ABSTRACT: In European atomic theory, Euclid's geometry and Aristotle's logic complement each other and are generally acknowledged sources of Western science. In China, the book Zhou Yi is the source of Chinese science because it system contains a unity of philosophic, logical and mathematical thinking. These two systems form the core of the scientific models of the Western and Chinese cultural traditions. In political and ideological arenas, the Western is a contract model based on the individual, but the Chinese is an entirety one base on 'human administration.' In Western societies, the inner general tensile stress of contracts causes losses and breaks of action standards and values, but it also has features of reconstruction, regeneration, and re-creation. Its breaks and losses could cause an entire collapse, but as it is far from a balanced condition, it has a tendency to stabilize its structures through inner-adjustment. These two traditions formed in the axial period of human history, and are still potent today. The proverb 'two poles are interlinked' still has a realistic significance for us to understand life in human society.
In Europe Philosophy atom theory, Euclid's geometry and Aristotle's' logic complement each other and are generally acknowledged the source of Western science. But in china the book Zhou Yi is the starting point to study Chinese science source, because the system contains both philosophy thinking and logic thinking and mathematics thinking, and it is their unity. The features of the former are, (1) from the inner to the outside, (2) from the small to the big, (3) from the below to the upper and (4) from the many to One. The latter's features are just contrary. The are, (1) from the outside to the ...
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...nternational academic circle affirms that the second axis period has not appeared. So the stronger the two cultural traditions which were formed in the first axis period have pardon, harmony and creation to the social development, the stronger their life-force is. The real life of human society is a lively embodiment of "Two poles are interlined" and "Two things are both opposite and complementary" which are the cores of atom theory and entirety theory. Of course, the two forms are changing, too. This is the realistic significance of our probe study of the two traditions of Waster and Chinese cultures.
Notes
(1) Sarton's essay Scientific History and New Humanism in Science and Philosophy, 4th issue of 1984,edited by the Magazine Office of Natural Dialectics of China Science Academy.
(2) Collected Works of jose li, edited by Pan li-xin, page 54,1986,Shenyang.
Carl G. Hempel was of the most influential proponents of what is now regarded as the classic view of explanation in science. In his work, Philosophy of Natural Science, he created the deductive-nomological model which is the following account of scientific explanation, where an explanation is set out as a formalized argument. This is the principle format for works such as Aristotle’s Physica, Ptolemy’s Almagest, Newton’s Principia and Opticks, Franklin’s Electricity, Lavoisie’s Chemistry, and Lyell’s Geology. Thomas Kuhn calls these achievements Paradigms. Through these paradigms normal science developed. In Kuhn’s book, The Structure of Scientific Revolutions, he argues that normal science in a way hinders the development of new phenomenon. He says that there must be a change in a paradigm to create a scientific revolution. Throughout this essay I will explain what Hempel’s model consists of and how it relates to Kuhn’s view.
Chenn, Menzie. “The Allocation of Stimulus Funds.” Econbrowser. Econbrowser. 20 April 2009. Web. 4 May 2011.
A young English boy’s failing health triggered his family to send him to South Africa in hopes that the hot climate would turn his ailing health around. During the late nineteenth century, Cecil John Rhodes, joined his brother in the fields to pick cotton. Rhodes soon moved on to the more lucrative field to pick diamonds. This excursion led Rhodes, whom the infamous "Rhodes Scholar" was named after, to a path that defined and dominated the diamond industry worldwide. He created, through a series of diamond mine purchases, what is known today as De Beers S.A. Established in 1888, De Beers, through Rhodes, rose to a height of controlling 90% of the world’s diamond market. This illustrious giant was shrewd, intelligent, and he clearly understood price elasticity and the power of supply and demand. Moreover, he used the economic forces to his advantage and ultimately created a diamond Cartel. His ingenious move occurred in convincing the sellers (diggers) and buyers that their mutual interests were to keep prices high and steady. As a result, he formed a “Diamond Syndicate” that set prices and a monopoly was formed. De Beers created the perpetual illusion that diamonds were a scarce commodity, which enabled retail prices to remain high.
Contemporary dialogue between religion and science still needs to be more globalized due to the fact that it is only focused Western thoughts and circumstances. Oriental religions such as Confucianism and Taoism can contributes to discuss ongoing basic conflict between western religion idea and science. Contemporary religi...
In today’s consumerist society, our media promotes the mindset that material goods will result in ultimate success. Advertising has infiltrated almost every part of the average person’s lives, especially now in the technological age where computers and smart phones have become inseparable from their owners. Given the fact that an average teenager spends 50% of their day consuming media, it is no surprise that they are exposed to 500 ads a day (Statistics). The problem comes when the media promotes a lifestyle that hinders the lives of a group of people. The sexualized images shown in ads, are regarded as “fashion” and “art” while they, in reality, promote the sexism that has ravaged humanity for as long as people have existed. The hypersexualization in advertising is detrimental to today’s culture as it promotes an obscured standard of beauty, resulting in mental and physical harm to society- especially in women.
McClatchy-Tribune News Service. "Editorials on the federal budget". McClatchy - Tribune News Service. 03 Feb 2010 eLibrary. Web. 18 Feb 2010.
The question of how and where to draw boundaries around science remains controversial issue till today. Since emergence of modern science in the sixteenth and seventeenth centuries, many philosophers and thinkers tried to set up clear boundaries or criteria that separated it from other forms of knowledge. However, no consensus on the given issue has emerged up to now. This issue is known as a “demarcation problem” in philosophy and it has always been of the utmost importance to the science itself, since it give a rise to many other problems concerning general status of science in the modern society. For example, if we cannot draw clear line between science and myths, how can we judge about superiority of the former against the latter?
Advertising in American culture has taken on the very interesting character of representing our culture as a whole. Take this Calvin Klein ad for example. It shows the sexualization of not only the Calvin Klein clothing, but the female gender overall. It displays the socially constructed body, or the ideal body for women and girls in America. Using celebrities in the upper class to sell clothing, this advertisement makes owning a product an indication of your class in the American class system. In addition to this, feminism, and how that impacts potential consumer’s perception of the product, is also implicated. Advertisements are powerful things that can convey specific messages without using words or printed text, and can be conveyed in the split-second that it takes to see the image. In this way, the public underestimates how much they are influenced by what they see on television, in magazines, or online.
Since the 1930’s when Sir Ernest Oppenheimer established the Central Selling Organisation, De Beers Consolidated Mines have controlled the selling and marketing of approximately 80% of the world’s rough diamond production (Capon, 1998). However, in 1996, Australian company, Argyle, stunned the world by announcing that they would no longer market diamonds through De Beers C.S.O. Many economists predicted that Argyle wouldn’t be able to compete against the mammoth De Beers. Yet in the year to December 31, Argyle recorded a profit of $142.5 million, an increase of 76% (Treadgold, 1999). De Beers is currently looking like losing the monopoly it has had on the diamond industry for almost seventy years.
Philip J. Ivanhoe. Confucian moral self cultivation. New York : P. Lang, vol. 3, 1993.
The atom is the smallest portion of a substance that is not perceivable by human senses. The notion of atoms was conceived by ancient Greeks and was developed over thousands of years of scientific inquiry. The concept of qi as the most basic substance of which the world (everything) is comprised, was understood by the ancient Chinese. Both ¡¥atom¡¦ and ¡¥qi¡¦ are believed to exist by human beings and both are considered to be unseen objects (until we could see atoms recently). However, they lead to different interpretations of natural phenomena: the concept of the atom was developed in relation to ¡¥materiality¡¦, whereas qi is relavant to ¡¥spirituality¡¦. The historical progression towards a belief in atoms promoted the deduction of atoms throughout centuries. Nowadays, the atom is universally believed by people to exist as the result of scientific evidence. In contrast, ¡¥qi¡¦ is not believed to be a scientific phenomena and is considered a religious or superstitious belief. As a result, in order to demonstrate the existence of ¡¥qi¡¦ and make it conceivable by modern physicists, the use of the scientific method becomes the qi researchers¡¦ best tool. In addition, while qi and the atom were both conceived by ancient philosophers, the notion of the atom was better developed by scientists than the idea of qi. Therefore, by looking back at the historical progression towards a belief in atoms and the deduction of their structure, we know how scientists built up the atomic theory. Consequently, the concept of historical progression will help us understand why the notion of qi is hard to define by physicists, and how it could be developed into a scientific theory.
Comparison of American and Chinese Cultures Cultural differences are apparent from one group of people to another. Culture is based on many things that are passed on from one generation to the next. Most of the time, people take for granted their language, beliefs, and values. When it comes to the cultural differences of people, there is no right or wrong. People should be aware of others culture and respect the differences that exist between them.
In the year 1888, a body was formed known as De Beers Consolidated mines in South Africa by suppliers in order to secure a high market for diamond prices. Initially, diamond cartel successfully controlled the supply worldwide and regulation done at mine output and purchase of the exclusive right to mining nations across Africa. At the onset of the 20th century, De Beers dominated around 90 percent trade for diamond internationally which proved a monopoly as the diamond industry was mostly taken over by a single firm. An association was structured as other distributors and diamond miners were afraid that the value of diamonds will decrease.
The value of diamonds lies on their physical properties that make them suitable for many applications. Natural diamonds are only of high value if they are scarce in nature. Realizing this, De Beers Consolidated Mines was formed to control the supply of diamonds from mines across the world. The diamond market is influenced by mine production, rough diamond distribution, preparation/cutting, and retail markets. The project will be concentrating on the retail markets for diamonds and other high end jewelry.
Seargeant, P. (2012), 'English in the World Today' in Seargeant, P. and Swann, J (ed.) History, Diversity, Change (U214, English in the World), Milton Keynes, The Open University, pp. 5-47.