratory experiment consisted of the following:
1. Microsoft XP laptop
2. Excel spreadsheet workbook
3. Pencil/pen
4. Python Interpreter
5. Allele frequency software
The experimental materials, procedures, and methods that were used throughout labs eight and nine were implemented from a previously supplied protocol given to students in biology one lab by Dr. Kamal Dulai (Dr. Dulai, 2014). Both labs were conjoined in a PDF provided by Dr. Dulai under the UC Merced CROPS folder. Deviation for this lab was that the extra credit predator-prey phase plots were not performed during the lab designated time frame and instead where completed at the discretion of the student (after lab).
Test 1: In the first test the phenotypic frequency changed to favor fish that were green or yellow colored as every other blue fish was targeted by predators. In the last generation only one blue fish was left and eight and six of the green and yellow fish. The allele frequency changed as well with the yellow allele frequency staying the same while the blue allele number dropped down to ten.
Sheshadri, T. (2001, December 26). Student recognized for agricultural acumen. The San Diego Union Tribune, N1-4. Retrieved on March 20, 2002 from Lexis-Nexis Academic Universe (Newspapers) on the World Wide Web: http://www.lexisnexis.com/universe.htm.
The purpose of this lab was to discover how diverse the parking lot at Bunker Hill High School could be, by finding out the Shannon Wiener biodiversity index of the parking lot. The parking lot was used because it does not have much immigration and emigration of the cars. Using an actual ecosystem in the wild would be hard to control, what is immigrating and emigrating out of the experiment. The experiment shows how diverse the cars were, and this can show how diverse an actual ecosystem was during that time of the experiment. This then tells that diversity does matters because if everyone had the same kind of car, then no one would be different. However, if the students, faculty, and guests had a variety of cars in the parking lot, which made the experiment more diverse in the parking lot or the community of cars.
http://www.med.nyu.edu/content?chunklID=90869>. Gerrard, David E., and Alan L. Grant. Principles of Animal Growth and Development. Dubuque, IA: Kendall/Hunt Pub., 2006. Print.
In creating the Paine killer Spider, the Eco Beaker simulator proved to be a easy and useful way of a conducting the experiment. By randomly selecting parameters for the spiders' eyesight, speed, and reproduction the Spider Division was we able to come up with numbers that would stabilize the ecosystem and allow for the genetically produced spider and aphids to live together harmoniously. In a matter of hours the Spider Division was able to come up with a set of parameters for the Paine Killer Spider that would allow for perfect biological control. While there could be numerous different combinations that could work for the different parameters, the Spider division found that the Paine Killer Spiders' parameters should be set at; 1 meter for sight; 1.
List and describe three factors that could affect the fecundity of your population. What is the population growth rate for your organism? Provide an explanation for this number. [ /8 marks]
Lauffer, H. B., Williams, P., & Lauffer, D. (2012). Wisconsin Fast Plants® Program. Retrieved February 26, 2014, from http://www.fastplants.org
However, a hypothesis cannot function without its independent and dependent variables. They are both parts of an experiment that are in place to be measured and experimented with. Many variables exist, fo...
Janick. J. (2011). Center for New Crops & Plant Products - Department of Horticulture and
Three of which can be a counterfactual account, a manipulability account, and a controlled experiment account (Millstein, 2006), but only the first two will be reviewed. For each of the three cases heritable differences in physical characteristics and differences in reproductive success can be seen (Millstein, 2006). With the counterfactual account, the heritable difference can be explained by saying that the differences in reproductive success do not occur (Millstein, 2006). Natural selection favors the counterfactuals because, if there were no heritable differences in characteristics among organisms in the population, then there would be no differences in reproductive success (Millstein, 2006). This would mean that natural selection had nothing to favor and all organisms would have the same genotype (Millstein, 2006). Referring to the manipulability account, if scientists would change the heritable differences in physical characteristics of the organism in a population, there would be a visible change of their reproductive success (Millstein, 2006). For example, in a population of beetles with varying abilities to withstand different temperatures, a new beetle genotype is introduced that can withstand a greater range of temperatures, and we would expect that the relative reproductive success of the other genotypes would decrease (Millstein,
To test my hypothesis, I try to decrease my independent variable, which is the population of starfish. This leads to the dependent variable which would be chiton, mussels, acorn barnacles, and gooseneck barnacles because they are what is affected by the decrease of the starfish population. I am going to start the experiment with 25 starfish in the tidal pool community, and will repeat it 3 times. It is important that each time the simulation must be reset in between each trial. I’ll then measure the population of the acorn barnacles, chiton and mussels at the end of repeating after 7 weeks. Then, I will have stimulated again but this time without starfish in the tidal community. I will also do these 3 times and reset the simulation between
Drosophila melanogaster is a model species used commonly for research in the areas of genetics and phylogeny (Kohn and Wittkopp, 2007). Drosophila is a model species due to the abundance of offspring, short generation times, and the ease of identifying wild type vs ebony phenotypes (University of South Florida, 2017, Biodiversity Lab Manual). This experiment is being performed in order to evaluate whether or not a fly culture after 3 generations will conform to the Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium equation. This equation is being used as a null hypothesis and will most likely not be achieved due to the relatively small population of flies being used in the experiment as well as other factors such as genetic drift (Dansereau, 2014). The experiment will take place over seven weeks in which the procedure will alternate between scoring the
Zacherl, Danielle. “Biology 171 Evolution and Biodiversity.” National Association of Research in Science Teaching 2007 Annual Meeting, New Orleans LA. (2007):n. page. Print.
Quantitative genetics consists of constantly changing characters. From the name of quantitative genetics, it pursues to ‘quantify’ changes in the frequency distribution of traits that cannot simply be located in discrete phenotypic classes (Falconer, D.S. 1996). Upon analysis of the future of quantitative genetics being relevant in this age of rapid advancement in molecular genetics, it has been useful to evolutionary biology which quantitative genetics has been allocated a major boost from the extensive effort/work of Lande-which portrays how the actual equations of quantitative genetics can be extended and used to solve situations beyond livestock and the improvements of crops. In the activities of quantitative genetics in this age, there seems to be a risk in quantitative genetics falling on rough times, having being known as the ‘old’ way of molecular genetics or ‘The out-moded’ as opposed to the comparison of the new types/areas of molecular genetics of today’s age and era. The intention is to bring awareness of the importance of the use of quantitative genetics and placing it in proper perspective. As well as to target the amazing successes, especially central questions of evolutionary biology that can only be statistically answered fully via the requirement of a quantitative genetic perspective. Although through the quantitative genetics theory, the ability and availability to take into consideration the inheritance of quantitative traits such as fertility, the body size, etc is of high importance. Quantitative genetics is also an important contribution to the understanding of inbreeding depression which is the reduced productiveness of the offspring of closely related individuals. The counter-intuitive outcome of quantita...