The Risks of Premarital Cohabitation
explanatory Essay
2936 words
Introduction It is not a new thought that today’s young Americans are facing issues, problems and difficult decisions that past generations never had to question. In a world of technology, media, and a rough economy, many young adults in America are influenced by a tidal wave of opinions and life choices without much relevant advice from older generations. The Generation Y, or Millennial, group are coming of age in a confusing and mixed-message society. One of these messages that bombard young Americans is the choice of premarital cohabitation. Premarital cohabitation, or living together without being married (Jose, O’Leary & Moyer, 2010), has increased significantly in the past couple of decades and is now a “natural” life choice before taking the plunge into marriage. Kennedy and Bumpass (2008) state that, “The increase in cohabitation is well documented,such that nearly two thirds of newlyweds have cohabited prior to their first marriage”(as cited in Harvey, 2011, p. 10), this is a striking contrast compared with statistics of our grandparents, or even parents, generations. It is such an increasing social behavior that people in society consider cohabitation “necessary” before entering into marriage. Even more, young Americans who choose not to cohabitate, for many different reasons, are looked upon as being “old-fashioned”, “naive”, or “unintelligent”. This pressure for young people to cohabitate before marriage is a serious “modern-day” challenge; especially when given research that states, “... most empirical studies find that couples who cohabited prior to marriage experience significantly higher odds of marital dissolution than their counterparts who did not cohabit before marriage”, stated by Jose (2010) and colleagues (as c... ... middle of paper ... ...riage and Family, 71(2), 298-317. Retrieved from http://p3333-onlinelibrary.wiley.com.linkingservices.exlibrisgroup.com.proxytest.sdsu.edu/doi/10.1111/j.1741-3737.2009.00600.x/pdf Thornton, A. Department of Health and Human Services, (1995, p. 201-215). Attitudes, values and norms related to nonmarital fertility. Retrieved from website: http://books.google.com/books? Unmarried Equality. (2013). Statistics. Unmarried Equality Home, Retrieved from http://www.unmarried.org/statistics/ Welsh, J. M. (2000). Is a north american generation emerging?. ISUMA/ printemps, 86-92. Retrieved from http://dspace.cigilibrary.org/jspui/bitstream/123456789/700/1/Is a North American Generation Emerging.pdf?1 Wilcox, W. (2012). The state of our unions 2012 marriage in America : the President's marriage agenda. Charlottesville, VA: National Marriage Project, University of Virginia.
In this essay, the author
- Explains that young americans are influenced by a tidal wave of opinions and life choices without much relevant advice from older generations. premarital cohabitation has increased significantly in the past couple of decades.
- Explains that premarital cohabiting individuals view cohabitation as the "safe" choice without realizing that many are setting their relationship's up for failure.
- Explains that premarital cohabitating couples in the united states plan on getting married within a five year time frame, with 44% ending their relationship within five years.
- Explains that young americans are influenced by a tidal wave of opinions and life choices without much relevant advice from older generations. premarital cohabitation has increased significantly in the past couple of decades.
- Explains that premarital cohabiting individuals view cohabitation as the "safe" choice without realizing that many are setting their relationship's up for failure.
- Explains that premarital cohabitating couples in the united states plan on getting married within a five year time frame, with 44% ending their relationship within five years.
- Explains that demographics, such as age, economic and educational levels, are taken into consideration when examining couples, and the outcome and quality of their relationship. scholars have distinguished two likely explanations for why cohabitation doesn't end in successful and high quality marriages.
- Explains the selection effect, which means that individuals come into a relationship with certain qualities and beliefs about relationships that may prove dysfunctional with time.
- Explains that the cohabitation effect, or the experience explanation, is the only behavior of living together before marriage that has a negative effect on individuals psych and attitude toward their partner and their relationship.
- Explains that not all people are affected in the same positive or negative ways when cohabiting. age, maturity, length of relationship before and during cohabitation, upbringing, economic and educational levels, all play a factor.
- Explains that cohabitation is more common among those of lower educational and income levels, according to "the state of our union project".
- Opines that young people's money saving strategy is a benefit, basing their cohabitation, and the stresses that come with it, on monetary value.
- Explains that low economic status coupled with cohabitation results in a two in three greater chance of having children. monetary stressors, magnified due to the poor economy, encourage premarital cohabitation, but this decision tends to create new relational issues.
- Explains that premarital cohabitation continues for many reasons and effects individuals in different ways, but four possible reasons have emerged from scholarly research that suggest that the current american society is to blame.
- Explains that popular shows such as "friends" and "new girl" paint an exciting and romantic picture of premarital cohabitation and sexual activity for film goers.
- Explains that the media's number one concern is to create audiences and to sell their product and in doing so influence and create culture.
- Analyzes leon festinger's cognitive dissonance theory, which states that people have an 'aversive drive' that causes people to avoid opposing viewpoints, seek reassurance, and change private beliefs to match public behavior.
- Explains that americans are losing or turning away from religious practices, citing pew forum's u.s. religious landscape survey.
- Argues that loss of religion in america has influenced the growth of cohabitation.
- Explains that children of divorced parents have a higher chance of premarital cohabitation in their lives. many millennials saw their parent’s relationships end in divorce before the age of twenty.
- Explains that the social exchange theory, introduced by albert bandura, is defined as the role of observation and the mimicking or imitating of behaviors observed in others.
- Explains that divorced children are more likely to cohabitate before marriage. however, cohabitation is not an effective way to increase your odds of success in marriage and may even increase the chances of eventual divorce.
- Explains that american society has been infiltrated with the lie that "premarital cohabitation is the safe decision". the pressure that non-cohabitating individuals feel increases the percentage of cohabitors.
- Explains that the nuclear family's structure has disintegrated and been reshaped into an unstable relational environment. premarital cohabitation results in higher rates of marriage dissolution.
- Recommends self-assessing personal cohabitation decisions and expose the lie.
- Opines that to expose the lie means to accept scholarly research that strongly discourages premarital cohabitation. it is easy for individuals to talk themselves into behaviors or life choices that are not good decisions.
- Cites bandura, a., crowther, l. and friedinger's cognitive dissonance theory.
- Cites gerbner, g., and hardy, m. on the effects of media on children.
- Explains the possible consequences of divorce for children. utah divorce orientation, utah state university.
- Cites manning, cohen, and mccombs, m. (2012). premarital cohabitation and marital dissolution.
- Explains pew forum's u.s. religious landscape survey.
- Cites thornton, a. department of health and human services. attitudes, values andnorms related to nonmarital fertility.
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- Explains that marriage is traditionally defined as a social institution uniting men and women in special forms of mutual dependence for the purpose of founding and maintaining families.
- Explains that young marriages often lack preparation for a lifelong commitment. lack of commitment is another high reason for divorce, especially amongst young couples.
- Explains that social network sites like facebook and myspace tempt unhappy spouses to seek out others, which often works against marriage. spouses who admit they found their spouse online posting inappropriate comments are a common issue.
- Explains that one-quarter of all children in the world grow up with parents who are divorced. children are most affected by divorce after separation, as they are not mature enough to understand their loss and changing family circumstances.
- Explains that children of divorced parents are more likely to have had a child out of wedlock, achieve lower education levels, experience unemployment, and have more marital problems.
- Explains that divorce has been on a constant rise for the past years in american history, affecting children. even though the rates aren't as high as they have been before, they are very high.
937 wordsRead More - Lessons on Divorceopinion essayBridget Burke Ravizza wrote the article, “Selling Ourselves on the Marriage Market” and is an assistant professor of religious studies at St. Norbert College, De Pere, WI. After talking with an unnamed group of college students, she discovers that “These college students have grown up in a society in which nearly half of all marriages end in divorce.” She also reveals “they are fearful that their future marriages will go down that path, and some question whether lifelong commitment can—or should—be made at all.” Furthermore, Ravizza finds that “students are bombarded with messages about sexuality and relationships—indeed messages about themselves—that seem to undermine authentic relationships.” Simply put, culture has accepted divorce as a “normal” thing and has already begun to affect the next generations. The surveyed students are so fearful of divorce, they are, in essence, afraid of marriage as well. They even go to the extreme of avoiding divorce by saying they may not get married at all to prevent the “undermining of an authentic relationship.”
In this essay, the author
- Analyzes how bridget burke ravizza's article, "selling ourselves on the marriage market," reveals that college students are fearful that their future marriages will go down that path.
- Opines that half (if not more) married couples divorce in today’s society. whether or not this unfortunate trend will continue down through the following generation is a theory yet to be proven.
- Analyzes how the article is missing a few necessary citations. rachel greenwald is referred to by her best-selling book and theologian paul wadell by his book becoming friends.
- Analyzes how bridget burke ravizza's article, "selling ourselves on the marriage market," reveals that college students are fearful that their future marriages will go down that path.
- Opines that half (if not more) married couples divorce in today’s society. whether or not this unfortunate trend will continue down through the following generation is a theory yet to be proven.
- Analyzes how the article is missing a few necessary citations. rachel greenwald is referred to by her best-selling book and theologian paul wadell by his book becoming friends.
- Agrees with the article's thesis that divorce has slowly seeped its way into the "normal" way of life and is running rampant through our country.
- Opines that they find it disappointing that divorce has even found its way into their own family, though there was nothing they could do to change it.
- Explains that they have no intention of getting a divorce because they are christian and know what the repercussions can be, especially those of an eternal nature.
- Concludes that man's sinful nature makes bad things happen, though god didn't intend for it to be this way.
757 wordsRead More - Changes in Women and Marriageanalytical essay...Development, 18(1), 3-24. Everett, C. A. (1991). Marital Instability and Divorce Outcomes. Binghamton, NY:Haworth Press. Gleick, E. (1995, February 7). Should this marriage be saved? Time, 48-53, 56. Gottman, J. M. (1994). What Predicts Divorce? The Relationship Between Marital Processes and Marital Outcomes. Hillsdale, NJ:Lawrence Erlbaum Associates Publishers. Koontz, S. (1997). The way we weren’t. National Forum, (75), 11-14. Long, B. (1983). Evaluations and intentions concerning marriage among unmarried female undergraduates. The Journal of Social Psychology, 119, 235-242. Lundberg, S. & Pollack, R. A. (1996). Bargaining and distribution in marriage. Journal of Economic Perspectives, 10(4), 139-158. McLaughlin, S. D. (1988). The Changing Lives of American Women. Charlotte, NC:University of North Carolina Press. O’Neill, W. (1989). Feminism in America: A History. Princeton, NJ:Transaction Publishers. Oppenheimer, V. K. (1994). Women’s rising employment and the future of the family in industrial societies. Population and Development Review, 20 (2), 293-337. Unger, R. & Crawford, M. (1992). Women & Gender: A Feminist Psychology. Philadelphia:Temple University Press.
In this essay, the author
- Analyzes the changing relationship between women and marriage. economic factors, a rise in feminism, parents' influence, attitudes about sex, educational pursuits, and divorce statistics are discussed.
- Explains that women are less likely to marry in the future due to economic factors, feminism, parental influences, educational pursuits, and the divorce rate.
- Analyzes the influences and attitudes of women which determine their decision to marry or delay marriage, and how these expectations differ from other women's expectations.
- Analyzes the changing relationship between women and marriage. economic factors, a rise in feminism, parents' influence, attitudes about sex, educational pursuits, and divorce statistics are discussed.
- Explains that women are less likely to marry in the future due to economic factors, feminism, parental influences, educational pursuits, and the divorce rate.
- Analyzes the influences and attitudes of women which determine their decision to marry or delay marriage, and how these expectations differ from other women's expectations.
- Explains that men's economic status has substantially deteriorated since the 1970s. the institution of marriage underwent a rebellious and dramatic shift when women entered the work force.
- Argues that women's movement has made significant progress in its attempt to equalize opportunities, but the situation continues to be blatantly unjust.
- Analyzes the influence of parental influence on a woman's ideas and perceptions on marriage. late marries had less dating experience and more parental restrictions than earlier marriers.
- Explains that a close relationship with parents and identification with their fathers are positive predictors of career orientations for young women.
- Explains the dramatic changes in the professions of law and medicine, such as the number of women becoming lawyers, medical degrees, architecture, and business administration.
- Explains that educational attainment is negatively associated with the likelihood that women will ever marry and/or bear children, but not for men.
- Analyzes how the decline in the ideal of marital permanence has made people less willing and able to make commitments to and investments in marriage.
- Argues that the decline in marital success is due to an increase in what people expect of marriage.
- Explains that women have improved their education, and played a major role in the work force, thus making marriage less urgent and more arbitrary.
- Cites allen, s. m., kalish, r. a. and casler, l.
3293 wordsRead More - Healthy Marriage Programs Debateanalytical essayIt has been shown that children raised by single parents “are at greater risk of living in poverty and experiencing health, academic, and behavioral problems than children growing up with married biological parents” (The Early Impacts of Building Strong Families 1). Although new to the social welfare umbrella, Healthy Marriage Programs have existed for several decades and deemed effective by social scientists in improving relationship satisfaction and communication among romantically involved couples. All the programs tested so far, however, have served primarily white, middle-class, well-educated couples that were engaged or already married (Dion). Low-Income families have very specific problems compared to those of high-income families; sexual abuse, lower levels of trust and commitment, and a lack of exposure to positive role models for families. Marriage programs have worked, the only issue is creating a program suitable for the lower class. The programs must focus on happy marriages because if a child does not have good role models or anyone to supervise them at home, they will be less likely to utilize all the tools offered to them elsewhere. A denial of these programs will broaden the gap between the upper and lower class, and be the equivalent of promoting ignorance.
In this essay, the author
- Explains that single-parent children are at greater risk of living in poverty and experiencing health, academic, and behavioral problems than children growing up with married biological parents.
- Explains that the bsf program was designed to serve unmarried, romantically involved couples that were expecting or had recently had a baby.
- Describes marriage savers as a community-level intervention that aims to reduce divorce rates by establishing public commitment among clergy to support and strengthen marriage.
- Explains that single-parent children are at greater risk of living in poverty and experiencing health, academic, and behavioral problems than children growing up with married biological parents.
- Explains that the bsf program was designed to serve unmarried, romantically involved couples that were expecting or had recently had a baby.
- Describes marriage savers as a community-level intervention that aims to reduce divorce rates by establishing public commitment among clergy to support and strengthen marriage.
- Analyzes how healthy marriage programs can improve the life of a low-income child.
- Opines that dismissive of an idea like this will further broaden the class gap. over the past couple decades, the quality of life has increased significantly in the upper classes. a good household is more valuable than a formal education.
- Describes dion, m.robin. "the future of children." healthy marriage programs: learning what works.
- Summarizes hawkins, alan j. robin wilson, theodora ooms and steven l. knock's review of recent government reforms related to marriage formation, maintenance, and disillusion in the united states.
- Explains wood, robert g., sheena mcconnell, quinn moore, andrew clarkwest, and joann hsueh, "strengthening unmarried parents' relationships: the early impacts of building strong families."
1336 wordsRead More