Introduction:
In this Stroop experiment we attempt to investigate the inference in perception by showing 20 participants a Stroop color model and a controlled black and white model and compare the reaction times of the two.
Stroop investigated in interference in perception demonstrating perception is a dynamic process open to influence. The Stroop word-color test can be modified into other languages other than English, thereby demonstrating how the Stroop Effect "works" across a range of languages, i.e. it is cross-cultural.
In the traditional Stroop effect, naming the print color of a word is delayed if the word itself is a color word which names a different color (e.g., responding "red" to the word "blue" displayed in red letters is slower than responding "red" to a red patch of color).
Stroop interference is where "words are processed faster than are colors." It is true that reading words is faster than naming colors, but this seems to be a matter of response compatibility, rather than perceptual speed.
Color words interfere with color naming because they are automatically processed.
Aim:
The aim of this study is to investigate the inference in perception of a Stroop color model compared to a simple black and white variation of the Stroop color model.
Experimental Hypothesis:
I predict that the results will show that the model with the words simply in black will show faster times because there is no interference with what the participants are reading, they are simply reading normal black and white text as seen in any book or paper etc. Word colour incongruence will slow word recognition.
Null Hypothesis:
I predict that the results will show that the model with the color words will show faster reaction ti...
... middle of paper ...
...ng and stopping the stopwatch, but the most accurate times as possible were recorded.
None of the variables changed throughout the duration of the experiment. Because the variables remained controlled, this increased the reliability and validity of the results.
For next time, a sheet with planned instructions of what is expected of the participant and detailed step-by-step instructions on what to do would benefit the examiner and the participant because we found that some did not quite understand the concept at first so it was difficult for them to understand fully what they were suppose to do.
Conclusion:
In Conclusion, the experimental hypothesis was supported and proved to be true. By looking at the results from the table and graph above, we can see that the reaction times of the black and white model were faster than those for the color model.
The ultimate goal for a system of visual perception is representing visual scenes. It is generally assumed that this requires an initial ‘break-down’ of complex visual stimuli into some kind of “discrete subunits” (De Valois & De Valois, 1980, p.316) which can then be passed on and further processed by the brain. The task thus arises of identifying these subunits as well as the means by which the visual system interprets and processes sensory input. An approach to visual scene analysis that prevailed for many years was that of individual cortical cells being ‘feature detectors’ with particular response-criteria. Though not self-proclaimed, Hubel and Wiesel’s theory of a hierarchical visual system employs a form of such feature detectors. I will here discuss: the origins of the feature detection theory; Hubel and Wiesel’s hierarchical theory of visual perception; criticism of the hierarchical nature of the theory; an alternative theory of receptive-field cells as spatial frequency detectors; and the possibility of reconciling these two theories with reference to parallel processing.
Colors of cretin things can appear different at some situations. For example, blood as we know it is red, that color that you see through your eyes of the blood in our veins is “red” but underwater, at 30 feet underneath the surface your blood turns, or rather appears green due to the light bouncing off of it is much less than it is at the surface as mentioned in the article “Did you know that your blood is green underwater?” by Fun Facts (see Article 2). These examples got me interested from the class discussions we had and how the philosophers viewed sense perception and the kind of thought they had of
The lab experiment did prove that Crayola colors are not of pure substances but rather a mixture of specific color compounds needed to produce said colors. The experiment also proved that different color pigments have different densities (the lighter ones moved up the filter paper with the water, while the heavier ones adhered to the filter paper longer.)
One wonders what takes place in the brain to cause such phenomenal differences in perception. The cause is unknown for certain, like many things in the realm of science it has not been researched nearly enough, but there are some indications.
Going into details of the article, I realized that the necessary information needed to evaluate the experimental procedures were not included. However, when conducting an experiment, the independent and dependent variable are to be studied before giving a final conclusion.
In a study done by V. S. Ramachandran and Zeve Marcus, seven synaesthetes and thirteen non-synaesthetes were tested on their personal effects of the McCollough effect (2017). Collectively, this study showed that the observations made could prove the possibility that the McCollough effect can take advantage of the color connections that synesthetes already possess to strengthen the effects.
A popular subject within psychology is that of selective attention, particularly visual, auditory or visual and auditory attention (Driver, 2001). There are many theories of visual and auditory attention that provide us with a greater understanding of the ways in which humans attend to different stimuli (Driver, 2001), such as Broadbent’s (1958) filter theory of attention, for example. This essay will compare and contrast theories of visual and auditory attention, as well as discussing how well these theories explain how we attend to objects. The essay will consist of three auditory attention theories of Broadbent’s filter theory, Treisman’s (1964) attenuation theory, and Deutsch and Deutsch’s (1963) late selection model of attention; and two models of visual attention known as the spotlight model, such as Treisman and Gelade’s (1980) feature integration model, and the zoom-lens model of visual attention (see Styles, 2006). Broadbent’s (1958) filter theory of attention proposes that there is a filter device between sensory identification and short-term memory.
However, there as several problems which hinders the reading process, one of them being ‘tunnel vision’. This is a condition experienced by most readers especially beginners. This is because they lack ‘non visual information’ when trying to digest certain texts. Non visual information is what is stored in the brain, prior knowledge or specific information which will enable the brain to associate with whatever is received through the eyes thus bringing comprehension to the reader’s mind when reading a text. The inability of the brain to use this information due the over-load of visual information, will cause it to take more time to make decisions on what are seen. For example, a student unfamiliar with certain words in a purposely distorted text may have to take a few seconds longer to recognize them rather than familiar words which only require a single glance.
However, categorical perception and its effects are not limited to auditory stimuli. As mentioned earlier, a categorical perception effect can also be seen in different kinds of visual stimuli.The perception of colors in a rainbow may be the most obvious example of CP. Even though a rainbow consists of many different wavelengths of visible light, observers only perceive distinct colors and not the full continuum of existing visible light (Goldstone, 2009). In addition to applying to relatively simple stimuli such as colors, categorical perception can also partially explain expertise in certain subject areas. Radiologists, for instance, are particularly skilled at spotting differences between X-Ray images. These experts have developed an ability to spot meaningful (cross-category)differences while minimizing irrelevant (within-category) ones (Goldstone, 1994). Categorical perception has also been demonstrated in facial expressions and basic shapes (Beale and Keil,
It was determined that infants develop color vision at or around three months of age and that when final results were evaluated and compared to adult (only) measures, actually have better quality color vision (Brown et al., 1994). An interesting study by Chase (1937) made efforts to discover the identities of color in which infants that aged 2 to 10 weeks old were tested to find out what colors they could perceive. The results they came up with were that very young infants could tell the difference between the primary colors and combinations but there were numerous limitations to the study (Chase, 1937). The study had placed infants to lie down and view a screen while observing eye movements (Chase, 1937). Findings by Franklin, Pilling, and Davies (2005) explain that color categorizing occurs in four month old infants and adults alike. A study by Bornstein, Kessen, & Weiskopf (1976) has supporting evidence that color is categorized in 4 month old infants and determined the boundaries within...
He suggests that when analyzing colors and their role in brain processes, we are misinterpreting the way it should be understood. When we speak about these sensations that are synonymous with the brain processes, it should be said as “There is something going on which is like what is going on when ____,” (149). In the case of seeing red as mentioned before, the statement would appear as “There is something going on which is like what is going on when I have my eyes open, am awake, and there is an emission of red cast from an object, that is, when I really see red." Ultimately, I do not believe this response is an adequate answer to the objection. It appears that Smart is merely altering the linguistic nature of the question rather than providing a solution to the problem. This “something” neutralizes the difference between a brain process and a sensation without giving a sound reason as to why or how they would be considered identical rather than
== Refer to Chemistry Lab # 2 – Investigating Changes. No changes have been made in this experiment. Results = ==
Visual Discrimination is “using the sense of sight to notice and compare the features of different items to distinguish one item from another” (NCLD Editorial Team, 2014) http://www.ncld.o...
The design for this study will be a simple between subject experiment consisting of one experimental group and one control group. The independent variable will be warm colors. The dependent variable will be mood. The main goal is to determine if the independent variable will influence or cause difference in the specified dependent variable. The experiment group will spend 60 minutes in a warm paint color room and their mood will be measured. The control group will spend 60 minutes in a neutral paint color room and their mood will be measured.
McClelland, J. L., & Rumelhart, D. E. (1981). An interactive activation model of context effects in letter perception: I. An account of basic findings. Psychological review, 88(5), 375.