Centuries ago, a dominant worldview was followed by most of the population. The medieval worldview mainly assured that anything wrote on the bible was undeniable, the world was created in six days, earth is the center of the earth, basically they, in contrast with most of the people nowadays, didn’t seek for any responses to their questions, to their doubts, the only truthful and correct answer was “because god did it”, “because god said so”; “Even in the high Middle Ages, Europeans believed that the center of all truth and experience was in God” (reader, the scientific revolution, pg. 2). However, this was about to suffer a drastic change. In the 16th century, this drastic change took place, mainly in science, philosophy and politics. With new discoveries in science, the scientists began to reveal and doubts began to disappear as new discoveries happened, Islam was a great contributor to all of these discoveries. Evolution doctrines were being challenged, to the point that the new doctrines were much more credible. The scientific revolution was a main cause in terms of the growth of secularism in Europe back days. In this revolution writing and discoveries of Scientists like Nicolas Copernicus, Galileo Galilei and Isaac newton led to a new understanding of the universe, a different world view, which went from interpreting God as a first cause, to a an age of reason, in which we live right now. Some of the most important scientific breakthroughs in history came through experimentation and analysis of these scientists.
In medieval Europe it was generally accepted that the Earth lay at the center of the universe and that the sun, planets and stars orbited around it, and all of the planets were like perfect spheres, this was called...
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... their speeds; he assured that the movement can be mathematically described. Such Galileo´s experiments led to people began questioning the ideas of the Church. He disproved many old assumptions made by the Catholic Church during this time, and through his experimentations provoked a reform that resulted in the beginning of secularism. “The Church concluded that his ideas were at variance with both doctrine and Scriptures and demanded, on pain of death, that he recant his views” (The scientific revolution, pg. 6). Regardless of what the church wanted, Galileo insisted that the universe operated as a world machine, everything could be explained out of mathematics, or else, it was wrong. “His revolutionary argument was this: if a physical model did not fit the mathematical properties of the phenomenon, the physical model was wrong” (The scientific revolution, pg. 6).
Who were the four key figures who contributed to disenchanting the view of the universe?
During the Scientific Revolution, the struggle between faith and reason was exhibited through Galileo and his discoveries. The Catholic Church during the time period of the Scientific Revolution did not approve of any outside scientists who came up with new theories and observations. The Church believed that all information about how the world worked was in the bible and that was the only right source. In an excerpt from “What is Scientific Authority?” written by Galileo in 1615, it states, “Showing a greater fondness for their [Catholic Church’s] own opinions than for truth, they sought to deny & disprove the new things which, if they had cared to look for themselves, their own senses would have demonstrated to them…” Galileo Galilei himself knew that the Church was not willing to approve of new ideas from other scientists, but only from the teachings in the Bible. Later on in the excerpt, Galileo writes, “They [Catholic Church] hurled various charges &…made the grave mistake of sprinkling these with passages taken from places in the Bible which they had failed to understand properl...
Galileo Galilei’s heliocentric theory upset the religious authorities because it was a new idea that was different from the commonly held biblical belief that the earth stayed still and was in the center of the universe. Galilei’s heliocentric theory represented the scientific revolution versus the Church’s long held biblically based belief. By writing down his thoughts and publicizing them, Galilei was making them accessible and understandable for all. The Church was threatened because his findings were in direct opposition to the Church’s beliefs. They understood Galilei to be contradicting the bible and committing heresy. Therefore, Galileo Galilei’s heliocentric theory and the Church’s push back against him represented the clash between the new generation that involved scientific knowledge, and the old generation that was based on religion and ancient philosophers.
In his Letter to The Grand Duchess Christina, Galileo challenged the widely accepted religious beliefs of the time, claiming that the conflict lies in their interpretation, not the context. In Galileo’s eyes science was an extremely useful tool that could and should have been used in interpreting the Scriptures. He argued that “the intention of the Holy Ghost is to teach us how one goes to heaven not how heaven goes” (Grand Duchess). The purpose of science was not to counter what the bible teaches; rather its purpose was to help explain the teachings of the scriptures. Furthermore, it was “prudent to affirm that the holy Bible can never speak untruth-whenever its true meaning is understood” (Grand Duchess). However, because of the terminology in which the bible was presented the perception of what the Scripture defined as truth was skewed. The Bible was written so that the common man could understand it and follow its commandments. The people also showed a greater inte...
The main argument which Galileo’s opponents used against his theory was that in many places in the Bible it is mentioned that the Earth stands still and that the Sun revolves around it. Galileo himself was a devout Christian and did not mean to question God’s power or the Holy Writ with his work. As a result, to support his claim, he developed three logical arguments in his letter, which he backed with the opinions of leading Christian authorities, in order to prove that science can reinforce religion rather than discredit it.
Galileo was a mathematician and a natural philosopher, who converted Copernicanism, which states that the earth revolved around the sun, into philosophy and the world’s true nature. By introducing new knowledge and using science to prove existing theories, he had caused a revolution by changing how people perceive the world during the last few hundred years and to doubt the authority of the Church, so as to spur on more people to confront the Church’s interpretations of the Bible and generate more knowledge.
The scientific revolution was what introduced the way we think based on experimentation, observation and how we apply reasoning to the things we do scientifically. During the scientific revooution this way of thinking brought forward new kinds of thinkers otherwise know as enlgihtentment thinkers. These enlightenment thinkers brought there ideas forward, which helped lead the strive for there independence . this is what led to the beginning of the scientific revolution. The scientific revolution began around the mid 1700s and went all the way through the mid 1800s theses revolutions did not only stay in one place, this was happening globally in Europe, the americans and through out the latin American colonies. You might ask yourself what did they these revolutions have in common ? they all became infulanced by one another and was infinced by the enlightenment thinkers.
In 1543 Nicholas Copernicus, a Polish Canon, published “On the Revolution of the Celestial Orbs”. The popular view is that Copernicus discovered that the earth revolves around the sun. The notion is as old as the ancient Greeks however. This work was entrusted by Copernicus to Osiander, a staunch Protestant who though the book would most likely be condemned and, as a result, the book would be condemned. Osiander therefore wrote a preface to the book, in which heliocentrism was presented only as a theory which would account for the movements of the planets more simply than geocentrism did, one that was not meant to be a definitive description of the heavens--something Copernicus did not intend. The preface was unsigned, and everyone took it to be the author’s. That Copernicus believed the helioocentric theory to be a true description of reality went largely unnoticed. In addition to the preface, this was partly because he still made reassuring use of Ptolemy's cycles and epicycles; he also borrowed from Aristotle the notion that the planets must move in circles because that is the only perfect form of motion.
The first record of the movement of the planets was produced by Nicolaus Copernicus. He proposed that the earth was the center of everything, which the term is called geocentric. Kepler challenged the theory that the sun was the center of the earth and proposed that the sun was the center of everything; this term is referred to as heliocentric. Kepler’s heliocentric theory was accepted by most people and is accepted in today’s society. One of Kepler’s friends was a famous person named Galileo. Galileo is known for improving the design and the magnification of the telescope. With improvement of the telescope Galileo could describe the craters of the moon and the moons of Jupiter. Galileo also created the number for acceleration of all free falling objects as 9.8 meters per second. Galileo’s and Kepler’s theories were not approved by all people. Their theories contradicted verses in the bible, so the protestant church was extremely skeptical of both Galileo and Kepler’s
The Scientific Revolution and Enlightenment period were both a time of immense growth in scientific discovery and an increase in the secular view of the world. The Scientific Revolution would include the use of direct observation and experimentation, dependence on mathematical confirmation, and inventions to test new scientific discoveries (Kwak). The new discoveries of the Scientific Revolution led the growing number of literate middle class individuals in the Enlightenment period. This growth of enlightened individuals led to more intellectual and cultural attitudes that shaped modern history throughout the world (Fiero, 134). This paper will analyze the impact of the
Galileo Galilei was an Italian philosopher born in 1564. As an adult, he didn’t believe the universal geocentric theory of the planets and heavens which was established by the Catholic Church. The church taught that the Earth was the center of the universe and everything revolved around our planet. Another theory that the Church supported was that the Earth stood still while the sun rose and set every day. Society in the 1500’s believed that the Pope spoke for God through a divine connection and to against the church was to go against God. To speak out against the church in this time was strictly taboo. If one was to speak against the church was considered to be heresy, which is exactly what happened to Galileo. Galileo invented the telescope and began studying the heavens above and noticed that changes within the stars and planets. He noticed that the “stars” that surrounded Jupiter moved. He came to the conclusion through rational thinking, that the Copernicus’ heliocentric theory was correct. Copernicus was a scientist and philosopher whose theory proposed that the sun was stationary and the heavens orbit around the sun. Galileo tried to convince the church not to aboli...
Galileo was born in 1564 in a time where society was very conforming to the teachings of the church. Despite his discoveries, Galileo was very religious though he tied religion and science into his life. Galileo’s great contribution to science was the telescope, however his greater contribution was the gift of awareness and knowledge. Before Galileo, it was generally accepted that the earth was the center of the universe. This was not based upon data or facts, but merely because the church said so. Prior to the seventeenth century, Europe was stuck in the med-evil era of church teachings. With Galileo’s telescope, however, he was able to show that the sun rather than the earth was the center of the universe. Although this new discovery had a large scientific value, it had a larger impact to society on a religious level.
Revolution is a change in the already existing system. A revolution is defined more by its results and identified as a revolution after it has started. A revolution brings instant changes that could’ve taken hundreds of years, but began the change automatically. In most political revolutions, violence is usually involved. Examples of this would be the French Revolution and the Russian Revolution. Non political movements that produce revolutionary changes are also termed as revolutions because of such a change they’ve made in history. The Scientific Revolution, the Enlightenment, and the Industrial Revolution are evident towards revolution because of how big of an altar they caused the world.
time, people were all acquiesce in geocentrism which was put forward by Eudoxus of Cnidus and
The expansion and endorsement of intellectualism by the many important forward thinking scientists created a desire for social revolution, which, in turn, created an atmosphere conducive to further intellectual study. The Scientific Revolution was, in essence, both a social and intellectual revolution. During the Scientific Revolution, scientists such as Nicolaus Copernicus, Galileo Galilei, Francis Bacon, Rene Descartes, and Christiaan Huygens wrestled with questions concerning God, human intellectualism, and their scientific views of the universe, its purpose, and how it functions. Ultimately, the implications of these new scientific discoveries began to change the way people thought and behaved. People began to question the widely accepted and Roman Catholic Church endorsed Aristotelian views of the universe. This led to the questioning of the traditional views of the state and societal structure. The geocentric Ptolemaic model was no longer blindly accepted. The earth was now no longer easily explainable or thought to be the center of the universe. Beliefs that were hundreds of years old were now proven to be false.