The article “U.S., China and Thucydides” (Robert B. Zoellick, 2013) addressed the security dilemma between the rising China and the U.S. through the historical story, “the Thucydides trap”. In addition, the chapter 15 in the book US FOREIGN POLICY, by Michael Cox and Doug Stokes, indicated the situation of changing East Asia, rising China, and the role of the U.S. in this region in different periods. Therefore, the materials have revealed an important question about Sino-US relation, which is should the United States cooperate or compete with the rising China?
The rise of China as a great power will most likely be one of the greatest potential challenges facing the United States in the 21st century. The rapid growth of China’s military and economic power – and the simultaneous decline in American capabilities –could become a source of tension and perhaps conflict between the two countries as the responsibilities that each state feels it should take on begin to change. There is reason for optimism, however, as specific economic factors, the general “openness” of the current international system, and shifting trends in how great powers interact with one another should exert a cooling influence on the Sino-American relationship. The strategy that the United States is currently pursuing has been largely successful at preventing potential flashpoints between the U.S. and China from igniting, but several additional measures could and should be taken to further decrease the risk of conflict between the two countries.
Chinese and American Foreign Policy
Since the fall of the Soviet Union, the Cold War was over, making the U.S. the only superpower left in the world. This has made the international system much more tranquil, and relaxed. The only country potentially powerful besides the U.S., is China. Many Americans fear China, not only because they are communist, but also because of their huge population.
... the United States in becoming the world’s most powerful elite nation. Since World War II the United States was the leading country in military and economic terms which lead to its elite power status. I also believe that the U.S. should maintain better relations with China to keep pace or to continue to surpass China economic power. According to Gilley, today China view itself as “a rising superpower predicted to have the largest economy in the world by mid-century, on the other hand a brutal, anachronistic and authoritarian regime, a threat to geo-stability and to the economies of the industrial world”(Gilley). It is for the US advantage to remain the dominant force and leader of the military, corporate, and political elements of the global society. China has “move on up” to be a member of the G20 and will be a country to reckon with for the world stage.
During pre-modern times, China’s economy was in constant growth and stable due to its high influence in commerce along trade routes that moved across the Old World. Since China was deficient in technology and innovation that would push its economy and it commercial relationships with other countries, America became an economical power and its global influence expanded which resulted in its surmount above other economies including China’s . China lost against America in the economy and America took first place. After the September 11, however, America’s economy began to fall; it was not until 2013, when the economy began to rise. Although America’s economy is growing as time goes on, China’s economy is also growing. China’s growing rate is higher than America’s, and if this continues, China’s economy will soon pass America and takes its place as number one.
... the position of unrivalled superpower since the end of the Cold War. Nevertheless in today’s geopolitical climate it is unconvincing that it will be able to hold this position through to the end of the 21st century. The rapid rise of the developing world, and in particular China has led many to ask if the US will be succeeded by another state in the near future. China appears to be the most promising prospect, with the world’s largest population and soon largest economy. However it is unclear as to whether China will be able to usurp the USA in political and cultural influence, and so take dominance in the 21st century. Asia looks to pose the most convincing threat to US dominance in the 21st century. Rapid development, increased cooperation and stability, abundant resources and two superpowers in India and China look to make the 21st century, ‘The Asian Century’.
Evaluating threats to America’s national security is a challenge that is undertaken by academics, intelligence analysts, policy-makers, and anyone else with the patience. During the Cold War, America’s biggest concern was easy to define, the only other state capable of competing with America, the Soviet Union. Today, America faces threats from states, non-state actors, domestic groups, and even economic conditions. However, two states should always be kept in mind when discussing national security, China and Russia, with China being the biggest threat.
The rise of China as a global economic and political player is a significant development in world politics and is one that has been unprecedented in history. China's global impact is increasingly felt on every continent, in most international institutions, and on many global issues. (1) (Shambaugh 2013) This is starting to create a power transition from the West to the East as the United States starts to decline, shifting the world landscape from a unipolar world towards a bipolar world. Historically, the emergence of new poles of power in the international system have been geopolitically destabilizing such as the rise of Russia, Germany, and the United States (2) (Layne 2008) Power sharing between superpowers has lead to conflict, fuelled by suspicion and mistrust. What will make China the exception as there demand for resources and expansion grows? Although China claims a “peaceful rise” to power, their actions in the international and regional and local systems have created conditions for conflict that has potential to be devastating to the world order.
Anti-Americanism is defined in terms of “psychological tendency to hold negative views of the United States and of American society in general”(Katzenstein and Keohane, p.12). History expanded the love-hate relationship between China and the United States from political, economical, social perspectives. Distinguishing predisposition and opinion is vital as well as understanding the multidimensional views from a heterogeneous group of people. Anti-Americanism is perceived in different ways among public opinion polls, norms and emotions in China.
National economics are often adversarial in nature, a global contest where countries seek to gain advantage over their neighbors, all in the name of wealth and gain. America is no stranger to the game; the U.S. has been the world’s economic leader for the better part of a century. China, however, is the leading contender for the economic top-spot (), and America continues playing directly into China’s hand. America’s current trading posture with China is drastically skewed in China’s favor; if America is going to preserve its position as the leading economic power, existing U.S.-Chinese trading agreements will need to be revised, and additional regulations must be introduced to promote balanced dealing.