History
The land known today as Finland was first inhabited by the Sami people. The Sami were indigenous people that inhabited the Arctic area after the ice age was over. Fishing was the main livelihood as well as fur trapping, and herding of sheep, goats, and reindeer. Although there is ten distinct Sami languages, only three were practiced in the Finland region; Northern Sami, Inari Sami, and Skolt Sami. However, when Finnish speakers moved into this region the Sami people were forced to migrate upward. Finland grew in population through the roman period (0-400 AD), migration period (400 - 575 AD), merovingian period (575 – 800 A.D), and the Viking Period (800-1025 AD). In the twelfth century Sweden invaded Finland starting the multiple Swedish Crusades. These crusades where aimed to bring Christianity into Finland but eventually led to Finland being ruled by Sweden. Sweden ruled over Finland till the 19th century when the Finnish War broke out against Sweden and Russia. On September 17 1809 the Treaty of Fredriksham was sign making Finland now the Grand Duchy of Russia. Being under Russian rule for a hundred years led to censorship and political prosecution. Laws like this led to the Fennoman movement to protect Finland's culture, nationalism, and language. The Fennoman movement eventually led to the Finnish Civil War. Finland declared their independence from Russia on December 6 1917. Two years later, 1919 a constitution was adopted allowing Finland to become a republic nation. This nation was at peace for about twenty years, until the World War II broke out across the European nation. This then led to the Winter War and the Continuation War, after four years of treacherous war Finland won the war. The post-war period ul...
... middle of paper ...
... percent of Finnish citizens also speak Swedish in their day-to-day life. The official minority language is Karelian, and three Sami dialects; Northern Sami, Southern Sami and Skolt Sami.
Conclusion
Finland is both prestigious and beautiful. It is considered one of the top countries to live in and to visit. Millions of tourists and business travelers visit the great country of Finland every year. They get to experience the wonders and the beauty of the northern lights, the famous saunas, the various historical sites, buildings, and the diversity of foods not commonly found anywhere else. A country so full of rich history and hospitable people, that many would consider it one of the best places to conduct business in. Where else can you have an important business meeting, just wrapped in a towel, in a sauna, with sub-freezing temperatures outside? Only in Finland!
The Sioux Indians are a tribe of Native Americans that have endured persecution, segregation, and isolation. Though they suffered greatly, they stuck together and fought for their beliefs and religion. They are a diverse people ranging from warriors to holy men to farmers. The Sioux were a culturally rich and kindhearted people who were not afraid to stand up for what they believed in.
Location and Background The early English traders gave the Creek native Americans their name because they usually built their villages on or near creeks or rivers. If they were to still have their villages it would include areas of Northern Florida and Eastern Louisiana and Southern Tennessee.
The Kiowa’s people were a great warrior culture society that roamed the plains before the arrival of the Europeans. The Kiowa’ Indian tribe formed an alliance with neighboring tribes and dominated the western plains for decades. In their native tongue they called themselves, ” Ka’gwa” which meant the “Principle People”. Before the intervention of European cultures they were known as the, ”People with large tipi flaps”. The Kiowa expanded their territories through out the southern plains, which is known as modern day Kansas, Oklahoma, New Mexico, Colorado and Texas. The mid-1900 century the Kiowa Indian tribe had several treaties with the United States, but it was the Medicine lodge treaty with the southern plains tribes that relocated the Kiowa’s into reservation located in present day Oklahoma. The Kiowa’s were known amongst other tribe as the large tipi flap people and their tipi art displayed battle emblems of Kiowa war society members. It was with horses came abundance of buffalo hide and larger tipis for the nomadic tribe, and with more hide came excellent craftsmanship. The first documented Spaniard to arrive into the southern plains was Don Juan de Onate, He gives his description of what he saw according to Peter Nabokov and Robert Easton book titled, Native American Architecture, which states the following,” fifty tents of tanned hides, very bright red and white in color and bell-shaped, with flaps and opening and built as skillfully as any house in Italy.” (Nabokov and Easton 1989) During Don Juan de Onate expedition to Eastern New Mexico he encountered tipis and described how Native tribes utilized dogs to transport their belongings. With the arrival of Spaniards in the mid-fifteenth century also came horses, which revol...
Kirby, David, The Baltic World 1772-1993: Europe's Northern Periphery in an Age of Change (London: Longman, 1995).
This assignment has discussed two examples of curricula and it has been concluded that the Finnish curriculum is more suited to preparing individuals to life in the modern society. It has been stated that Finnish schools are ‘the schools of civilisation in an information society’ (Sarajala, 2001b) and therefore, they arguably educate and prepare young adults more sufficiently than the schools of England, who simply provide basic foundations for future development after education.
“University Education in Finland.” Ministry of Education and Culture. Ministry of Education and Culture, n.d. Web. 2 Oct. 2013. .
For the first two weeks of my class, I had no idea where I was headed in terms of my learning experience but I soon found out. During the first week we had to define “indigenous identity” which by the way was a foreign language to me. After I determined the meaning of it (because there were so many choices) I settled on the meaning “that what connects a person or people by their culture, race, beliefs and way of life”. I never considered or included myself a part of that definition because I thought it only pertained to people of other nations or countries. Eventually my thoughts and understanding changed. As I stated before my reading “Thinking Like an Anthropologist” Chapter Five, “What was This Practice or Idea Like in the past - The Temporal Question (2008, Omohundro, J.T. ), will be an excellent and informative guide for my research (in which it was). Also having to use Syncretism as a tool allowed me the opportunity to not only research the past but present rituals, beliefs, etc. of African Americans and how much they have changed over the years. Looking through this research as a critic allowed me to broaden my horizons not only about my culture but other cultures that are included in this identity. We were first introduced to two articles: The “Gebusi” and “Body Ritual of the Nacerima”. And I thought their rituals and beliefs were somewhat extreme, but then I realized if they looked at our society and our practices, they could consider the same thing about us. Having said that I decided that as an African-American woman, I was prepared to take that journey into the unknown, to investigate my culture, our accomplishments, and therefore have the ability to share my findings and observations with others. Week after week we w...
The above picture is of the Sami people in Norway and the picture taken below is of the Sami people in Lapland. Both in Northern parts of Scandinavia.
The information that I read about Finland’s child care is completely different than that of the United States. “We guarantee equal and universal day care for children, and we subsidize according to how much income you have. We believe that the day-care system is not just about taking care of kids, but it’s also about their education” (Chandler, 2014). In Finland, parents have the option to stay home and raise their children with benefits until they are three years old, although most parents only stay home for around one year. However, in the United States, mothers only have six weeks of paid maternity leave, which means that more infants are being placed in daycare earlier (Chandler, 2014). Also in the United States, parents have the option to put their child in preschool from the young age of three. On the other hand, Finland does not start compulsory schooling until the age of seven because “We have a lot of research showing that starting school earlier does not bring better results” (Chandler, 2014). I was not able to find any similarities between the United States and Finland regarding
Norway, one of the "three fingers" of Scandinavia, is just larger than New Mexico, covering 125,181 square miles. It is located in Northern Europe, bordering the North Sea and the North Atlantic Ocean, with a coastline stretching 21,925 km. The population of Norway is 4.3 million and growing, predominantly of Nordic (Scandinavian) descent, with a small minority (20,000) of native Sámis (Laplanders) living mostly in the North. Many aspects of business and management in Norway are very similar to those of America, including language and communication, power structures/politics, work ethics, food and eating habits, dress, and religious beliefs. General facts about Norway include an age structure of 0-14 years=19% (390,344 female; 444,570 male), 15-64 years=65% (1,375,493 female; 1,424,027 male), 65 years and over=16% (408,675 female; 287,842 male); a birth rate of 12.86 births/1,000 population; a death rate of 10.35 deaths/1,000 population; a net migration rate of 1.15 migrants/1,000 population; an infant mortality rate of 6.1 deaths/1,000 live births; and a life expectancy at birth of Total Population: 77.61 years, Male: 74.26 years, Female: 81.15 years.
In a world far different from our own in the Northern Hemisphere lies an indigenous society known as the Inuits. Specifically focusing on the Inuits of Greenland these people have adopted various risk management strategies which has enabled them to survive in a harsh arctic environment. In indigenous cultures, their well-being and sustainability is managed through control of population growth like most present day indigenous societies have been influenced by western ideas and technologies, in which some of these influences have been beneficial while other western influences have threatened their traditional way of life.
Residents living in Finland are entitled to health care coverage through a public or municipal system. The government typically provides 50 percent of the cost for medical benefits and provides subsidies for cash sickness as well as maternity benefits (Boslaugh, 2013). Currently, the majority of health care services provided by municipalities are free or relatively low in cost to the patient. World Health Organization ranked Finland as being one of the top-rated countries in fairness of financial contribution to health systems (WHO,
Indigenous people are those that are native to an area. Throughout the world, there are many groups or tribes of people that have been taken over by the Europeans in their early conquests throughout the seventeenth and eighteenth centuries, by immigrating groups of individuals, and by greedy corporate businesses trying to take their land. The people indigenous to Australia, Brazil and South America, and Hawaii are currently fighting for their rights as people: the rights to own land, to be free from prejudice, and to have their lands protected from society.
...mmond, Linda). In America, students are evaluated based on assessments whereas Finland is not confined to any external standardized tests to rank students or schools. “Most teacher feedback to students is in narrative form, emphasizing descriptions of their learning progress and areas for growth.. The focus is on using information to drive learning and problem-solving, rather than punishment.” (Darling-Hammond, Linda). Finland has shown a promising gradation throughout recent decades; reasons for this may be its approach to tests as it focuses on establishing a productive learning state at a young age then advancing into administering actual tests at a later age. According to observations found by the researchers Välijärvi and his team, “ Finland has adopted alternative approaches in education policies to raise student achievement.” (Välijärvi, J. & Malin, A.).
Indigenous Knowledge (IK) can be broadly defined as the knowledge and skills that an indigenous (local) community accumulates over generations of living in a particular environment. IK is unique to given cultures, localities and societies and is acquired through daily experience. It is embedded in community practices, institutions, relationships and rituals. Because IK is based on, and is deeply embedded in local experience and historic reality, it is therefore unique to that specific culture; it also plays an important role in defining the identity of the community. Similarly, since IK has developed over the centuries of experimentation on how to adapt to local conditions. That is Indigenous ways of knowing informs their ways of being. Accordingly IK is integrated and driven from multiple sources; traditional teachings, empirical observations and revelations handed down generations. Under IK, language, gestures and cultural codes are in harmony. Similarly, language, symbols and family structure are interrelated. For example, First Nation had a