Introduction
The Rosetta stone the key to the Egyptians
I chose the Rosetta stone because of its mysteries and unsolved scripts and hieroglyphics. It occurred to me when I was reading up on Egyptians. I hope to learn the guarded secrets it holds so I can know to decipher the ancient texts and to reveal the secrets of the Egyptians.
The Rosetta stone is found in a British museum in London.
The Rosetta stone is three feet nine inches long, two feet four and a half inches wide, and eleven inches thick.
The Rosetta stone was discovered in 1799 that may mean that it has been lost for almost 1400 years.
Athanasius kircher, a German priest of the 1600s, wrote the first grammar and vocabulary of Coptic, the language of the Christian Egypt.
The French general Napoleon Bonaparte invaded Egypt with an army of 38,000 soldiers.
Egyptians wrote on stones called slabs.
In 1802, the Rosetta stone was shipped to England.
On august 1st the British army caught the French fleet off guard and completely destroyed Alexandria.
After almost one hundred years of deciphering the Rosetta stones hieroglyphics were translated in 1850.
The Rosetta stone has three different scripts.
People who could write in ancient times were called scribes.
Scribes wrote on paper called papyrus.
The advance language called Coptic replaced the ancient Egyptians language.
Coptic had then had been replaced by a further advanced language called Arabic.
Egyptians wrote in sign called hieroglyphics.
Instead of the word people in Egyptian language it was called demotic.
On July 1,1798 Napoleons army captured the city Alexandria.
Napoleon entered the Egyptian capital, Cairo in July on the 21st.
Egyptian text that was enclosed in an oval outline is called a cartouche.
Cartouche a French word meaning cartridge.
French surrender to British September 1801.
Jean François Champollion was born 1790.
Champollion graduated in 1807.
Champollion, in 1822 was reserved a position on deciphering the hieroglyphics on the Rosetta stone.
Thothmes was a pharaoh who ruled from 1501 to 1447 B.C.
A book on hieroglyphics was published in 1824.
On March 4, 1832 Champollion died in series of strokes.
By 2500 B.C. complete sentences began appearing on tomb inscriptions.
Demotic was first known as hieratic.
The French discovered the Rosetta stone in 1799.
Conclusion
The researcher learned that the Rosetta stone is one of the most important artifacts of the Egyptians. It was written in three ancient scripts and is located at the British museum in London.
In this essay, the author
- Opines that they chose the rosetta stone because of its mysteries and unsolved scripts and hieroglyphics. they hope to learn the guardian secrets it holds so they can decipher the ancient texts.
- Explains champollion was reserved a position on deciphering the hieroglyphics on the rosetta stone.
- Explains that the rosetta stone is an important artifact of the egyptians. it was founded in 1799 and the british and french were fighting for the stone.
- Opines that they chose the rosetta stone because of its mysteries and unsolved scripts and hieroglyphics. they hope to learn the guardian secrets it holds so they can decipher the ancient texts.
- Explains champollion was reserved a position on deciphering the hieroglyphics on the rosetta stone.
- Explains that the rosetta stone is an important artifact of the egyptians. it was founded in 1799 and the british and french were fighting for the stone.
- Explains that the rosetta stone is three feet nine inches long, two feet four and a half inches wide, and eleven inches thick.
- Describes how the british army destroyed alexandria on august 1st, 1850, after deciphering the rosetta stones hieroglyphics.
- Narrates donoughue, c., the mystery of the hieroglyphics, and the race to decipher egyptian hierophages. giblin, j.
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In this essay, the author
- Argues that the rosetta stone should be returned to egypt due to its ethical obligations and cultural significance.
- Urges the egyptian government to file a lawsuit in the international court of justice if diplomatic negotiations with the british government failed.
- Analyzes the situation surrounding the rosetta stone in brittan as a spoil of war, showcasing the victory over napoleon’s army in 1801.
- Argues that the rosetta stone should be returned to egypt due to its ethical obligations and cultural significance.
- Urges the egyptian government to file a lawsuit in the international court of justice if diplomatic negotiations with the british government failed.
- Analyzes the situation surrounding the rosetta stone in brittan as a spoil of war, showcasing the victory over napoleon’s army in 1801.
- Explains that the rosetta stone is the most-visited object in the british museum. it is inscribed three times with the decree in hieroglyphs, demotic and greek.
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- Opines that it will take a whole generation of biblical scholars to understand the wilderness retreat of the essenes.
- Explains that they make a point of having their skin anywhere among them.
- Explains that in every town, several of them form a colony.
- Explains that they believe god causes all good but cannot be the cause of any evil.
- Explains that to the west of the dead sea, the essenes have put the necessary distance between them.
- Opines that the throng of newcomers is reborn in equal measure owing to the palm trees.
- Explains that the qumran settlement was begun in the middle of the second century b.c. or shortly thereafter.
- Explains that 4qpisa 47 ii 2-4 refers to the column and lines of the manuscript.
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- Explains that the paper will not debate the validity of the documents nor enter into archeological debate, but will provide further historical evidence in supporting the essenes sect dwelling at qumran.
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- Explains that the number of essenes in judea is around 4000 members, a modest size but certainly large enough to be compelling.
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- Lists only the findings which relate exclusively to the theory presented in this paper that there was a community at qumran.
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- Explains the controversy surrounding the seven deadly scrolls, which were discovered in caves between 1949 and 1956. the find fascinated the scholarly community and the public to this day.
- Narrates how the bedouin goat herds searched the dead sea for a lost goat and found jars filled with manuscripts. the first discoveries came to the attention of scholars in 1948, when seven of the scrolls were sold by the
- Explains that mar arthanasius sold 3 of the sectarian scrolls to elwazer l. lukenkin of hebrew university, and 4 to metropolitan mar
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- Explains that the rosetta stone is composed of black granitic and quartz rock but is commonly mistaken for black basalt because it was treated with carnauba wax for protection and white chalk was used to emphasize the writings
- Explains that the rosetta stone is one of the most famous archeological finds in the world. before its discovery, little was known about egyptian hieroglyphs.
- Explains that pierre francois xavier bouchard discovered the rosetta stone while digging the foundations of an addition to a fort.
- Explains that the rosetta stone is composed of black granitic and quartz rock but is commonly mistaken for black basalt because it was treated with carnauba wax for protection and white chalk was used to emphasize the writings
- Explains that a full analysis of the greek text was produced quickly after the discovery of rosetta stone, but at the time no one could read hieroglyphs.
- Explains that the stele was set up at canopus in 196 bce, during the reign of king ptolemy v epiphanes.
- Explains that the rosetta stone is no longer unique, but because it was the first found, it is essential to understanding ancient egyptian literature and civilization.
- Explains that the rosetta stone has been displayed in the british museum since 1802. egypt demanded that it be returned to cairo in 2003.
- Explains that the term "rosetta stone" is used idiomatically to represent crucial information when decoding language. it played a key role in our understanding of hieroglyphs, and without it we might never comprehend ancient egyptian culture.
744 wordsRead More - Why Is Ancient Egypt A Civilizationexplanatory essayThe ancient Egyptians believed that it was important to record and communicate information about religion and government. Thus, they invented written scripts that could be used to record this
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- Explains that egyptian law was based on a common sense view of right and wrong, following the concept of ma'at.
- Explains that the egyptian civilization lasted over 3,000 years and many of the beliefs and cultures changed. the people of ancient egypt were also influenced by the nile river.
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- Explains that egyptian law was based on a common sense view of right and wrong, following the concept of ma'at.
- Explains that the egyptian civilization lasted over 3,000 years and many of the beliefs and cultures changed. the people of ancient egypt were also influenced by the nile river.
- Explains how egyptian traders traded gold, papyrus, linen and grain for cedar wood, ebony, copper, iron, ivory, and lapis lazuli. ships sailed up and down the nile river bringing goods to various ports.
- Explains that ancient egypt was a successful culture for over 3,000 years. it had two 'kingdoms' that operated like two different countries.
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- Explains that ancient egyptians believed it was important to record and communicate information about religion and government. they invented written scripts that could record this information.
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- Describes the life of a typical egyptian peasant during the new kingdom. trade brought wealth to egypt, which in turn meant more business for artisans. egyptian women enjoyed higher status and greater independence.
- Explains the location, timeframe, government, economy, society, religion, and achievements of ancient egypt. osiris ruled egypt until his jealous brother, set killed him.
- Explains that egyptians believed that osiris and isis had promised them eternal life after death. the pharaoh stood at the top of society, along with the royal family.
- Describes the life of a typical egyptian peasant during the new kingdom. trade brought wealth to egypt, which in turn meant more business for artisans. egyptian women enjoyed higher status and greater independence.
- Explains how the ancient egyptians developed multiple writing systems, including hieroglyphics, astronomy, and mathematics.
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852 wordsRead More - Lycurgus Cup Essayexplanatory essayIt is estimated to be from the 4th century. The incredible artifact is on show at the British Museum and is prized for its detailed artwork, which is a scene from a Roman myth involving King Lycurgus of Thrace being trapped by vines. Lycurgus Cup is a glass chalice made out of dichroic glass, a glass that displays two different colors by changing colors based off the lighting condition. The glass cup appears jade green when lit from the front, but when lit from behind, it displays blood-red. The mystery of the changing colors puzzled scientist for decades. It wasn’t until 1950 when the mystery was solved by a group of researchers in England. They examined the Romans, “impregnated the glass with particles of silver and gold, ground down until they were as small as 50 nanometers in diameter, less than one-thousandth the size of a grain of table salt. The exact mixture of the precious metals suggests the Romans knew what they were doing” (Merali 2003). The precision and great detail of the artifact lead alternative scientists to title the Romans as nanotechnology pioneers. Yet, mainstream scientist tries to ignore these claims and states that Romans had accidentally stumbled on discovering nanotechnology. Although, even today, modern scientist have difficulty in reproducing the technology used within the Lycurgus
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- Explains that the ancient roman artifact, the lycurgus cup, is prized for its detailed artwork. the mystery of the changing colors puzzled scientists for decades.
- Explains that the great pyramid of giza is the oldest and largest of the three pyramids in the gizeh necropolis and the only one that has remained intact over the years.
- Explains that out-of-place artifacts are evidence that humans were more advanced in technology than mainstream science begs to believe.
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- Explains that the antikythera mechanism was discovered in 1900 in the sea of aegean, while sponge divers were exploring among debris of an ancient greek shipwreck.
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1200 wordsRead More - Essay On Egyptian Civilizationcomparative essayThere were more than 700 different hieroglyphics! Egyptian writing was done with ink and pen on paper made from papyrus. The pens they used were very sharp, thin, reeds. The Egyptians got the ink from plants by crushing them and mixing them with water. Writing was used in scribe school, fields, tombs, the army, government, and in temples. Writing was used everywhere! Writing was important when decorating the tombs. The writing on the walls of the tombs, helped the Pharaoh get to the afterlife. By keeping records, the government could keep track of how the country was doing. For example, “They could see how much grain or animals were collected in taxes.” This was very important because it kept the civilization organized and advanced.
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- Explains that ancient egypt was a very successful civilization due to the seven indicators within the society. the pharaoh was the supreme leader of the government, as well as religion.
- Explains that egyptians built their pyramids out of stone, which weighed as much as an elephant, and decorated their buildings with paintings and carved stone images. carpenters made things from roof beams to statues.
- Explains that the ancient egyptians imported and exported goods with their neighboring countries like africa and nuba. trade made them a productive civilization.
- Explains that ancient egypt was a very successful civilization due to the seven indicators within the society. the pharaoh was the supreme leader of the government, as well as religion.
- Explains that egyptians built their pyramids out of stone, which weighed as much as an elephant, and decorated their buildings with paintings and carved stone images. carpenters made things from roof beams to statues.
- Explains that the ancient egyptians imported and exported goods with their neighboring countries like africa and nuba. trade made them a productive civilization.
- Explains that religion was developed based on the powers that the gods and goddesses had. religion helped egyptians go about their lives without worrying.
- Explains that egyptian writing, hieroglyphics, used pictures and symbols to represent different sounds, ideas, or objects.
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817 wordsRead More - Hieroglyphic Essayexplanatory essayAncient Egyptian hieroglyphic writing is one the oldest and most interesting forms of written language developed. There is evidence of its use from before 3200 BCE and Egyptian hieroglyphs remained in use for over 3,500 years. The Egyptian name for hieroglyphs translates to “language of the gods,” although the term hieroglyph actually came from Greek words meaning “sacred carving,” which the Greeks used to define the writing found on Egyptian monuments and temples (Ancient Egypt, Hieroglyphics, n.d.).
In this essay, the author
- Explains that ancient egyptian hieroglyphic writing is one of the oldest and most interesting forms of written language developed.
- Explains that the egyptians used hieroglyphic writing to communicate between themselves and their gods. they wrote guides for the afterlife on the walls of tombs and inside of coffins, and priests wrote prayers.
- Explains that the literacy rate of hieroglyphic writing was extremely low. only officials, royalty, priests, and people that worked directly with the script acquired the ability to read and write.
- Explains that ancient egyptian hieroglyphic writing is one of the oldest and most interesting forms of written language developed.
- Explains that the egyptians used hieroglyphic writing to communicate between themselves and their gods. they wrote guides for the afterlife on the walls of tombs and inside of coffins, and priests wrote prayers.
- Explains that the literacy rate of hieroglyphic writing was extremely low. only officials, royalty, priests, and people that worked directly with the script acquired the ability to read and write.
- Explains that hieroglyphs are divided into three main groups: ideograms, phonogram, and determinatives.
- Explains that hieroglyphs could be written in multiple different orientations, compared to english, where everything is read left to right. this allowed the egyptians to use their writing in a decorative form and also to make symmetric designs.
- Explains that the egyptians developed a simpler form of writing called hieratic, which used less detailed and easier to write cursive versions of the hieroglyphs.
- Explains that at the end of ancient egyptian civilization, the knowledge of hieroglyphic writing was lost. it wasn't until 1779 when the rosetta stone was found by french scholars, that progress toward decrypting the language was made.
1022 wordsRead More - The Rosetta Stone was found in the town of Rosetta and sent to French scholars in Alexandria during the summer of 1799 (Giblin 23). This black, measuring 112 by 76 stone found while the soldiers in the town were destroying a citadel was unprecedented because it had three different languages on it, the only understood one being Greek (Silet 1). The three languages on the stone were, as stated, Greek, the common Egyptian demotic, and 14 lines of hieroglyphics (Giblin 27). Scholars familiar with the Greek language and writing system were able to translate that section, and the final sentence revealed a fact that set the groundwork for future translations of the other parts. The final line reads: “This decree shall be inscribed on a stela of hard stone in sacred and native and Greek characters” (Giblin 27). It came to be understood that the three sections all contained the same message, and scholars promptly set to work on the translations.
In this essay, the author
- Explains that one of the most important discoveries made regarding the historical and cultural study of ancient egypt is the translation of hieroglyphics.
- Explains that the rosetta stone was sent to french scholars in alexandria during the summer of 1799. the three languages on the stone were greek, egyptian demotic, and 14 lines of hieroglyphics.
- Narrates how sylvestre de sacy, one of the first to work with the copies made from the stone, was unable to decipher an alphabetical system.
- Explains that one of the most important discoveries made regarding the historical and cultural study of ancient egypt is the translation of hieroglyphics.
- Explains that the rosetta stone was sent to french scholars in alexandria during the summer of 1799. the three languages on the stone were greek, egyptian demotic, and 14 lines of hieroglyphics.
- Narrates how sylvestre de sacy, one of the first to work with the copies made from the stone, was unable to decipher an alphabetical system.
- Explains that thomas young, a british polymath, was one of the first scholars to make any headway on translating the hieroglyphics.
- Explains that jean françois champollion was born in 1790 to a sick mother and failed book-seller father. his older brother jacques-joseph in grenoble, france, takes in and commits to teaching him.
- Describes how champollion mastered nine languages, and was well on his way to the rosetta stone. he studied under se sacy and returned to grenoble to teach.
- Analyzes how champollion's translation of fourteen lines of hieroglyphics didn't guarantee him immediate success. a skeptical and probably bitter thomas young declared, "champollion is wrong."
- Explains that champollion continued on the rosetta stone to the "demotic," or "of the people" writing, which was a combination, just like hieroglyphics.
- Describes how the louvre's "keeper of the egyptian collections" made his discoveries accessible to the public. the french government supported a trip to egypt where he deciphered the symbols on the ubiquitous tombs, statues and various artifacts.
- Analyzes how champollion's death brushed closely with his life’s goal of studying in egypt. he collapsed, suffered numerous strokes, and died on march 4, 1832.
- Analyzes how champollion overcame his impoverished background and his incredible capacity for knowledge led him to make unprecedented achievements. the rosetta stone became the foundation for his success in life and an entire era of history and culture
- Cites giblin, james, meyerson, daniel, and robertson, andrew. the code breaker’s secret diaries: rediscovering ancient egypt.
1411 wordsRead More - Nineteenth century British explorer Henry Rawlinson was among the first archeologists to draw attention to the importance of cuneiform writing. Arguably, his most valuable discovery was the monument at Bisitun in present-day Iran; Bitisun is a massive memorial to Darius, famed king of ancient Persia. Accor...
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- Analyzes how the thomas jefferson building, the oldest of the three buildings comprised the library of congress in washington d.c., was completed in 1894.
- Explains rawlinson's discovery of the monument at bisitun in present-day iran, which is a massive memorial to darius, king of ancient persia.
- Asks why egypt was chosen as the main contributor of written records in blashfield’s the evolution of civilization. the early, crude cuneiform of 5000 b.c.e. adapted itself to culture after culture.
- Analyzes how the thomas jefferson building, the oldest of the three buildings comprised the library of congress in washington d.c., was completed in 1894.
- Explains rawlinson's discovery of the monument at bisitun in present-day iran, which is a massive memorial to darius, king of ancient persia.
- Asks why egypt was chosen as the main contributor of written records in blashfield’s the evolution of civilization. the early, crude cuneiform of 5000 b.c.e. adapted itself to culture after culture.
- Analyzes how the phoenicians transformed cuneiform into a more efficient writing system by paring down the ungainly number of 5,000 characters into 29 characters.
- Analyzes how edwin blashfield's the evolution of civilization represents the sensibilities and knowledge of its own era, which makes it intrinsically valuable to history.
- Analyzes how blashfield's the evolution of civilization reminded a young nation that they were not alone. the importance of cuneiform and hieroglyphics in modern-day schools is what truly matters.
1290 wordsRead More - Stonehengeanalytical essayWhite, John B. Afterword. Stonehenge Decoded. By Gerald S. Hawkins. New York: Doubleday, 1965. 191-197.
In this essay, the author
- Analyzes how stonehenge and the processes by which it was built reveal much about the intelligence and sophistication of the civilizations that designed and built the monument.
- Explains that stonehenge planning and assembling took a very long time, and how they came about plays an important role in understanding them.
- Explains that the windmill hill people were semi-nomadic farmers who had arrived as the last neolithic (or new stone age) newcomers in england. they hunted, mined flint, made and traded axes, and could be called industrialists.
- Analyzes how stonehenge and the processes by which it was built reveal much about the intelligence and sophistication of the civilizations that designed and built the monument.
- Explains that stonehenge planning and assembling took a very long time, and how they came about plays an important role in understanding them.
- Explains that the windmill hill people were semi-nomadic farmers who had arrived as the last neolithic (or new stone age) newcomers in england. they hunted, mined flint, made and traded axes, and could be called industrialists.
- Explains that the beaker people contributed to stonehenge. they were well organized, active, powerful, and territorial.
- Explains that the wessex culture group, who arrived on salisbury plain around 1400 bc, built the most prominent part of stonehenge- the great stone circles.
- Explains that stonehenge was built on salisbury plain, which was open with farmland, grazing land, and less forest. chalk made building rudimentary structures easier.
- Explains that stonehenge i, built by the windmill hill people, took from about 2950 to 2900 bc to construct.
- Explains that the second phase of building stonehenge involved the creation of a wooden monument.
- Explains that stonehenge iii was the longest and most complex of the three and was divided up into six sub phases. the builders were the wessex culture.
- Explains that the bluestones had to be carried by waterways from their source in the prescelly mountains back to the stonehenge site. the sarsen stones were put into large holes and joined to each other with a tongue-and-groove joint.
- Describes how the sarsen stones were dressed and shaped to exaggerate the grandeur of the monuments.
- Explains that there is little evidence for what stonehenge could have been created, other than the people buried in and what we directly observe about the monument.
- Analyzes how the main entrance of stonehenge points directly at the sunrise on the summer solstice.
- Explains that the 56 aubrey holes correspond to 3 cycles of the moon's orbital wobble and could be used to line up with various solar alignments in stonehenge to predict when the sun and moon would be at the same point in the sky.
- Concludes that stonehenge was used as a primary burial site in the stone and bronze ages.
- Analyzes how stonehenge's celestial alignments put focus on things that are greater and more eternal than humans. the fixation with death and the afterlife among the peoples of salisbury plain seems to be a religion in itself.
- Explains the complexity and intelligence of the peoples of stonehenge can be seen in surrounding monuments created by them and their neighbors. most enclosures and round barrows were created for burial purposes, with one or two people buried within them.
- Analyzes how stonehenge represents the evolving and changing society of prehistoric times. the idea that men from the stone age were unintelligent, ill-mannered barbarians is far from truth.
- Explains that ancient voices: the secret of stonehenge was produced by jean-claude bragard and mark hammil.
- Narrates mackie, euan, niel, fernand, service, alastair, and jean bradbery's the mysteries of stonehenge.
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