The rule of law is vital for supporting a democratic society. Citizens rely on the government to protect its people through laws and good governance. However, corruption undermines government’s abilities to be accountable for the good of its people. Corruption as defined by Transparency International is “the abuse of entrusted power for private gains”. When governments are corrupt, they defer the rule of law and create greater inequalities. Organized crimes, such as human trafficking, contribute to corruption by undermining law enforcement efforts, slowing economic growth, and raising the costs of regional trade (Dixon 98). These negative impacts effect the peoples trust in the government.
Cambodia according to Transparency International’s 2013 corruption perception index is ranked 160 out of 177 countries, with a score of 20 out of 100 (Corruption by Country). By this measure, Cambodia is one of the most corrupt countries in the world. The 2004 assessment of corruption in Cambodia by USAID and Casals and Associates, stated corruption “has become a part of everyday life in Cambodia” (Calavan, Diaz, O’Brien 2). To understand the current state of corruption within the nation, it is important to consider the countries recent history of successive political, economic, and social turmoil throughout the end of the twentieth century encouraged many qualified professional to leave the country (Ibid). Additionally, Cambodia’s history of military and political conflicts had isolated the country from advancing along with many of its neighbors. Furthermore, after the Paris Accords, the Cambodian government created a hybrid of “predatory market economics and authoritarian control” (Ibid). These factors, along with widespread extreme poverty,...
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...nd Jerald O’Brien. Cambodian Corruption Assessment. USAID and Casals & Associates. 2004. < http://www.globalsecurity.org/military/library/report/2004/cambodian-corruption-assessment.pdf>.
Calavan, Micheal M. “Cambodian Corruption Assesment.” USAID. Web. 2 Apr. 2012. .
"Corruption by Country / Territory."Transparency International. N.p., n.d. Web. 11 Apr. 2014.
"Office of Inspector General." USAID. N.p., n.d. Web. 2 Apr. 2012. .
Office of Inspector General. William Wilberforce Trafficking Victims Protection Reauthorization Act of 2008. Washington, DC: US Agency for International Development , 2010. Print.
Sen, Samdech HUN. Speech on December 11, 2001
In 2000, the United States Congress came together in Washington D.C, to take a stand against sex trafficking. Laws and programs that protected women from violence were implemented, and they...
However, all hope is not lost and there have been advances towards the prosecution of human trafficking cases. In 2000, the United States passed the “Trafficking Victims Protection Act of 2000” (hereinafter referred to as TVPA) which was drafted with the purpose of offering protection to people who are in the country illegally and may be victims of human trafficking. In order to be granted relief under “TVPA”, victims must prove that they were trafficked and submit to prosecution of hi...
Trafficking Victims Protection Act clearly defines the terms, communities have struggled in how to address those victims in relation to immunity. According to Dysart (2014), those with the perspective that children who are prostituted are delinquent will inadvertently re-victimize, which is not congruent with federal and state laws that have been put into place to offer protections. This mindset proves to be a barrier to the rehabilitation and progression of child victims. Due to the negative thought processes, the Attorney General has sought distribution to personnel best methods and practices in addressing victims of minor sex trafficking that is directly connected to grants for assistance in strengthening progressive programs (Dysart, 2014).
"Katherine Chon and Derek Ellerman: Fighting Human Trafficking." IIP Digital. U.S. Department of State, 01 Mar. 2009. Web. 26 Oct. 2013.
Thorn, Wade F., Ph.D. "U.S. Service Agencies Response to Trafficking." (n.d.): 10-12. Http://www.ciaonet.org/olj/gli/gli_jun2003c.pdf. Web. 25 Jan. 2014.
Corruption consists in the illegitimate agreement between a corruptor and a corrupted, in which they abuse of their public power in order to obtain personal benefit. Bribery and corruption is something that has been going on for years. According to Allen, “officials perceive themselves as immune to any penalties for demanding and receiving bribes” which she states that it is one of the main reasons for bribery and corruption in underdeveloped countries. According to Transparency International, an organization committed exclusively to end corruption, three of the most corrupt countries in the world are Somalia, North Korea and Afghanistan. This does not mean that corruption is only seen in underdeveloped countries. In international business, corporate employees often find themselves dealing with corruptors in foreign countries and, in most cases, they will give in.
U.S. Department of State Publication (2007) Trafficking in Persons Report,11407, United States of America: Office of Under Secretary for Democracy and Global Affairs and bureau of public affairs.
corruption and equal protection under the law for citizens regardless of wealth via legal and judicial
Tanzi, Vito. "Corruption around the world: Causes, consequences, scope, and cures." Staff Papers-International Monetary Fund (1998): 559-594.
Some people said that corruption is rampant in all governments, So that it is not unknown to any ethnic group, region and continent. It cuts across faiths, political systems, religious Denominations and affects both young and old people. Fraud can be found in public and authoritarian rule;...
Over the last few years, the issue of corruption--the abuse of public office for private gain--has attracted renewed interest, both among academics and policymakers. There are a number of reasons why this topic has come under recent inspection. Corruption scandals have toppled governments in both major industrial countries and developing countries. In the transition countries, the shift from command economies to free market economies has created massive opportunities for the appropriation of rents, excessive profits, and has often been accompanied by a change from a well-organized system of corruption to a more chaotic and deleterious one. With the end of the cold war, donor countries have placed less emphasis on political considerations in allocating foreign aid among developing countries and have paid more attention to cases in which aid funds have been misused and have not reached the poor. And slow economic growth has persisted in many countries with malfunctioning institutions. This renewed interest has led to a new flurry of empirical research on the causes and consequences of corruption.
Kearney, A.T. (2001). Corruption and the Globalization Index. Last access on 27 March 2005 at URL: http://www.globalcorruptionreport.org/download/gcr2001/data_and_research.pdf NAIM, Mois´s (1995). Corruption Eruption. Last accessed on 2 April 2005 at URL: http://www.carnegieendowment.org/publications/index.cfm?fa=view&id=648 MORAN, Robert T. and RIESENBERGER, John R. (1994)
In 2012,Transparency International’s Corruption Perceptions Index ranked India 94th out 176 countries. "It is not about petty bribes (bakshish) any more, but scams to the tune of billions of rupees that highlight a political/industry nexus which, if not checked, could have a far reaching impact”(KMPG,2012).Corruption poses a risk to India’s GDP growth and continual level of Corruption will lead to a volatile political and economic environment.Almost half of India’s economy runs in the informal or black market sector, ‘shadow economies’ permeate the lives of every citizen.What seems on the surface as broken,dysfunctional system,operates smoothly with ease for those with money and power.Whereas,for an Average citizen, access is limited and a reminder of a failed democracy.In this essay I will be looking more deeply into the issues of Corruption and how it has impacted the Indian economy.
SANDU, A., & NIŢU, M. (2013). CORRUPTION AND ORGANIZED CRIME. Contemporary Readings In Law & Social Justice, 5(2), 454-460.
Corruption and fraud is a relevant topic in South Africa and will continue to be so until it is able to be limited. Corruption is committed mainly by people in power as they neglect and take advantage of this power in order to better themselves at the expense of others. Fraud and corruption is the wrongful or criminal deception that results in financial or personal gain. Government officials, police officers and some unexpected individuals such as law officials have been known to commit corruption and fraud. There have been cases of corruption in the 2014 elections and the political parties have seen that it is something the community is concerned over. Each party has addressed this concern and suggested ways in which to limit this corruption. Not only is corruption morally wrong, but it causes trust problems between the community and people in power, the people who are meant to help society. (1)