While majority of the news we read today is inclined toward cyber attacks and crimes, a small amount of security induced into the way we communicate and do our bank transactions online would help a great deal. The emails we send, the online shopping that we do using our credit cards are all safe and secure to the extent that they are today is due to the cryptographic protocols that are used in those websites and web servers. The aim of this paper is to emphasize on one such protocol called the Transport Layer Security protocol (TLS).
The Transport Layer Security protocol is a protocol that ensures secure communication between two parties that are communicating over the Internet. The communication is usually between a user (acting as a client) and a server. The protocol is built on a reliable Transport Layer protocol like TCP.
TLS is made of two parts and it provides both authentication and privacy by the usage of encryption algorithms in the way that asymmetric key cryptography is used to achieve authentication between two peers and secure Hash functions are used to make the connection reliable. The TLS protocol is independent of the Application layer protocol and this acts an advantage as the higher-level protocols can be built on top of TLS transparently.
The TLS Record and Handshake protocols
The TLS Record protocol
The TLS Record Protocol is a layered protocol. Each layer in the protocol may include different types of fields. The protocol breaks these messages into blocks and compresses the data. It then applies a MAC algorithm to the data and after encryption of that resulting data forwards it to the sender. At the receiving end, the process is reversed and data is fetched and sent to the higher levels in the system.
The...
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...entities drop down to the least secure method they support. The protocol has been designed to minimize this risk, but there are possibilities of attacks.
Steps in the Handshake Protocol
The TLS Handshake Protocol involves the following steps:
- Exchange hello messages to agree on algorithms, exchange random values, and check for session resumption.
- Exchange the necessary cryptographic parameters to allow the client and server to agree on a premaster secret.
- Exchange certificates and cryptographic information to allow the client and server to authenticate themselves.
- Generate a master secret from the premaster secret and exchanged random values.
- Provide security parameters to the record layer.
- Allow the client and server to verify that their peer has calculated the same security parameters and that the handshake occurred without tampering by an attacker.
This paper identifies several topics such as the type of protocols and cryptosystems used to complete online financial transactions, the development and implementation of Advanced Encryption Standard (AES), a fire control system in an automated server room, factors considered when converting general office space to a server room, and power systems in server rooms. Research indicates the use of secure hypertext transfer protocols and digital certificates for the use of online financial transactions. Additionally, AES provides:____. A fire control system requires_____. When converting general office space to a server room_____. Power options for server rooms __________.
Lastly, they have to develop the protocols to be used.... ... middle of paper ... ... n.d. - n.d. - n.d.
ANSWER: As it is already defined in the first answer that Kerberos allows a client to exchange private information with a server across an otherwise open network and with special ticket management software the unique key is assigned to each person that authenticates to the network using his or her PennKey and password, that unique key is known as ticket.
What is done to information to send it from one location to another on the Internet? It is broken into packets that travel across the internet and the packets take the most avaiable and efficient path and eventually all come together where they are suppose to be.
In this process of end to end encryption, the unauthorized users such as service provider or any intermediate person can’t decrypt or read the communication between the sender and receiver. In the present day, Service Providers have access to our communication but when we deploy the end to end encryption then the service provider can intercept the communication but can’t read the content of our communication and the common example is WhatsApp messaging service. We can also secure our emails by using PGP encryption technology.
The next item is to utilize a secured socket layer (SSL) to increase security by encoding data at the sent point and decrypting it at the receiving end plus adding a layer of corporate firewalls (Lee, 2003). The next method utilizes a Virtual Private Network or VPN to transport packets but utilizes its own software to encrypt and decrypt at the sending and receiving transmission platforms (Gartee, 2011). Therefore a VPN limits the data packets to those individuals who have been identified to access the information and the system is maintain within the information department of the facility. In addition, a VPN verifies the identity of the person signing on by ensuring those only with access should be able to view the data. Another benefit of a VPN is that it is not limited to WebPages and may be utilized to secure data being transmitted in other application software (Lee, 2002). The Health Insurance Portability and Accountability ACT of 1996 (HIPAA) and the Health Information Technology for Economic and Clinical Health (HITECH mandates the appropriate administrative, technical and physical safeguards be utilized to protect
Through the communication of this codes the client will develop the feeling of safety and clarity about what to expect and also about the boundaries on the relationship necessaries to stablish a trust.
A reliable environment for teams to exchange information in a secure manner may be a necessity for virtual teams; therefore, security can pose another challenge. Different types of projects may require different levels of security. A virtual private network may be necessary to ensure that information is passed securely to the desired recipients. Authentication and encryption techniques can guarantee secure transmission of electronic...
One of the largest parts of commerce is transaction. Transactions are needed anytime two parties exchange money or information. Since the Information Age has begun, transactions are more common over the Internet, where it is more imperative that transactions are secure (Klein x). Corporations have also become more widespread, which means that cryptography is needed to secu...
The length of the key for the encryption can vary from being very short to extremely long, and the length of the message being encrypted. The protection of data being transferred between ATMs and the bank, and the use of cell phones, is the most common everyday encounter with encryption. To encrypt and decrypt information, a cipher is used. In a cipher, there is a set of well-defined steps that can be followed to encrypt and decrypt messages.
capacity and performance. However, as networks enable more and more applications and are available to more and more users, they become ever more vulnerable to a wider range of security threats. To combat those threats and ensure that e-business transactions are not compromised, security technology must play a major role in today's networks.
In this era when the Internet provides essential communication between tens of millions of people and is being increasingly used as a tool for security becomes a tremendously important issue to deal with, So it is important to deal with it. There are many aspects to security and many applications, ranging from secure commerce and payments to private communications and protecting passwords. One essential aspect for secure communications is that of cryptography. But it is important to note that while cryptography is necessary for secure communications, it is not by itself sufficient. Cryptography is the science of writing in secret code and is an ancient art; In the old age people use to send encoded message which can be understand by the receiver only who know the symbolic and relative meaning of that encoded message .The first documented use of cryptography in writing dates back to circa 1900 B.C. Egyptian scribe used non-standard hieroglyphs in an inscription. After writing was invented cryptography appeared spontaneously with applications ranging from diplomatic missives to war-time battle plans. It is no surprise, then, that new forms of cryptography came soon after the widespread development of computer communications. In telecommunications and data cryptography is necessary when communicating in any untrusted medium, which includes any network, particularly the Internet [1].Within the context of any application-to-application communication, there are some security requirements, including:
Explain how the two important transport protocols deliver messages on behalf of the application and discuss the differences between them
TCP/IP operates at both levels 3 and 4 of the OSI model. The TCP portion of TCP/IP operates at level 3 (Network) as its primary function is to control the flow of data. IP operates at level 4 (Transport) of the OSI model. IP is the protocol responsible for the actual transmission of packet across the network.
Symantec 2013, Secure Sockets Layer (SSL): How It Works, Symantec, viewed 15 May 2013, .