The 1880s proved to be a time of change for America. High unemployment rates and low wages in many cities forced many to look to new opportunities in cities and elsewhere. This included the newly expanded west. In the 1880s Kansas had three dominating groups- railroad companies, farmers, and cowboys. All three dealt with individual triumphs and struggles when developing the West and specifically Kansas in the later part of the 19th century. Railroads spent most of the 1880s concerned with previous legislation, farmers worried about land allotment and surviving on the Plains. Cowboys also worried about land allotment and surviving. The worries of the last two created some tension between them but in the end survival of one depended on the survival of the other. Insuring their place in history, the three groups together made the expansion of the West possible and forever changed the face of Kansas.
The 1880s was a time of substantial change for Kansas and railroads, which were very
important to the development of Kansas. As many historians say “rails didn’t build Kansas City, but they carried almost everything that did” (Worley 1). While most of the legislation that affected the railroads had taken place at some point prior to this time period, it was now coming full swing and affecting the settlers now. In May of 1854, the Kansas- Nebraska Act was passed. Although mostly known for repealing the Missouri Compromise it also gave “the railroads the right to build a railroad system from Chicago to the Pacific Coast” (Kansas- Nebraska Act 1). With this new access to land, railroad companies began building cross-country railroads. New settlers and merchants knew that railroads were the up and coming mode of transportation and a vit...
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Farmers began to cultivate vast areas of needed crops such as wheat, cotton, and even corn. Document D shows a picture of The Wheat Harvest in 1880, with men on earlier tractors and over 20-30 horses pulling the tractor along the long and wide fields of wheat. As farmers started to accumilate their goods, they needed to be able to transfer the goods across states, maybe from Illinios to Kansas, or Cheyenne to Ohmaha. Some farmers chose to use cattle trails to transport their goods. Document B demonstrates a good mapping of the major railroads in 1870 and 1890. Although cattle trails weren't used in 1890, this document shows the existent of several cattle trails leading into Chyenne, San Antonio, Kansas City and other towns nearby the named ones in 1870. So, farmers began to transport their goods by railroads, which were publically used in Germany by 1550 and migrated to the United States with the help of Colonel John Stevens in 1826. In 1890, railroads expanded not only from California, Nebraska, Utah, Wyoming and Nevada, but up along to Washington, Montana, Michigan, down to New Mexico and Arizona as well. Eastern States such as New Jersey, Tennesse, Virginia and many others were filled with existing railroads prior to 1870, as Colonel John Stevens started out his railroad revolutionzing movement in New Jersey in 1815.
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On March 10, 1892 the Billings Gazette reported, “The opening of spring may be more red than green for the horse thieves and cattle thieves of Johnson County” (Brash, 143). The writer of the article could little have known how truthful their premonition would prove to be. The late 1800’s were turbulent times in the West. Large tracts of publicly held range ground would be at the center of Wyoming’s very own civil war. Gil Bollinger, author and western researcher, reports that by the 1870’s and 1880’s fencing of land to enclose both crops and water sources was common (Bollinger, 81). This practice, however, was still illegal according to the federal government. In 1877, the United States Government sued Swan Land and Cattle Company, in an effort to set an example that all fences on open range must come down (Bollinger, 81). The fencing of lands was a major problem, as agricultural producers needed open access to the limited resources, especially water. Johnson County, in northern Wyoming, was an agricultural nucleus for cattle and sheep producers who knew the lush grass and good water supply would greatly benefit their operations. Since fencing was illegal, these resources were available to everyone. Cattle operators, large and small alike, ran their livestock loose and participated in large roundups once a year where all the cattle were branded. Slick calves, called mavericks, were often unrightfully claimed. Lack of fencing made any free ranging livestock available to whoever was devious enough to take them (Smith, 25).
The growth of agriculture and railroads in Texas and in the United States helped form our economy today. Railroads today pass through a lot of Texas, and even in big cities like Houston or Dallas. Since there are so many farms and open farmland (especially in south and west Texas), railroads can carry the produce and livestock to their destination. James Watt invented the first steam engine in about 1769, and from then on, railroads were a must for transportation, since cars had yet to be invented. Railroads began to be built before the Civil War. It originally took about 6 months to get from the west of the US to the east, but now it only took 7 days. With railroads expanding all across the country, agriculture was affected in a mostly positive way. Now, crops and other goods could be transported by train anywhere in the US, and fast.
All throughout Colorado there has been many developments and expansions. One of these developments is the railroad system. Railroads were and still are such an essential means of transportation for people as well for industries involving coal and fuel, and many other things. There are many key players and developers that took part in revitalizing Colorado in the 1870s. Some of these key players that contributed to the territory’s growth were William A.H. Loveland, Edward L. Berthoud, Henry M. Teller, and William Jackson Palmer.
a. Railroads in the late nineteenth century helped America become the richest industrial nation on earth. The railroads increased commerce and integrated the American market as well as helped national brands to emerge such as Ivory soap and A&P grocery stores. They also introduced time zones to make shipping and passenger travel more standard. The railroad was the first modern publicly traded corporations, the companies were large and expanding across the country. Railroad companies had a large amount of employees. Capital was needed to build railroad tracks so stocks were sold to the public such as wealthy tycoons such as Vanderbilt and Carnegie. The Railroad system was also a symbol of the partnership between national government and industry. The railroad would have never been created without legislature, land grants passed out by congress. An example would be the Central Pacific Railroad it was backed by wealthy tycoons including Leland Stanford, the ex-governor of California who had useful political connections, and Collis P. Huntington, an adept lobbyist. Railroads gave land th...
From 1871 to 1900, about another 170,000 miles of railroad tracks were added. Congress approved the Pacific Railway Act in 1862. That authorized construction of a railroad from coast to coast. Counties were able to work together easier due to the less travel time; which created an interconnected society. The use of steam engines made it possible so people could travel further distances much easier than if they were using only horse drawn wagons. The Railroads also created jobs across the United States that aided in the building of cities and towns across the country. With the invention of the steam engine those living in large cities across the country were able to obtain goods faster than they had been able with only horse powered means. Whatever good the railroads did for the country it also was rough on those who built it. Living in railroad construction camps and Laying track was an extremely hard way to live and earn a living. Railroad construction crews had to lay tracks across and through mountain, across lakes and rivers. They also were subjected to extreme weather conditions. The railroad camps draw all types of rough and tough characters, almost all of whom were looking for ways to make easy money, illegally or legally. Living conditions in the camps were often very rough and crude. The federal government aided in the building of transcontinental railroads by land grants. Railroad companies
In 1854, Congress passed the Kansas-Nebraska Act to create new territories. Stephen Douglass wrote the act in an effort to attract the transcontinental railroad to his home city of Chicago. Douglass needed Kansas, and Nebraska, to become official territories to make it happen. Douglass believed the act would help Chicago economically, and aid his hopes of becoming president by ending The Missouri Compromise. Popular sovereignty replaced geographic restrictions as the decided factor on the issue of slavery. The opportunity to move slavery further north galvanized the south, and outraged the n...
...ding Panel. Teaching children to read: An evidence-based assessment of the scientific research literature on reading and its implications for reading instruction(NIH Publication No. 00-4769). Washington, DC: Government Printing Office.
Snow, C., Burns, N., & Grilfin, P. (1998). Preventing reading difficulties in young children. Washington, DC: National Academy Press.
Wilson makes a comparison between the government systems of America and Europe and his intentions were not necessarily for America to do the same as Europe, but for us to explore and research other governments and public administrations, so that we can analyze and master our own. It is questionable why other governments have been more successful with certain matters than our own here in America. Wilson expresses relevant concerns and arguments that government systems should be further studied and improved as, it is crucial and ultimately beneficial to the nation and it’s
Pride and Prejudice is a very complex and detailed book that illustrates dramatic love stories that develop between three girls within the Bennet family. The author of Pride and Prejudice is Jane Austen. Jane was born and raised in Steventon, England from 1775 through 1817; she was the youngest of seven children (Wikipedia). She was very tall, slender, outgoing, and much admired. She was proposed to many times, but she refused all of her marriage offers. She spent her short life living with her family. Jane received a typical education, and she began to write at a very young age (Introduction ?). Jane mainly composed romantic fiction, and all her books included “intense realism and biting irony”. Pride and Prejudice is romantic fiction, and it was composed in 1813 within the Romantic Era (Wikipedia). The Romantic Era was mainly focused on the individual and their relationship with nature. Considering this, Pride and Prejudice did not really fit the time era considering the characters spent most of their time indoors and only developed relationships within each other. Jane composed Pride and Prejudice as a romantic fiction because when she wrote it she was just thirty eight. She had never been married but most likely loved love. She was also a very realistic and ironic writer, and with Pride and Prejudice being this genre she brought a lot of realism and irony considering the period it was written in. Pride and Prejudice is the second book publish by Jane Austen, but it is her most popular work for many, many different obvious reasons (Wikipedia).
A pharmacist plays a very important role in health and patient care. They are responsible for many commitments in the medical field. This includes filling prescriptions with the proper amount of medicine that the patient will need, giving advice on medications that the prescriptions should or should not be taken with, and matching the right prescription with the patient’s illness. They also superintend pharmacy technicians and make sure that they are doing their job properly. Pharmacists contribute to the medical field in many ways that are essential to patient needs. (“Chapter 40: Pharmacists,” 2003).
I pleased to apply to the PharmD program as the program is one area that corresponds to my career dreams. Being part of this program gives one the opportunity to gain an excellent experience in working and collaborating with various health care providers in the ward. But more importantly, it facilitates a practical environment in dealing more closely with patients. Hence, it helps to provide the ultimate health care services to patients. Also, it permits me to carry on gaining different knowledge, skills, and values in addition to those I have already developed during my undergraduate studies. My interest in being a clinical pharmacist was first aroused during my SPEP rotation in the hospital setting where I was really impressed with the role of clinical pharmacists who provide a consistent process of patient care with healthcare teams to maintain the appropriateness, effectiveness and safety of the medication use. Unlike a pharmacist, a clinical pharmacist has a more diversified responsibilities and closeness to direct patient care. Moreover, provides
Swanson, B. (2005). Careers in Health Care. 5th ed. [e-book] Blacklick, OH, USA: McGraw-Hill Professional Publishing. Available through: Taylor’s University Library website [Accessed 8 November 2011].