The Solution phase is a mix of similarities and differences for each model. The Rational model incorporates a decision matrix to assist with the selection of a solution. Each option is listed with three various outcomes based off the criteria and each option’s ability to solve the problem. By utilizing a matrix, the user can play each solution out in order theoretically see the likelihood of success, which provides the user with a better chance of success in solving the problem. In the pharmacy example, we took Kramm’s top three solutions into the matrix and developed possible outcomes based off the set criteria. This gave the team a visual of possible outcomes and results for each, enabling us, as well as Kramm, to make a smarter decision by …show more content…
Like the other models, all the facts and details of each model are evaluated and compared. Unlike the other models, however, the Ethical model places a stronger focus on the ethics of each option. Various questions are asked, such as the legality of the option, alignment with community and personal values, and whether it will set a precedent. By asking these questions, in addition to examining the standard facts, the user will be able to identify the consequences of their decision on the people it impacts; ideally, this will greatly guide the direction in which the user travels in, which hopefully is in the best interest of those they are serving. Through examining Kramm, he likely asked these questions while examining his options; he viewed the risks to humans, particularly his daughter, in his selection of his solution. My team concluded that he acted ethically, as he was acting in the best interest in improving the health and comfort of others and not in his own interest. The purpose of this step in the Ethical model is to prevent selfish or unethical decisions from occurring, and if followed correctly, it can identify any flaws in a solution
We have one resident in the long-term facility who has stage four cancer of spinal cord and he has been suffering from intense pain. Every time when I enter his room, he cries and implore to the god that he can minimize his suffering. He has prescription of hydromorphone 8 mg every 4 hourly PRN , oxycodone 5 mg every 6 hourly and 50 mcg of fentanyl path change every 3rd day. After giving all scheduled and PRN medicine his pain level remains same as before. When I see that patients I feel like to give highest dose of medicine as well as alternative pain management therapy so that he can have some comfort but ethically I have no right to do that. He is hospice but he has no comfort at all. Following are the nine steps of Uustal ethical decision making model.
n this reflective journal entry, we are going to look at that the ethical issues that were presented in the Ethics Game simulations, the decision-making steps that were completed to address ethically the issues, and the ethical lenses that I used to make decisions throughout the simulation. We are also going to take a look at how these different ethical lenses influenced my decision and the how I could use the concepts that I have learned in my workplace.
Sometimes in life there are instances in which and individual must make a decision that will question their moral fiber. These instances could vary from whether or not to help others in need, decide whether an action is right or wrong or even when deciding who should live and who must die. How does one logically reason to an ethnical conclusion to these situations?
R- Review the options and apply ethical decisions to the options: (Erin make her parents aware, she would be supported and guided to make the right choice, providing information or referral where she can be assisted can prevent harm and make informed decision).
According to Pozgar (2016), the consequential theory of ethics asserts that the ethical merits of any action can be determined by examining the outcome, or results, of that action. An action is considered ethical if the outcome is more positive or good, than negative or evil. Regarding the case of Smith v. Friends Hospital (PA Super, 2006), where the plaintiff alleged that she was beaten and sexually assaulted by hospital staff while she was hospitalized, the consequential theory ethics can seemingly be easily applied. Certainly, the physical and sexual assault of anyone would not be considered ethical behavior because it results in an evil outcome. Despite the intentions of the “attacker,” a person is harmed, and therefore this behavior
Apply the ethical decision-making model. Using the detailed analysis of alternative actions (Chapter 5, Table 5-1), create a table analyzing potential alternative solutions for your dilemma.
Abortion has been a political, social, and personal topic for many years now. The woman’s right to choose has become a law that is still debated, argued and fought over, even though it has been passed. This paper will examine a specific example where abortion is encouraged, identify the Christian world views beliefs and resolution as well as the consequences of such, and compare them with another option.
Review of “Situationism and Virtue Ethics on the Content of Our Character” by Rachana Kamtekatar
Since ethical dilemmas are not always easily answered through the use of The Code of Ethics, ethical decision-making models are effective tools that can assist nurses in dealing with ethical issues. Ethical decision-making models provide a framework for working through difficult choices. They seek to define the limits of what is morally acceptable and help clarify the guidelines for making those difficult decisions. Ethical decision making models assist nurses in analyzing situations by focusing on understanding the patient needs, need for responsiveness to circumstantial considerations, and recognizing the uniqueness of each situation.
The Ethical Decision Making Model is an ethical guideline that is useful in ethical dilemmas and what course of action to take. It’s a framework that allows professionals to analyze and make ethical decisions to the best of their ability. It gives counselors a protocol to determine the appropriate course of action when faced difficult challenge. These decisions are taking into account; reflect a concern for the interests and the well-being of all clients concerns. Counselors should keep in mind the Golden Rule: “Do onto others as you would want onto you”.
The six steps of the model are as follows: Identify the ethical dilemma, collect information, state the options, apply ethical principles to those options, make the decision, and implement the decision (Beemsterboer, 2010). The first step is to identify the ethical dilemma, which Beemsterboer describes as the most critical step in the model. To identify the ethical dilemma, one must recognize that the problem is an ethical dilemma with no one clear answer, and expound upon what the ethical question is. The next step is to collect information about the situation and values involved “as a basis for an informed decision.” (Beemsterboer, 2010, para. 8). After defining the ethical dilemma and gathering information about it, one must then state as many options as possible which may resolve the problem (Beemsterboer, 2010). Due to that fact that more than one decision may remedy an ethical dilemma, it is important to discuss all available options to better understand all angles of the situation and how to deal with as many of them as possible. Once all alternatives have been stated, each must be weighed against ethical principles. Beemsterboer suggests in the discussion of each option a list of pros and cons be made to demonstrate how the option may protect of violate ethical principles and values (2010).?? After analyzing each alternative it is much easier
The method of ethical decision making which was developed by Dr. Cathryn A. Baird presented two components contained in all ethical decisions which are; The Four ethical Lenses and the 4+1 Decision process. The Four Ethical Lenses issue claims that different ethical theories and the means in which we tend to approach the situations which form part of our ethical traditions are looked at in four different perspectives. From each perspective there are different values on which to decide whether the action taken is either ethical or not and each lens also lays emphasis on determining whether the decision made is of ethical requirement. In the 4+1 Decision Process, people who are responsible for making final decisions in an organization do it using four specific decision making steps and eventually will end up with one extra decision which gives a chance to reflect. The 4+1 decision process allows the decision makers to give solutions when faced with complicated ethical issues (John Muir Institute for Environmental Studies, 2000).
In philosophy, there are many different views regarding what is thought to constitute ethical behavior. Among them are the cultural relativist, utilitarian, and Kantian. Given a situation where someone must choose to either kill one person out of thirty so that the others could live or let all thirty people die in order to maintain their moral duty, the distinctive philosophical views would lead to varying responses. They contribute opposing ideas on what the right decision is. Generally, these three ethical theories have the power to influence what happens next.
As a function, ethics is a philosophical study of the moral value of human conduct, and of the rules and principles it should govern. As a system, ethics are a social, religious, or civil code of behavior considered correct by a particular group, profession, or individual. As an instrument, ethics provide perspective regarding the moral fitness of a decision, course of action, or potential outcomes. Ethical decision-making can include many types, including deontological (duty), consequentialism (including utilitarianism), and virtue ethics. Additionally, subsets of relativism, objectivism, and pluralism seek to understand the impact of moral diversity on a human level. Although distinct differences separate these ethical systems, organizations
The following five-step model can help employees make appropriate decisions when faced with an ethical dilemma. The first step is to recognize the issue. Knowing what is the root cause and the main issue can help determine what ethical issue is at hand. The next step is to get the facts of the situation. Eliminating bias opinions and knowing the information source can increase the chances of making a good decision.