The Skeletal System

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The skeleton forms a strong framework for the human body and there are two main parts of the skeleton; the axial skeleton which is the core part of the skeleton, it comprises of the skull, spine, ribs and sternum and the appendicular skeleton which is the limbs that hang from the axial skeleton with the girdles that attach them to it. The skeletal system performs 5 vital functions which are support, movement, protection of organs, shape and blood cell production or haematopoiesis and mineral storage. The skeletal system is made up of different bones and connective tissues such as tendons and ligaments. ‘We classify the different types of bones into various groups dependent on their structure; long, short, irregular, flat or sesamoid’ (Wilson, …show more content…

Structural classification is based on 2 criteria; presence/absence of a synovial cavity and the type of connective tissue that binds the bones together. The types of different joints within the body are; Fibrous, Cartilaginous and Synovial joints. Fibrous joints have no joint cavity, they are held together by fibrous connective tissue and have no movement. Cartilaginous joints have no joint cavity, they are held together by cartilage and have some movement. Palastanga & Soames (2012) states that ‘synovial joints are a class of freely mobile joints, with movement being limited by muscles, ligaments and the associated joint capsules.’ Synovial joints have a synovial cavity with synovial fluid, they are surrounded by a capsule and ligaments and allow a lot of …show more content…

These fractures occur most commonly in the spine, wrist and hips but can affect other bones. Osteoporosis is caused by the imbalance between bone formation and bone destructions and is a result of a decrease in formation of bone forming osteoblast cells. ‘Common features of osteoporosis are: skeletal deformity, gradual loss of height with age, caused by compression of vertebrae; bone pain and factures, especially of the hip (neck of femur), wrist (Colles’ fracture) and vertebrae’ (Wilson, 2014). Certain factors can increase the chance of developing Osteoporosis, such as; oestrogen deficiency, lack of exercise, poor diet and heavy

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