The Search for Large Extra Dimensions using Dijet Production from pp Collisions at 1.8 TeV
Abstract
The search for extra dimensions has been a topic of great interest and has been investigated with a variety of methods and techniques of analysis.[1,2,3,4] The existence of Large Extra Dimensions (LED) can be determined given that (at ~ Mew or greater) gravity and its mediator, the graviton (spin 2), can access these extra dimensional manifolds. Atwood has developed a model using hadron colliders and the cross-sections for a 2 T 2 hadronic dijet process.[2] We propose to use this model and to make a best fit as well as to establish bounds using Ms, the Planck energy scale for when quantum gravity causes a noticeable change from the SM, and n, the number of compacted extra dimensions.
Introduction
Popular string theories predict a 10 + 1 dimension space-time with the extra dimensions creating compacted manifolds. However, the size of these manifolds would be on the order of 10-35 m, and the energy needed for experimental test is significantly far out of the range of even very imaginative future colliders. The model proposed by Arkani-Hamed, Dimopoulos, and Dvali (ADD) introduces the possibility for extra dimensions (ED) to exist in order to solve the hierarchy problem of the physics at two very different energy scales. The first scale is the current experimental scale where physics is dictated by the SM (~Mew, the electro-weak scale), and the other scale is at the Planck scale (MPl).[1] In addition, ED may also help explain losses in transverse momenta and monojet events.[1,2,3,4].
The strength of gravity is about 1037 times weaker than the weak nuclear force. At some point on the energy scale, as most physics and especially Grand Unified Theories seem to indicate, all of the forces must be “unified.” This will certainly happen around the Planck energy scale (MPl » 1017 GeV). Although the three strongest forces appear to be coming closer in relative strength with increasing energy, an extrapolation of the coupling constants for these forces using the SM will not cross at the same point.[5] However, supersymmetry and other related theories such as Technicolor, which have be cleverly devised in part to solve this (7s) problem, seem to predict that they will cross together with additional physics beyond the SM.[1,5]
On the other hand, if unification is to occur, at some point gravity must make a tremendous climb in strength to be unified with the other forces.
Could our psychological development be mainly hereditary, affected by the environment or both? Many psychologists have often questioned whether our personality traits are inherited as a result of genetics; or if they are caused by their surrounding environment through life experiences, the way we were taught, or where we grew up, and therefore learned. We share our parents ' DNA in the physical sense. I might have long legs like my mother and green eyes like my father, but where did I get my love to paint, or my natural athletic abilities.
Quantum Mechanics This chapter compares the theory of general relativity and quantum mechanics. It shows that relativity mainly concerns that microscopic world, while quantum mechanics deals with the microscopic world.
Obsessive-compulsive disorder tends to stem around certain categories. Fears, such as germs, are often a major category attacked by OCD. (Mayo, 1) These fears turn into obsessions, which can cause detrimental conflict in one’s life. Obsessions are thoughts, images, or impulses that keep reoccurring and lack control by the person obtaining them. (Ocfoundation, 2) Generally, these obsessions are unwanted by the person and are generally disturbing and confusing. Feelings of discomfort typically follow such thoughts as well as the wanting to correct the feeling of discomfort. (Ocfoundation, 3) Some of the most common obsessions today are body contamination, losing control, perfectionism, harm, or unwanted sexual thoughts. (Ocfoundation,4)
An underlying theme present throughout the series is the possibility that our existence is not the only one. According to current theories in physics, it is entirely possible that our universe is just one of many universes f...
Obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) is a type of anxiety disorder that can be best characterized by the recurrent or disturbing thoughts that are labeled as obsessions. Sometime these obsessions can take on the form of intrusive images or the unwanted impulses. The compulsions can come from the repetitive or ritualized behaviors that a person feels driven to perform on a daily basis. The majority of people with the diagnosis of OCD can have both obsessions and compulsions, but most of the times about 20% have obsessions alone while 10% may have the compulsions alone (Goodman M.D., 2013) . Common types that have been illustrated in individual’s diagnoses with OCD can be characterized with concerns of contamination, safety or harm to themselves, unwanted acts of aggression, the unacceptable sexual or religious thoughts, and the need for symmetry or exactness. While some of the most common compulsion can be characterized as excessive cleaning, checking, ordering, and arranging rituals or the counting and repeating routines activities that are done sometimes on a daily basis multiple times in a day.
There are several things that are included in OCD, including its symptoms, treatments and its involvement with the brain. Obsessive Compulsive Disorder recognize their symptoms to be ego-dystonic which are thoughts one would not usually have and not within one’s control but is still a product of one’s mind. The two common symptoms of Obsessive Compulsive Disorder are obsessions and compulsions. Obsessions take the form of persistent and uncontrollable thoughts, images, impulses, worries, fears or doubts. An anonymous writer wrote about his/her images, “These images included hitting, stabbing, poisoning and shooting people, even the people I loved the most…” However, compulsions are either repetitive physical behaviors or mental thought rituals that are performed over and over again to help relieve a person’s anxiety. Over time compulsions can become more elaborate and time- consuming. Shirley Brinkerhoff mentions in her book Amanda, a high school girl facing OCD, said, “Then I started having to count my steps. Like, 387 steps to the bus stop, and if missed...
OCD is an anxiety disorder that is described as someone with obsessive thoughts and/or compulsive behavior. People with OCD are caught up in repetitive behavior and thoughts that they cannot stop. Obsession is defined as unwanted, recurrent, and disturbing thoughts that a person cannot stop. These thoughts are unable to be suppressed and can result in severe anxiety. Compulsions are the result of the obsession. These are repetitive, ritualized behaviors that are done to alleviate the anxiety caused by the obsession. (2) The most common obsessions are fear of contamination, fear of causing harm to another, fear of making a mistake, fear of behaving in a socially unacceptable manner, need for symmetry or exactness, and excessive doubt. The most common compulsions are cleaning/washing, checking, arranging/organizing, collecting/hoarding, and counting/repeating. (3) Some people with OCD have rituals that help relieve the anxiety; however, that relief is only temporary. (4) Most patients (at least 80%) with OCD have both obs...
However, some particles expanded at a faster rate than others branching off in completely different groups in different directions. Our universe expands into a bubble shape and theoretically so would the other particles than branched off on their own. These rogue particles would’ve kept expanding just like the particles that make up our universe. So does that mean that somewhere there are tons of alternate universes different from ours in which certain laws of physics are not in place? This is the multiverse theory that is set in The Wells Bequest. It would explain why certain fictional items can exist in the book while it’s not possible at all in our universe. Because that world isn’t bound by the same laws of physics as ours.
Ellis, G. F. R., U. Kirchner, and W. R. Stoeger "Multiverses and physical cosmology." Monthly
The largest and most powerful particle collider in the world, based in CERN on the border of France and Switzerland, it is a huge undertaking. It is built to assists the scientists in discovering what the Earth is made of; it also plays a crucial part in resolving many theories by scientists. It is a 27 kilometer ring with super magnets that help the particles speed along the way. Some people also argue that it’s a machine that could possibly be dangerous, because it has the capability of creating small BLACK HOLES! “One way or another, it's the world's largest machine and it will examine the universe's tiniest particles. It's the Large Hadron Collider (LHC).”
Obsessive compulsive disorder is a mental illness which affects a person’s thoughts and actions. It is categorized as an anxiety disorder. People with obsessive compulsive disorder are known to have reoccurring thoughts and/or engage in the same behaviors multiple times throughout the day which they feel compelled to do. Sometimes, obsessions become disturbing images or uncontrollable impulses. A person with this disorder most often tries to get rid of obsessive thoughts by pe...
Particle Physics plays an important role in attempting to answer many modern cosmological theories, notably: dark matter, structure formation, baryogenesis and nucleosynthesis. I am going to discuss some of connections between particle physics and cosmology and investigate how experimental particle physics and cosmology can complement each other and how dependable the connections are.
Kirkpatrick, Larry D. and Gerald F. Wheeler. Physics: A World View, 4th ed. Orlando, FL. Harcourt College Publishers: 2001. p- 365-71
The first known stage of the universe was the Planck Epoch. When this happened, all matter was brought down to a single point of infinite density and extreme heat. During this time, it is believed that the quantum effects of gravity dominated physical interactions and that nothing had the equal strength to gravity, not even any physical
...From the vantage point of the third dimension, we can visualize the different parts of the plain unified into a single picture. Likewise, the vantage of the eleventh dimension, looking down on the tenth dimension. As we see the crazy spread of five superstring theories as if they are different patches of the eleventh dimension.