Introduction:
Scanning probe microscopy in nano mechanical testing has started with the invention of the scanning tunneling microscope in the year 1981. Till then based on the type of principles there are number of models developed and are in use. Scanning probe microscopy found popularity owing to its ease in versatility in dealing with a number of issues, typically it is used to identify the material properties on nano to even pico scales. Scanning probe microscopy techniques such as atomic/friction force microscopy(AFM/FFM) are increasingly finding applications in tribological studies of engineering surfaces as well for finding surface texture etc. Atomic and molecular level details can be assessed using Scanning probe microscopy with great ease and the instruments are highly versatile. AFMs with suitable tips are being used to study issues like scratching, wear etc. Scratch and wear properties of variety of materials have been measured. Mechanisms of material removal are also studied. Localized surface elasticity maps of composite materials with penetration depths less than 10nm can be found using SPM with nano mechanical testing procedures. Nano indentation hardness and the young’s modulus of elasticity can be measured with a depth of indentation as low as 1nm. Scratching and indentation on the nano scale are powerful ways to screen for adhesion and resistance to deformation of ultrathin coatings. These studies provide insight into failure mechanisms of the materials and thin coatings. SPM in nano mechanical testing provides insight into the surface characterization and provided glimpse of failure mechanisms study. (Bhushan, 2001). The manner of using interactions between the probe and the surface to obtain an image is gene...
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...scopy to the characterization and fabrication of hybrid nano materials. al, M. E. (2004). Nano material characterization using scanned microscopy. al, M. M. (2011). Scanning probe microscopy: Measuring on hard surfaces. NanoCon. Czech Republic: NaonCon. al, N. m. (2012). Advances in manufacturing of molded tips for scaning probe microscopy. ASME journal of micro electro mechanical systems , 431-442. al, V. m. (2012). long range scanning probe microscopy applications in local mechanical analysis. NanoCon . Czech Republic: NanoCon.
Bhushan, B. (2001). Nano to microscale wear and mechanical characterization using scanning probe microscopy. Wear , 1105-1123.
Nano material characterization using scanning probe microscopy. , Mc grawhill publications, NewDelhi,2009.
Scanning probe microscopy (al k. e., 2007)
Bhushan, B. (2011). Nano tribology and nano mechanics. Springer.
Lovgren, Stefan. Can Art Make Nanotechnology Easier t Understand? 23 December 2003. Web. 3 May 2014. .
For this scope of this assignment a study in the surface modification of a titanium alloy stem, used in a hip joint implant is going to be studied. A total hip joint implant consists of an articulating bearing basically the femoral head and cup and the stem. The stem is made from titanium alloy - Ti- 6Al- 4V where titanium is alloyed with aluminium and vanadium. When titanium is alloyed with these materials excellent properties are achieved such as high strength-to-weight ratio and exceptional corrosion resistance.2 However, this alloy gives poor tribological properties and tends to seize when it is subjected to sliding motion due to its low hardness of 36HRC.3 Several surface modification techniques are done on ti...
In order to perform the micro hardness test on the samples, they were first roughly polished using belt grinder. Then they were polished with the Emery papers as described in previous descriptions so as to obtain flat surfaces and to avoid anomalies in the results.
Machine tool probes used to measure workpieces on milling machines, machining centers, lathes, turning/milling machine, grinding machines and robot. Whether the business is small, middle or large workpiece is not only aligned but also the geometries are inspected. Machine tool probes are used to inspect the workpiee and reduce the manufacturing time and cost and increase capabilities. Probe types in hexagon metrology of m&h are of several types like infrared, radiowave, production probes along with necessary software and applications support. In this chapter we are going to discuss different models of infrared probes.
Berkeley Lab. (2009). Berkeley Lab: Plasmonic Whispering Gallery Microcavity Paves the Way to Future Nanolasers. [Online]. Available: http://newscenter.lbl.gov/press-releases/2009/01/22/plasmonic-whispering-gallery-microcavity-paves-the-way-to-future-nanolasers/ [19 July 2009].
Advances in semiconductor technologies since 1970s have paved the way for fabrication of the devices with micron dimensions. These devices were categorized under the MEMS field, which was a combination of mechanical structures with electronic readout circuits. MEMS technology has borrowed its fabrication capabilities from the growing semiconductor field and applied it to different science fields. With application of the MEMS technology in biological sciences a new field has born under the title of BioMEMS field. This field has borrowed the most advanced microfabrication techniques from its parent field, MEMS, and has applied it to the micron size world of the biological particles such as cells, viruses, and bacteria. With recent advances in the microfluidics, BioMEMS has enabled fast prototyping of the medical devices, with higher accuracy and sensitivity with lower fabrication costs and energy consumes. In addition, it has enabled new methods in manipulation of biological particles by production micron sized channels, which can be replicate of human capillary environment. With growing interest in application of the MEMS technology in biology, the study of biophysical properties of the cells has gained further importance. Cells are the most basic and functional part of the complex living systems and study of biophysical (electrical and mechanical) properties of the cells provides an inspection to physical and chemical status of biological organisms. In the past two decades, a number of new approaches are used in studying the relatio...
A study was recently released that imaged atoms in a different way than what is usually done. What this group in America did was to take a sheet of graphene which is a single layer of carbon atoms, very similar to a honeycomb which all stack up to make graphite. When you peel away layers of graphite you get graphene. They then sprinkled molecules over the layer of graphene and ran a tunnelling electron microscope across the surface (function of the microscope explained in source 2), and because the graphene is very consistent and regular in its structure, it is very easy to subtract any effects that the graphene may be causing away from any other signals that you get. This enabled the group to actually see the structure and shapes of the molecules.
The electron microscope has become one of the most widely utilized instruments for materials characterization. An electron microscope is a scientific instrument that allows us to “see” objects so small that they cannot be seen in any other way. (CITE) Electron microscopes have allowed scientists to see individual molecules and atoms for the first time.
The scanning electron microscope has 10 parts to it which are the secondary detector, x-ray detector, backscatter detector, sample chamber, objective lens, electron beam, condenser lens, anode, ...
The objectives were to identify the parts and functions of a compound microscope, learn to adjust the microscope for viewing biological specimens, and to learn to measure small objects using the principles of microscopy.
Alford, Terry L., L. C. Feldman, and James W. Mayer. Fundamentals of Nanoscale Film Analysis. New York: Springer, 2007. Print.
The Hard X-ray Nano-probe Beam line (or Nano-probe Beam line) is an X-ray microscopy facility incorporating diffraction, fluorescence and full-field imaging capabilities designed and operated by the Center for Nanoscale Materials . This faci...
Grundmann, Marius. Physics of Semiconductors: An Introduction Including Devices and Nanophysics. New York: Springer, 2006. Print.
Figure 1: Image of the nanoscale, this illustration shows how small things at the nanoscale really are (nano.gov, 2013).
Several different mechanisms have been proposed to describe the manner in which the material is removed. Three commonly identified mechanisms of abrasive wear are: