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Should surrogate mother be allowed
Surrogacy debate
A paper about surrogacy and the legal process
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Surrogacy Act Queensland (2010)
Many long to have children and for one reason or another are unable to conceive. However, the solution is in the process of surrogacy. The Surrogacy Act Queensland 2010 and its provisions will be explored throughout the essay. Alongside the legal process of surrogacy, potential complications that could arise and recommendations to the legal system will also be thoroughly examined.
According to the Surrogacy Act 2010 Queensland, surrogacy is defined as the practice by which a female decides to carry and conceive another person’s child, to whom she intends to pass over at the time of birth. The Act aims to regulate this area and to facilitate the transfer of parentage of the child, as displayed in appendix A.
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Altruistic agreements are when a woman becomes pregnant and bears a child for no financial gain with the intention of transferring the child to his/her biological parents. The party involved in surrogacy is the surrogate mother, sperm and/or gamete donor and the biological parents depending on the circumstances of the agreement. The general process that follows is seeking independent legal advice, counselling, agreement in writing, conception & pregnancy, birth registration, surrogacy guidance report and applying for a parentage order.
A prevalent amendment to the Act is allowing same-sex couples to be eligible for surrogacy, as seen in appendix B surrogacy rights for gay couples in Queensland has since been legalised. The legalisation made this change in relation to the Australian Human Rights Commission which aims to empower all people to understand and exercise their human rights. Surrogacy arrangements raise a number of human rights issues and aspects of the arrangements can arguably conflict with the rights of children as protected under international law.
Surrogacy
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As a surrogacy arrangement is not enforceable the surrogate is not obliged to transfer parentage to the intended parent(s) and vice versa, irrespective of whether there is a surrogacy arrangement previously agreed upon. This is understood in the early stages of a surrogacy arrangement, ensuring that both parties are prepared for potential calamities. The law states these types of concerns are established to enable the arrangement to be an open transition amongst both parties. The Act only partially conforms to the current socio-economic position of Queensland. Legalising commercial surrogacy throughout Australia is an amendment that would require consideration from various
Surrogate pregnancy was talked about and questioned in the early 1970’s but was not put into practice until 1976. The first case documented actually comes from the bible. It was the story of Abraham and Sarah. Sarah talks about her experience with infertility. She then turns to Hagar, her handmaiden, and asks her if she would carry their child for them since she was unable to. Hagar was their maid so in a way it was a command, not exactly a favor or question.
Australian Legal Case: The Mabo Case The Mabo case commenced in the late 70's about an Aborigine Eddie Mabo who fought for his land on Murray Island, part of the Torres Strait. The issue that started the court case was when Mr Mabo appealed for a permit from the Queensland Government to visit the island. His proposal was declineed so he was unable to return home to visit his homeland.
A surrogacy is the carrying of a pregnancy for intended parents. There are two kinds of surrogacy: “Gestational”, in which the egg and sperm belong to the intended parents and is carried by the surrogate, and “traditional”, where the surrogate is inseminated with the intended father’s sperm. Regardless of the method, I believe that surrogacy cannot be morally justified. Surrogacy literally means “substitute”, or “replacement”. A surrogate is a replacement for a mother for that 9-month period of pregnancy, and therefore is reducing the role of the surrogate mother to an oversimplified and dehumanizing labor. The pregnancy process for the gestational mother can be very physically and mentally demanding, and is unique because after birthing the
woman can have. Knowing that if you brought a child into the world and you
Kuhse, H. and Singer, P. Bioethics: An Anthology. Malden, MA. Blackwell Publishing. 2006. Part II: Assisted Reproduction. Pence, G. The McCaughey Septuplets: God’s Will or Human Choice?, pages 87-88. Purdy, L. Surrogate Mothering: Exploitation or Empowerment?, pages 91-93. Hanscombe, G. The Right to Lesbian Parenthood, pages 104-107.
What do you consider to be the Strengths and Weaknesses of the British Approach to the Regulation of Abortion?
...Interests of Birth Parents and Adult Adoptees. Willian and Mary Journal of Women and the Law, 11, 461-480.
Surrogacy is becoming extremely popular as a way for people to build their families and women to have a source of income. Many people have various reasons for their opposition to it whether it be by comparing it to prostitution or disagreeing with how military wives take advantage of the Tricare insurance. Lorraine Ali states in her article “The Curious Lives of Surrogates” that one of the more popular reasons to oppose surrogacy is that it contradicts, “what we’ve always thought of as an unbreakable bond between mother and child.” However, a woman’s inability to conceive her own children does not determine the absence of a mother to child bond.
In 2000 the United Nations Populations Fund (UNFPA) defined reproductive rights as "the basic rights of couples and individuals to decide freely and responsibly the number, spacing and timing of their children; to have the information and means to do so; and to have the right to make decisions concerning reproduction, free of discrimination, coercion or violence."[1] Traditionally society defines reproductive rights in the context of one's being able to make decisions about his or her own reproduction; other individuals, unrelated to that person, were not considered as being involved in the decision. With the onset of in vitro fertilization (IVF) in 1978, reproductive processes have become more complicated. For example, in gestational surrogacy a surrogate mother, not genetically related to the embryo, is brought into the process of reproduction. This technique allows infertile couples to carry a child or children in the womb of a carrier, rather than in the womb of the biological mother.[2] As a result of this ethically controversial technology, society must modify its reproductive rights. In vitro fertilization (IVF) alone will not solve people's reproductive problems and protect everybody's rights. Society, therefore, must distinguish whose rights-the rights of biological parents or those of the surrogate mothers-should be protected.
Nowicka, Wanda. "Sexual and Reproductive Rights and the Human Rights Agenda: Controversial and Contested." Reproductive Health Matters, 19.38 (2011): 119.
Arguments against commercial surrogacy typically revolve around the idea that surrogacy is a form of child-selling. Critics believe that commercial surrogacy violates both women’s and children’s rights. In addition, by making surrogacy contracts legally enforceable, courts will follow the contract rather than choose what is best for the child. However, in her article “Surrogate Mothering: Exploring Empowerment” Laura Pudry is not convinced by these arguments.
Criminal Law- Script – The Abortion Law reform Good morning/ afternoon, Ladies and gentlemen of the Queensland Department of the Justice and Attorney-General, we must make clear changes to s224,225 and 226 of The Criminal Code so as though abortion can be legalised in all circumstances. The current problem with the existing legislation is it is unclear and different judges can interpret it in different ways, therefore resulting in no guarantee that a similar case will have the same result. (Children by Choice, 2016). The current legislation needs to be revisited so as though as there are fairer outcomes for the woman.
Commercial surrogacy commodifies children because by paying the surrogate mother to give up her child, they treat the child as an object of exchange or commodity that can be bought and sold. As any business transaction, the parents give money for the exchange of an object, the child. The parents get their desired child and the mother gets the money, but what about what thee child think about this event? The parents and surrogate mother’s action were done with self-interest. It could be argued that they wanted the best for the child. However, the first priority in the intentional procreation of the child was not the welfare of the child but rather to give it up to the parents in exchange of money. Additionally, women’s labor is commodified because the surrogate mother treats her parental rights as it was a property right not as a trust. In other words, the decisions taken concerning the child are not done primarily for the benefit of the child. The act of the mother relenting her parental rights is done for a monetary price. She disposes of her parental rights, which are to be managed for the welfare of the owner, as if they were property right, which are to be handled for personal
Most young people envision their future in the realm of getting married and creating a family. One of the most devastating things that can happen to a young couple is to be told they cannot have children. There are several options the couple can pursue, and one of those options available is surrogacy. Society today is torn on whether or not surrogacy should be legal in today’s world. Surrogacy is very controversial for many people around the world, and opinions are strong on the subject. Surrogacy is defined as the utilization of a third party female in order for a infertile family to create a biological child for their family. Legalized surrogacy is important to many couples as an option of creating the family they have always dreamed
Surrogate is a person that takes the place of another or person appointed to represent or act on behalf of others. But mainly we refer it to surrogate mother. Also we can refer it to surrogate father but this is not commonly accepted. Surrogacy remains one of the least talked about tools in the right against infertility. Nevertheless, here in this text we are going to explain it depth why someone want's to become surrogate and who can be surrogate.