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life cycle of stars research papers
stars formation and existence
life cycle of stars research papers
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‘There are more stars than all of the grains of sand on earth.’(Star Facts, 2005:1)
Looking up at the sky on a vibrant night, the vision is naturally lit one with millions of vivacious, glistening stars. The tenacity of this essay is to explore the lifecycle of a star, thence, signify its manifestation in the universe. A fundamental part of our universe is stars. Hence, these miniature luminous forms are essentially very immense in magnitude and it is merely due to their substantial distance from Earth that they appear so trivial. Scientifically, a star is a ball of hydrogen and helium with sufficient mass that it can endure nuclear mixture at its core. A huge, shining ball of plasma, whose lustre is an outcome of thermonuclear fusion are all properties of a star. In addition, they are held together by gravity. By far the star nearest to earth is probably known by all humans as the Sun. A bright star on Orion’s top-left section named as Betelgeuse is so massive that if it was placed where the sun is, it would swallow up Earth, Mars and Jupiter!2 Furthermore, a teaspoon full of Neutron star would weigh about “112 million tonnes” . Particular stars are known to be 600,000 times brighter than the sun ; thus a stars’ lifespan varies between 1 billion to 10 billion years 2.This essay will discuss a star’s journey from as little as a protostar (foetus) till the final stage as a black hole or a white dwarf (old age- death).
Every star starts off as a protostar and grows its way into the main sequence (adulthood). A protostar is the birth of a star; they are large clouds of hydrogen, helium and dust. In addition, they are often found in groups of combined clusters at the same time. A star initiates truly by its own gravitational redu...
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...ners.com/astronomy/facts.php
Constellations. Retrieved October 12, 2011, from,
http://www.wingmakers.co.nz/Constellations.html
Facts about Stars. Retrieved October, 12, 2011, from,
http://lifestyle.iloveindia.com/lounge/facts-about-stars-3339.html
Main Sequence Stars. Retrieved November, 1, 2011, from, http://outreach.atnf.csiro.au/education/senior/astrophysics/stellarevolution_mainsequence.html#msproperties
Protostar. Retrieved October 24, 2011, from,
http://library.thinkquest.org/05aug/00108/protostar_frameset.htm
Red Giant. Retrieved November, 1, 2011, from, http://library.thinkquest.org/05aug/00108/redgiantpage_frameset.htm
BOOKS:
Conway, A, Coleman, R. 2003, A beginner’s guide to the Universe, Press Syndicate, The University of Cambridge, United Kingdom.
Penston, M, Morison I. 2004, Astronomy, New Holland Publishers, London, England.
The Star Betelgeuse is classified as the ninth brightest star in the night sky and is the second brightest star in Orion's’ constellation. Betelgeuse is a very unique star in the sky when it is compared to other stars.Betelgeuse is classified as a high mass star. Some introductory facts about the star include its luminosity, which is 140,000 suns, temperature is 3,488 Kelvin, its distance from the sun is 640 light years, radius compared to the sun is 667 times the sun, its apparent magnitude is 0.43, its color on the Hertz sprung- Russell diagram is orange and it is one of the most brightest stars that we have studied. The life of Betelgeuse will be shorter than lower mass stars, which lower mass stars’ lifespan
Our sun is the central pivot point to which or entire planet and solar system is built around. With out it all life on our planet would cease to exist. Within this paper we will explore how our Sun and solar system formed and came to resemble what we see today.
Impey, Chris. How It Began: A Time-traveler's Guide to the Universe. New York: W.W. Norton, 2012. 123+. Print.
In conclusion, this experiment helped me understand the many different items that are relevant to identifying a star. I found it interesting that the stars are all different even in the slightest ways. The most luminous stars are in the upper right section of the HR Diagram. These stars are the most developed stars and are where the Supergiants are mostly populated. These super stars are at the end of there life and are the most evolved. I believe that we can learn the most from these stars. Then that knowledge can then be applied to monitor the younger stars. The information we gather from our stars is; “One small step for man, one giant leap for mankind.” Neil Armstrong; July 20,
For this study we required stars that had already been studied intensively, so that both IR data and visual data were available for many cycles.
Every day we look into the night sky, wondering and dreaming what lies beyond our galaxy. Within our galaxy alone, there are millions upon millions of stars. This may be why it interests us to learn about all that we cannot see. Humans have known the existence of stars since they have had eyes, and see them as white glowing specks in the sky. The mystery lies beyond the white glowing specks we see but, in the things we cannot see in the night sky such as black holes.
The Hertzsprung-Russell Diagram (also known as the HR Diagram) is one of the most important tools in the study of stellar evolution. It was developed individually by 2 scientists, Ejnar Hertzsprung and Henry Norris Russel. The diagram made in the 1900’s, it plots the temperature of stars against luminosity or the colour of stars against absolute magnitude. To read the HR diagram there are several parts that need to be understood. In the middle stretching from the upper left to the bottom right is the Main Sequence stars where most normal stars including our sun occur. They range from hot and luminous (Upper left) to cool and faint (Lower right). These stars spend 90% of their lives burning hydrogen and helium in their cores. At the top right are the brightest stars called Supergiants and going down are the Red Giant. These stars have
Carl Sagan then begins going on how the stars go to supernova, planets also And he
Stars are born in the interstellar clouds of gas and dust called nebulae that are primarily found in the spiral arms of galaxies. These clouds are composed mainly of hydrogen gas but also contain carbon, oxygen and various other elements, but we will see that the carbon and oxygen play a crucial role in star formation so they get special mention. A nebula by itself is not enough to form a star however, and it requires the assistance of some outside force. A close passing star or a shock wave from a supernova or some other event can have just the needed effect. It is the same idea as having a number of marbles on a trampoline and then rolling a larger ball through the middle of them or around the edges. The marbles will conglomerate around the path of the ball, and as more marbles clump together, still more will be attracted. This is essentially what happens during the formation of a star (Stellar Birth, 2004).
Elements are often referred to as the building blocks of matter, combining to create not only life but everything surrounding it. However, these elements are not created on their own. They are forged deep within the cores of massive balls of gas dispersed throughout the universe and blasted through the vastness of space in their immense, self destructive explosions. Stars, through their violent birth to their even more violent death, manufacture the elements necessary for life. These giant balls of superheated gas begin their lives as nebulas, slowly evolving into the magnificent lights we see burning in the night sky and eventually dying by gravity, the same force that helped create them, scattering the plethora of elements they created across the universe, allowing life as we know it to occur. Stars are the source of human existence and life on Earth because through their life cycles, they create the basic elements necessary for life to occur and thrive.
Stars are luminous spheres that have been around longer than humans. In fact, it has been said that, “We are a way for the universe to know itself. Some part of our being knows this is where we came from. We long to return. And we can, because the cosmos is also within us. We're made of star stuff.” [1] Just like any other animate object, stars also go through a life cycle. They grow up, live their life, and slowly but surely die out. Stars can live for billions and even trillions of years. The life span of a star depends on how fast or how slow they use up and burn their nuclear fuel. The size of the star also determines the longevity.
Shklovskii, Iosif S. Stars: Their Birth, Life, and Death. Moscow: Central Press for Literature in Physics and Mathematics, 1975.
After a supernova, the core is likely to travel someplace else within space. When the core is less size than about 5 solar masses, the neutrons will halt the collapse of the star. This will create a Neutron Star. Neutron stars are observed as pulsars or X-ray binaries. When the core is very large, nothing that h...
One thing us as humans have never been able to fully understand is astronomy. Always having an unexplained mystery, astronomy also has served as a way to keep time and predict the future. The word “astronomy” is defined as the study of heavenly bodies, meaning anything in the sky such as stars, galaxies, comets, planets, nebulae, and so on. Many people, if not everyone, is amazed by the night sky on a clear, moonless night.