The Solidarity Movement In the summer of 1980 Communist Poland was experiencing labor unrest at an unprecedented level. Living standards were still very low, the economy was stagnant, and food shortages and inflation were abundant. The Polish Communist Party was faced with nationwide strikes, and their tactics of buying off workers had failed because there were too many people striking. However, when the strikes spread to the Lenin Shipyard in Gdańsk on August 14th, everything was about to change. The strikers were backed by waves of support from other industrial centers, and the Communist Party was forced to negotiate with them. Under the leadership of Lech Walesa the strikers emerged victorious and the formation of an independent trade union called Solidarity was born. To begin, one must look at why the Solidarity Movement in Poland succeeded where so many other revolutionary movements across the Eastern Bloc didn’t. World War II had devastated Europe physically, mentally, and economically. By 1980 “Poland was among the Eastern Bloc countries whose societies were still in the grips of the post-World War II system of totalitarian, communist rule” (Pearce 7). However, in contrast to many of the neighboring countries, Poland was able to maintain bits and pieces of free enterprise and civic associations under communist rule. Nevertheless, the Poles were frequently subjected to the brutal suppression of their rights, freedom of movement, and expression (Pearce 7). Despite these suppressions, the Polish working class had always been well organized to protest against the actions of the communist regime, and “frequent clashes between workers and the authorities began in the late 1940s and were repeated in 1956, 1970 a... ... middle of paper ... ...ews in order to achieve their common goals” (Beyer 15). In conclusion, Solidarity was a movement that helped change the course of two continents. It was a movement by the people and for the people. The iron grip of communism was destroyed, and democracy was born throughout Eastern Europe. Solidarity will always be remembered as the revolution that succeeded where so many others had failed. Today in Polish politics Solidarity's role is somewhat limited, and it has reverted back more toward the role of a more traditional trade union than a political party. The summer of 2005 marked the 25th anniversary of the Solidarity movement, and was a time to remember the hardships of its humble beginnings and to celebrate the changes those hardships inspired across the continent” (Local Life 1). Many of those changes are still being felt today across Eastern Europe.
This strike was a battle over several issues. One factor that escalated the strike intensity was the pensions battle. Billons of dollars in pensions were on the line. The Teamste...
How were revolutionary industrial unionists in Winnipeg influenced to strike in 1919? All Canadians have heard of the Winnipeg General Strike, and many have studied its influences. Coming immediately after the First World War, yet coming before the Great Depression hit, many wonder why Winnipeg workers took up arms when they did? In truth, the strikers were primarily industrial unionists who wanted a revolution. The strikers were aiming for a major difference in the government. Now, to the non-Canadian, Canada has always seemed perfectly calm and neutral. Many would go as far as wondering how Canada could ever have any problems. Therefore, hardly anybody knows of the 1919 Winnipeg General Strike, let alone what caused the strike. Simply put, revolutionary industrial unionists within Canada were influenced to strike by Canada’s involvement in the First World War, the quick and incredible success of Russia’s revolution in 1917, and inflation within the country.
The first turning point in hope for the Chilean road to socialism was that of the election of Salvador Allende as president, which gave many Yarur workers the belief that a ‘workers government’ was on their side. “For the first time, a self-proclaimed ‘workers government’ ruled Chile, dominated by the Left and Pledged to socialist revolution” (Winn, 53). Allende’s role as president gave identity to the Yarur workers that they were being represented and because of so, their struggles of working in the factory conditions set by Amador Yarur would come to an end. This identification with Allende as being represented by there own voice became the first stepping-stone to the demand for socialization of the factory. “The election of a ‘Popular Government’ was a signal...
The organization of IWW was the first of many strikes brought up by Zinn. The IWW’s strike may have been one of the biggest and most fearful strikes of the time period. The strike started in February 1919 in Seattle, WA. The walkout of nearly 100,000 workers brought the city to a substantial halt for five days. The strike was quiet and orderly, citizens handled it quite well. The strikers organized milk
...feelings prevailed over those of unification. The division inside the socialistic party put only one question in front of Europe - how will the bettering of the workers' lives come upon the continent, through gradual small reforms or through big and rapid revolution?
The Progressive Movement The progressive movement of the early 20th century has proved to be an intricately confounded conundrum for American historians. Who participated in this movement? What did it accomplish, or fail to accomplish? Was it a movement at all? These are all significant questions that historians have been grappling with for the last 60 years, thus creating a historical dialogue where in their different interpretations interact with each other.
In addition to these street demonstrations, there were massive waves of workers’ strikes in the mines and steel mills. At first, the government tried to threaten the protesters; the Committee of National Defense announced preparations for a national state of emergency. By the determination of the workers, the Communist realized that talks with the unofficial trade union were unavoidable. The actions of the workers’ forced the Communist regime to begin talking about the trade union movement called Solidarity.... ... middle of paper ... ...(1989 Twenty Years
Zabecki, David T. "Poland: World War II." World at War: Understanding Conflict and Society. ABC-CLIO, 2013. Web. 10 Nov. 2013.
The women’s movement had been characterized by women's wish to acquire equal legal status to men by obtaining civil and political rights recorded in the Constitution and legislation. In Romania, the first wave of the feminist movement had been held simultaneously with the women’s movement in West, and it had been a movement of the elite, educated women with access to international information. An important period of this movement was before the establishment of the Romanian Constitution in 1923. It was the most democratic Constitution and women started an intense activity of lobbying for their rights until 1947. Between 1947 and 1989 Romania was pushed under Soviet influence by the Red Curtain, and the feminist activity was eradicated. Although Communism proclaimed gender equality between men and women, this had been acted contradictorily in public sphere and private life. Freedom has been detracted by the Communist Party, and women’s private lives had been controlled by the Party by limiting their legal rights. After the Romanian Revolution in 1989, it was taken a modest initiative on the situation of gender equality and women’s rights in Romanian society. Since 1989 until the present, Romanian women’s roles and rights in society is becoming a priority in Romania. In addition, the promotion of equal opportunities for women and men is also a priority in the democracy, and under Western influence and European legislation. This essay will attempt to outline the difficulties representing the causes of the women’s movement and some of the effects of social, economic and political rights.
The labor union movement over the years has shaped the way individuals work and live for both the nicest and unpleasant. Some would think the unions influence has created a power struggle between management and union leaders. In today’s time, some citizens insist the existence of unions are a must to aid in employee freedom, while others view the labor unions as just another problem in the line of progress. The purpose of labor unions was for employed workers to come together and collectively agree on fundamental workplace objectives. The rise of the union came about after the Civil War- responding to the industrial economy. Surprisingly at the least unions became popular within the 1930-50’s and began to slowly decrease, starting in the 1960’s on to today. Although, the popularity of labor unions has decreased, its importance remains to be evident with politics, journalism, auto, and the public education industries. The objective of this paper is to shine light upon labor unions, taking a closer look at the disputed issues of union ethics, concerns of union diversity, and the opposing viewpoints of labor unions.
Bringing Reconstruction to the broken economic structures in the United States has arguably been one of the most enduring and significant issues that the country had faced in its time. As Richard Hofstadter, explain that the progressive movement presented in his essay, “The Status Revolution and Progressive Leaders” by analyzing the common beliefs of the reform groups in the modern perspective. By doing this, it will then to elucidate historical distortions, most notably between the New Deal and Progressivism. The progressive movement brought to the place of entirely during the moment of sustained and prosperity. The reading brought views and thoughts of why did the concerns of the leaders for progression. The leaders contributed the movements for a political and intellectual stand for finance to formulate ideas. I agree with Richard Hofstadter that with a nation for a rather broad diffusion on money, status, and power for an average man in the 1870s can be influence with the absence of many nationwide sources of the powerful and prestige. Also in Hofstadter’s essay, he explained his thought that mugwunps, were Republican political activists who is against the Republican Party by supporting Democratic candidate and also a name given to the unwanted and used up, were Progressives that are victims in the disturbance status. It also presented that the United States was a land that gave people opportunity and place money; however, the civil war increased more. The Mugwump were usually Republican, that were succeeded and thrived; however, people of new wealth in the turn of the century had uncontrollable power unlike the men had seen before. They basically opposed the large attention of wealth and influence th...
Paul Hawken, in the chapter “Blessed Unrest,” records the people of a new social movement, as well as their ideals, goals, and principles. He writes how they are connected, along with the diversity and differences they bring to make the social movement unique. Hawken communicates to the readers the various social, environmental, and political problems they will encounter in today’s world as well as similar problems of the past. Problems that these groups of organizations are planning to undertake with the perseverance of humanity.
"There is a serious struggle in Greece for three years. We have the largest number of national strikes in Europe. There are strikes at individual plants, factories, private and public sectors. " - General Secretary of the Communist Party of Greece Aleka Papariga, January 30, 2012
In the second half of the nineteenth century, after almost 30 years of general calm, the Polish people once again began protesting Russian rule. Meetings were held and discussions raged about reforms and emancipatio...
First off, during World War One and in the 1920s, women did not have political/voting rights and were treated unfairly when it came to politics and the government. When World War One broke out, women’s roles changed from mothers to factory workers. War was considered more important than anything else and gender did not matter. The campaign for women’s suffrage closed out aggressive activities and the suffragettes agreed to help with the war. Women’s suffrage was an issue during World War One, and this kept women from being able to vote. During 1914, The Suffragette Movement happened—this was when suffragists worked hard to convince men in the government to give women their voting rights (Stearman 10). James F. McMillan states in his book “The Coming of Women’s Suffrage”: “By identifying with the state, feminists could hope that the state would identify with women and recognize their rights in the public sphere” (McMillan 25 April 2014). Eventually, the rights in politics for women started to evolve. In 1917 to 1919, voting rights for women evolved. Starting in 1917, voting rights were only given to nurses. In 1918, they were given to females of relative soldiers and those involved in conscription. In 1919, voting was given to all women and the amendment passed through the Senate (Stearman 18). During this time period, 8.5 million women were granted the power of voting—this was 40% of the total number of women (Sungrab 10 April 2014). Voting should be universal and should not discriminate anyone because of gender. Women worked hard to achieve their goal: by protesting in parades, campaigning with posters and asking the government to give them their rights not just as women, but as humans. Welfare, benefits, voting and healthcare we...