The Transtheoretical Model Of Community

Concept 1: Community
Community is a widely discussed notion in sociological and health oriented literature in recent years. The term community was described by ninety different definitions, based on the findings of Hillery (1955). According to them, community is confined by geographical location or commonality of interests (Hillery 1955; Pretty et al. 2006). Generally people have very intimate connections to the place where they were born or inhabiting. So, individuals who live within a particular area and people who share common interests and opinions are considered as a community (Pretty et al. 2006). Another acknowledged explanation of community is based on relationships (Bottrell & Goodwin 2011). For example, school community is well defined

During first stage, members of community don’t consider about changes and perceive that certain change is not needed for their community (National Institute for Health and Clinical Excellence [NICE] 2007). Personal believes and attitudes play an important role in this stage to emphasize how people reacts to community change. For example, people don’t worry greenhouse emissions until they are affected directly from its exposure. Next, they started to think about certain change at the stage of contemplation and analyse benefits of proposed change against costs (NICE 2007). In next stage, they endorse their decisions to actively engage in particular change initiative, followed by becoming part of proposed change process in action stage (Clark 2013). At the final stage of maintenance, people sustain and reinforce intended changes for at least six months period (Clark 2013). The significant challenge and practical limitation of transtheoretical model is that it cannot be used effectively to explain the changes in organizations or extensive social structures (Clark 2013). Theory of change by Anderson and Kotter’s eight-stage theory are efficiently used to describe organizational changes and management (Todnem

Need based approach and Asset based approaches are the main types of community development theories discussed in literature (Kretzmunn & McKnight 1996). The major difference between these two approaches is need based approach is a top down model and asset based approach is a bottom up model. Need based intervention strategies are quite popular in many community development plans around the world. For a very long time, people rely on knowledge of experts and accepted quick fixes from them (McCashen 2005). This problem based approach always focus on what community lacks. In most cases, government and organizations propose need based interventions, even without consulting local community members, which affect autonomy (Kretzmunn & McKnight 1996). Another drawback of need based method is their interventions are targeted exclusively on problems, not about people who endure those issues. For example, if a particular community is severely affected by micronutrient deficiencies, government would launch a need based intervention program immediately in association with universities and other stakeholders, to reduce the prevalence of micronutrient deficiencies, rather than investigating fundamental root causes of deficiencies. Further, there is a concern with