The Spanish Influenza in Missouri
Reports of the Spanish Influenza continue to bombard us from St. Louis, Missouri, as inhabitants of that fine city take many precautions to safeguard themselves and their families against this incendiary malady currently sweeping our great nation. At a time of war when our country needs our strength the most it is important that we fight this Influenza head on, taking whatever actions necessary to eradicate it from our fine shores. Let us take a page from St. Louis's book on how to prevent this illness from spreading.
Culling through the pages of this fine publication you may notice many advertisements for products meant to maintain the health of your loved ones. Things to help them look and feel their best. Instructions and products for ridding oneself of dandruff or bleaching one's freckles with lemon juice abound--helping you, dear readers, to be your best! Most importantly [there are] prescriptions for how to keep your family healthy, and to avoid catching the Spanish Influenza that has the very city of St. Louis in its fiery grips! One of the most common preventatives are powders or liquids meant to cleanse the bowels of impurities which leave your body tired and open to infection by this dastardly plague. Also for your little ones who do not enjoy the tastes of medicines are Cascarets, delicious candy-like drops that cure children of biliousness and sour stomach. As we all know, purging one's system of impurities is a medical miracle that has been long-held and used to restore the health of many from early times in western Europe. However, there are drawbacks to using medicines as a preventative against the Influenza epidemic. Why, just yesterday the Water Commissioner answered complaints from the citizens of St. Louis who complained that "the water tastes like medicine." The water, he explained, is not being treated in any different fashion, but that "an unusually large number of people are taking medicine and its lingering taste might be attributed by some to the water."
By October 3, earlier this year influenza had been reported in 43 states. It was at this time that St. Louis's Health Society Head, Dr. Evans, urged any members of the community with ailments as minor as the common cold to cover their mouths upon sneezing, and to please cover their faces with a hankie when in public.
Disease and war go hand and hand in war. Throughout history, any major military conflict opens a can of worms of disease and death, by moving people to new environments, as well as, cramming them into confined quarters the perfect habitat for human pathogens to prosper. At the turn of the last century Cuba was seeking independence from Spain, which the Spanish resisted by relocating rebel groups. This relocation and increase in density escalated the already problematic yellow fever epidemic. The fear of relocation caused many Cubans to immigrate to the United States, many with yellow fever in tow. While the United States joined the war effort for many reasons, including the prosperity of the sugar industry, the spread of freedom, or the sinking of the Maine, it was the pressing fear of disease that led to an imminent threat to the people of the Gulf Coast. This threat materialized after the US forces landed in Havana and experienced the disease firsthand. In response to the overwhelming number of infected soldiers, the US Government sent a group of Army physicians to undergo a major sanitation effort to clean up Cuba. The work of Walter Reed and the second Yellow Fever Commission through their sanitation efforts led to many advances in the understanding of disease and population health. Starting with the threat of escaping Cuban refugees to the treating of infected Soldiers to the advancement in epidemiology, yellow fever had a major impact on not only the US entrance to the war with Spain, but to the development of modern medicine and the first American Empire.
Prior to the United States entering the war, the major problem in America was the Great Depression. As they watched the war spread, many maintained the “isolationist” mindset because of thoughts of World War I ("World War II."). Tragedy struck on December 7, 1941 when Japanese forces attacked Pearl Harbor. The attack on Pearl Harbor was the action that made the United States question their neutrality and was the last of the of the U.S’s isolation. Due to the tension between the United States and Japan preceding the war, the attack on Pearl Harbor was not much of a surprise ("World War II."). Three days later, Germany and Italy declared war on the United States. Now with the United States joining Britain in the fight against the Axis Powers industries began to produce military goods ("World War II"). Businesses increased because of the need for more people to work in the factories, so unemployment, caused by the Great Depression, lowered. The increase in businesses put an end to the Great ...
CDC (2007, 02) Community strategy for pandemic influenza mitigation in the United States Retrieved from http://www.flu.gov/planning-preparedness/community/community_mitigation.pdf
...ssor Heather MacDougall, “July – 11 November 1918: Pandemic Influenza on the Battlefield and Homefront,” Lecture delivered 9 November, 2011, HIST 191, University of Waterloo
The American Revolution was started in 18th century based on the political, social and economical reasons in the thirteen colonies. The colonists discovered the United States of America by refusing the nobility and monarchy of the Great Britain. During the Revolution, an epidemic disease called smallpox was spread devastatingly and frequently. Smallpox was an enormously contagious disease caused by a specific type of virus variola which spread into the thirteen American colonies. The disease was new in the country to take place in Boston, Massachussetts first and by spreading the virus made a severe threat all over. It began with infection mainly in the blood vessels of the human skin and mouth, resulted in different kinds of symptoms for
The Influenza Pandemic of 1918-1919 occurred during the midst of World War I, and it would claim more lives than the war itself. The disease erupted suddenly without a forewarning and spread rapidly across the globe. It seemed as though all of humanity had fallen under the mercy of this deadly illness. Influenza had very clear symptoms as described by William Collier in his letter to The Lancet. After a patient seizes their temperature can run up to 105° or more while their pulse averages at about 90 beats per minute. The high temperature and low pulse are frequently combined with epistaxis (nosebleed) and cyanosis (blueness of the skin). The epistaxis is caused by the high temperature and the cyanosis is caused by a lack of oxygen due to the decreased pulse (Kent 34). The author of Influenza Pandemic of 1918-1919, Susan Kinglsey Kent, provides a brief history of the pandemic and documents from the time period. Many of the included documents show how unprepared and unorganized governments attempted to contain and control a disease they had never experienced, and how the expectations of the governments changed as a result of their successes and failures.
Attention-Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder, more commonly referred to as simply ADHD, is the most commonly diagnosed disorder among American children today. According to the National Institute on Mental Health an estimated 3 to 5 percent of school age children are affected by this disorder. (1) There are more diagnosed cases of ADHD of in the United States than there are anywhere in the world. The main symptoms of ADHD include "developmentally inappropriate levels of attention, concentration, activity, distractibility, and impulsivity." (1) While the number of people diagnosed with ADHD increases dramatically every year, there is still much about the disorder that is not understood. While scientists have deduced that ADHD originates in the brain, they still have many questions about the nature of it. The classification of Attention-Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder has become quite a controversial topic in American society today. There are some who believe that by recognizing the symptoms associated with the disorder as ADHD; science is simply putting a band-aid on a problem that could be otherwise corrected with behavior modification.
“Seasonal Influenza-Associated Hospitalization in the United States.” USA.gov, 24 June 2011. Web. 31 Jan. 2012
... The interview with John reminded of how culture is defined as the norms, opinions, beliefs, values, and world views shared by a group of individuals and transmitted across generations. After the interview my perception about John change because I have always known him as passive, spoiled kid, and lazy. However, he proved me wrong by his honest response and the fact that he has a job and pays his own bills. He was very sick during the course of the interview and would not turn down or say no to my request; he deserves respect and honor for that. The one thing we culturally shared together is that we are both American immigrants thriving for the same dream from the greatest country on earth which most Americans take for granted. The background of John varies greatly and shares witness to the multiplicity of experiences that characterize the immigrants’ journey.
As the days went by and the number of deaths began to increase, the Board of Health in London began to improve people’s living conditions by creating the indoor restroom, This, however, caused more problems for the people of London, due to the lack of a proper sewage system, “London needed a citywide sewage system that could remove waste products from houses in a reliable and sanitary fashion,...,The problem was one of jurisdiction, not execution,”(Page 117). London didn’t have a place where the sewers could lead off to which keep the disease spreading when people used the restroom. After months of battling the type of disease London was faced with, Mr. Snow convinced the Board of Health to remove the water pump that was on Board Street. By getting rid of this pump, Mr. Snow helped stop major outbreaks from recurring, “The removal of the pump handle was a historical turning point, and not because it marked the end of London’s most explosive epidemic,..., It marks a turning point in the battle between urban man and Vibrio cholera, because for the first time a public institution had made an informed intervention into a cholera outbreak based on a scientifically sound theory of the disease.”(Page 162- 163). This marked the end of the London epidemic and how the world of science
Often times, drugs are used to alter the state of mind of the victim of the date rape. Aside from the encouraged or almost forced intake of excessive alcohol, the most common drugs used are Rohypnol, Gamma Hydroxy Butyrate (GHB), and Ketamine Hydrochloride, these drugs referred to by a number of names, including “ActiveSex,” “Roofies,” “Ruffies,” “Roche,” “R-2,” “Rib,” and “Rope.” These drugs, commonly called date rape drugs, act very quickly and are odorless and tasteless, making them very difficult to detect when mixed in drinks or with other drugs. Some are able to render the victim nearly unconscious and greatly hinder memory, yet still leave the victim with enough consciousness that they can be responsive and can seem to others to not be under any seriously dangerous intoxication. However, in reality, the victim will become a passive participant, essentially defenseless but still able to play a role in what is happening in the environment. Also, the drugs will leave the body within 72 hours of ingestion and are not found in any routine toxicology screen or blood test so it is very difficult to determine whether or not the drugs have been used in a rape case unless the victim goes to the authorities almost immediately after the incident has occurred and explains the symptoms that they experienced that were likely to be caused by some type of drug that they did not knowingly take.
“The Influenza Pandemic of 1918.” Billings, Molly. Stanford University Virology. June 1, 1997. retrieved from http://virus.stanford.edu/uda/
When the victim reports the incident to the police there is a long process that follows to convict the rapist. For date rape, which may be a result of teenage drinking or drug use at parties, there is a low percentage rate of the rapist going to jail because society does not understand that no means no. Because of this it is very hard for victims to get justice. For example, there was a girl in West Ch...
daily practice of washing their bacteria laden hands in water intended for a batch of
Operations management focuses on managing the processes of producing and distributing products and services. Operations activities often include product creation, development, production and distribution. It deals with all operations within the organization. Related activities include managing purchases, inventory control, quality control, storage, logistics and evaluations. The nature of how operations management is carried out in an organization depends very much on the nature of products or services in the organization, for example, retail, manufacturing, wholesale, etc.