The Rise of China: Conflict or Co-operation
analytical Essay
1626 words
The rise of China as a global economic and political player is a significant development in world politics and is one that has been unprecedented in history. China's global impact is increasingly felt on every continent, in most international institutions, and on many global issues. (1) (Shambaugh 2013) This is starting to create a power transition from the West to the East as the United States starts to decline, shifting the world landscape from a unipolar world towards a bipolar world. Historically, the emergence of new poles of power in the international system have been geopolitically destabilizing such as the rise of Russia, Germany, and the United States (2) (Layne 2008) Power sharing between superpowers has lead to conflict, fuelled by suspicion and mistrust. What will make China the exception as there demand for resources and expansion grows? Although China claims a “peaceful rise” to power, their actions in the international and regional and local systems have created conditions for conflict that has potential to be devastating to the world order.
Liberal theories have tried to emphasize that because our current international system is defined by political and economic openness, which has lead to increasing interconnectedness, China can rise to power peacefully. They argue that globalization has effectively made everyone dependent upon each other. Using this logic, China buying increasingly large amount of United States debt creates a safety net between the two, de-escalating potential future conflict due to reliance on each other. This however has not held true historically. In the 20th century tension and conflict were extremely high between Britain and United States due to the new emergence of a great power, even th...
... middle of paper ...
...its own currency and rid itself of the dollar, creating a dominant multi-reserve system. Daniel McDowelly and Steven Liao show strong evidence to support the trade interdependence hypothesis ‘‘the probability that a country will negotiate a BSA with the PBC increases as both countries become increasingly dependent on the other in the area of international trade.’’ (9) (Mcdowelly et al. 2012) This has vast implications because china is a heavy importer of oil and a heavy exporter of goods. BRICS has also recently began moving away from the U.S. dollar when doing transactions. At the latest BRICS Summit in South Africa in March 2013, the group decided to establish a BRICS development bank as a possible parallel structure to the World Bank. (13) China has began direct currency trading with many countries recently, as they move to cut the the 'middle man' U.S. dollar.
In this essay, the author
- Opines that china's future role will be as a co-operative bilateral and multi-lateral actor in the international arena, building their legitimacy.
- Explains china's support for authoritarian regimes has had devastating effects fuelling conflict in darfur. china has been consistently resisting the status quo.
- Argues that china's rise as a global economic and political player is significant in world politics and has been unprecedented in history.
- Argues that the brics alliance builds a cumulative and committed group of state sovereignty defenders, who are concerned with maintaining and reaffirming their independence as states.
- Opines that china's participation in the international system has been about serving their own interests over international communities, and as a way to contest the west without creating deep conflict.
- Argues that china is trying to undermine the current international system as they see a declining us.
Related
- analytical
- opinionated
- The Rising China and the United Statesanalytical essayThe article “U.S., China and Thucydides” (Robert B. Zoellick, 2013) addressed the security dilemma between the rising China and the U.S. through the historical story, “the Thucydides trap”. In addition, the chapter 15 in the book US FOREIGN POLICY, by Michael Cox and Doug Stokes, indicated the situation of changing East Asia, rising China, and the role of the U.S. in this region in different periods. Therefore, the materials have revealed an important question about Sino-US relation, which is should the United States cooperate or compete with the rising China?
In this essay, the author
- Analyzes how the article 'u.s., china and thucydides' addressed the security dilemma between the rising chinese and the us through the historical story. the chapter 15 in us foreign policy indicated the situation of changing east asia and rising china.
- Analyzes how robert's article suggests that the u.s. and china should cooperate in the future even though there would be many intensions and frictions.
- Concludes that china's peaceful rise has consoled its neighbors and the united states that it remains a status quo power.
- Opines that china and the united states should cooperate not only in the future, but also seize the opportunity to cooperate from now on.
- Opines that the u.s. and china are vital players in the world, especially when coping with the east asia regional security issues.
- Explains that the future trend of the sino-us relationship is to cooperate through competition, which is the "competitive coexistence".
733 wordsRead More - China’s Rise and Policy Options for the United Statesanalytical essayThe rise of China as a great power will most likely be one of the greatest potential challenges facing the United States in the 21st century. The rapid growth of China’s military and economic power – and the simultaneous decline in American capabilities –could become a source of tension and perhaps conflict between the two countries as the responsibilities that each state feels it should take on begin to change. There is reason for optimism, however, as specific economic factors, the general “openness” of the current international system, and shifting trends in how great powers interact with one another should exert a cooling influence on the Sino-American relationship. The strategy that the United States is currently pursuing has been largely successful at preventing potential flashpoints between the U.S. and China from igniting, but several additional measures could and should be taken to further decrease the risk of conflict between the two countries.
In this essay, the author
- Opines that the rise of china as a great power will be one of the greatest potential challenges facing the united states in the 21st century.
- Argues that china's growing share of global power presents a serious challenge to the security of the united states. the recent financial crisis has seen china become more assertive and vocal on the world stage.
- Opines that china may soon begin to challenge the united states militarily, as the recent naval incident with the us and deployments to fight piracy prove.
- Argues that the united states and china are not destined to conflict. china's rise, though seemingly inexorable, is not guaranteed.
- Argues that the truism that power transitions cause conflict may no longer be the case. the deterrent effects of nuclear weapons, the expense of modern conventional conflict, and changing norms among policymakers make great power conflict less likely.
- Opines that american and chinese policymakers have shown remarkable aplomb in dealing with periodic crises in the relationship.
- Argues that the united states should encourage its east asian allies to bolster their defense capabilities so they are less reliant on american security guarantees.
- Analyzes fettweis, christopher j, haas, mark l, ikenberry, g. john, and kagan, robert.
- Cites pape, robert a., seonjou, kang, and tessman, brock f.
1587 wordsRead More - Chinese and American Foreign Policyanalytical essayChinese and American Foreign Policy Since the fall of the Soviet Union, the Cold War was over, making the U.S. the only superpower left in the world. This has made the international system much more tranquil, and relaxed. The only country potentially powerful besides the U.S., is China. Many Americans fear China, not only because they are communist, but also because of their huge population.
In this essay, the author
- Analyzes how reform removed some of the assumptions for revolution and impeded its progress. the chinese student revolutionaries in tokyo extended their war of words to physical combat.
- Argues that the u.s. and china should become allies, instead of enemies, since they share common interests in peace and stability.
- Analyzes how the chinese revolutionaries' neglect of socialist principles contributed to the failure of the 1911 revolution.
- Analyzes how china's political fallout from the tiananmen crisis shaped much of its political landscape after 1989.
- Analyzes how china and the u.s. have been through many different phases of friendship together. they have gone from allies (wwii) to enemies (cold war).
- Explains that mfn status can be withdrawn from china by enactment of a joint resolution disapproving the mid-year annual renewal of the jackson-vanik waiver authority with respect to china.
2248 wordsRead More - The Relationship between the US and Chinaanalytical essayFrom the beginning of their establishment, the bilateral relations between the United States of America and China have changed throughout the time. The bilateral relations of the two countries emerged from 1970’s with the ‘Ping-Pong’ diplomacy and there have been many pauses in their mutual relations. The US and China enjoyed cooperation in economic and military spheres and the mutual relations grew massively during until the end of 1990’s. The heads of the two states began visiting each other’s countries and the economic ties were tightening year by year. However, the issues of human rights and free speech declined mutual Sino-American relations. The American principle of democracy promotion and human rights protection minimized the Sino- American relations after the Tiananmen Square events in 1989, the US Presidents-George Bush and Bill Clinton- playing a key role in determining the further American foreign policy towards China.
In this essay, the author
- Explains that the first decade of american-chinese relations started in 1971 with 'ping-pong diplomacy', when mao zedong invited american table tennis team to visit china.
- Analyzes how the events of tiananmen square had a negative impact on the relations between the us and china.
- Explains that the president of the united states formulates american foreign policy and plays an important role in the conflict situations. the case of tiananmen massacre became a topic for debate in both domestic and international politics.
- Analyzes how the issue of human rights in china and the tiananmen incident negatively influenced the diplomatic relations between america and china.
- Explains that the relations between the united states of america and china have always been unstable. the two countries developed mutual relations from the end of world war ii until the 1970s.
- Cites bosworth, barry, "conflicts in the u.s.-china economic relationship: opposite sides of the same coin?", the brookings institution.
- Cites dong, wang, the asia-pacific journal, vol. 11, issue 24, no. 4, june 17, 2013.
- Cites lawrence, susan v., "u.s.-china relations: an overview of policy issues", accessed october 19, 2013.
- Explains that china through a lens is a lens of china-us relations, accessed october 19, 2013.
- Opines that china's foreign relations after tiananmen: challenges for the u.s.
- Explains turner, oliver, "sino-us relations then and now: discourse, images, policy", political perspectives 2011, vol.
- Cites yuan, jing-dong, "sino-us military relations since tiananmen: restoration, progress, and pitfalls".
- Cites yan, xuetong, "the instability of china–us relations", the chinese journal of international politics 3, no. 3 (2010): 263-292.
- Explains that the bilateral relations between the united states of america and china have changed since the 1970s with the 'ping-pong' diplomacy.
- Explains that the 1980s were the decade of different types of reforms and growth in the american-chinese transfer of goods, values, ideas and technology.
1491 wordsRead More - The Threat of Chinaopinionated essayThe Threat of China With the end of the Cold War emerged two superpowers: The United States and the Soviet Union. The international system then was considered bipolar, a system where power is distributed in which two states have the majority of military, economic, and cultural influence both internationally and regionally. In this case, spheres of influence developed, meaning Western and democratic states fell under the influence of U.S. while most communist states were under the influence of the Soviet Union. Today, the international system is no longer bipolar, since only one superpower can exist, and indisputably that nation is the United States. However China is encroaching on this title with their rapid growth educationally, economically, and militaristically.
In this essay, the author
- Explains that the international system is no longer bipolar, since only one superpower can exist, and indisputably that nation is the united states.
- Analyzes how china outperforms the united states in the race to be the best. china has strong economic fundamentals, such as a high savings rate, huge labor pool, and powerful work ethic.
- Opines that china's military adeptness has led to the rising fear of a more assertive china. the united states is funding its military power through deficit spending.
- Opines that china is rapidly encroaching on the united states, despite the fact that a majority of chinese students come to the u.s. for better education.
- Opines that if the united states wants to remain a contender in the race to be the best, it must stay alert and outperform the chinese.
- Opines that pennagon warns china's military is growing rapidly | fox news.
784 wordsRead More - China and United Statesanalytical essayThroughout history Sino-American, relations have tedious, but there are moments of cooperation between the two powers. A lack of understanding for cultural and political differences has repeatedly led these nations to conflict. America's outlook of China has many times been naive; Americans imagined China the way they wanted not the way it really was. Within China, the struggles of modernization and America's attempts to control the region have caused drastically varied reactions throughout China's history with the United States. Cooperation for mutual benefit has pushed differences into the background several times in Sino-American relations, and the current partnership between the two nations continues to be one of the most important in modern geopolitical history,
In this essay, the author
- Analyzes how the history of united states-china relations tells a story of distrust, exploitation, and naivety, but also one of the struggle to bypass those differences.
- Explains that america began its history with china "from their initial contact in the 1780s" during the twilight years of china's imperial era.
- Analyzes how the growth of international narcotics trade broke down china's isolation as more chinese became addicts of the opium imported by british merchants.
- Analyzes how the expansion of the alien religion sparked attacks on missionaries and converts alike, driving the wedge between the chinese and the west.
- Explains that many americans found it difficult to accept the new wave of chinese immigrants to america. the senate passed the chinese exclusion act in 1882.
- Explains how the united states sought to ensure its role as a major player in the asian market without having to compete militarily for domination of china.
- Explains that the chinese were too weak to reverse the tide of foreign domination within their nation. revolutionaries such as sun yat-sen and yuan shihk'ai overthrow the qing regime.
- Explains that the kmt established a "unified front" against japanese aggression and sent chang kai-shek to the soviet union to protect the nation from japan.
- Analyzes how the ccp's wartime policy of fighting japanese forces and self-portrayal as a pan-chinese unifier led to tense relations between the two nations.
- Analyzes how nixon and kissinger campaigned for a "peace with honor" after the vietnam war and tet offensive. china saw the opportunity to improve sino-american relations.
- Explains that nixon's resignation in 1974 worried chinese officials, who questioned whether his opening to china had provoked it. politics in the u.s. would slow the process of normalizing relations with china.
- Analyzes how the economic interests of the late twentieth and twenty-first centuries have strengthened the need to maintain a working relationship with the other, yet tension because of geopolitical ambitions tends to put both nations at odds with one another.
- Analyzes how sino-american relations have been tedious, but there are moments of cooperation between the two powers. america's outlook of china has been naive, and the struggles of modernization and american attempts to control the region have caused drastically varied reactions.
2040 wordsRead More - The American Century and the Asian Centuryopinionated essay... the position of unrivalled superpower since the end of the Cold War. Nevertheless in today’s geopolitical climate it is unconvincing that it will be able to hold this position through to the end of the 21st century. The rapid rise of the developing world, and in particular China has led many to ask if the US will be succeeded by another state in the near future. China appears to be the most promising prospect, with the world’s largest population and soon largest economy. However it is unclear as to whether China will be able to usurp the USA in political and cultural influence, and so take dominance in the 21st century. Asia looks to pose the most convincing threat to US dominance in the 21st century. Rapid development, increased cooperation and stability, abundant resources and two superpowers in India and China look to make the 21st century, ‘The Asian Century’.
In this essay, the author
- Explains that the last hundred years have seen the downfall of european centred multilateralism and imperialism, the rise and fall of the soviet union as a bi-polar super power, and the steady hand of american dominance in international politics and economics.
- Explains that the 20th century was seen as the ‘american century’ due to the usa’s dominant roles in wwi, wwii, and the cold war.
- Explains that asia accounts for 66% of world oil and natural gas reserves, giving it great advantage to benefit from the growing energy demand of the 21st century.
- Explains that asia has developed economies through exploiting its comparative advantage in the price of manufacturing. the growth of tncs and cheap sea freight has allowed many western countries to establish and operate manufacturing facilities.
- Opines that the rapid rise of the developing world, and in particular china, has led many to ask if the us will be succeeded by another state in the near future.
- Opines that the shift away from the american century to an asian or chinese century may not become a reality due to the growth of the world brought by globalisation.
- Argues that china is the only state that could conceivably eclipse american hegemony in the 21st century. china's one party socialist republic, and system of five year plans, has allowed widespread development and reforms.
- Explains that the usa's role in the world has been that of a unipolar superpower. they have revised and diversified their understanding of their geopolitical position.
1879 wordsRead More - Anti-Americanism in Chinaanalytical essayShuja, Sharif M. "The United States and China." Contemporary Review 280.1633 (2002): 86+. Opposing Viewpoints in Context. Web. 26 Apr. 2014.
In this essay, the author
- Analyzes how public opinion polls measure an attitude of anti-americanism in china embedded in cognitive emotions. the majority of americans viewed osama bin laden as a malevolent man.
- Explains that china has opened the door to foreigners and welcomed visitors to see the rapid change in the country.
- Explains that china on bin laden. washington times, 5 may 2011: a08. opposing viewpoints in context.
- Analyzes how chinese schools taught history as a series of guo chi, or national humiliations caused by foreign powers.
- Analyzes the washington times' "inside china" and opposing viewpoints in context.
- Explains katzenstein, peter j., and robert o. keohane. anti-americanisms in world politics.
- Explains shambaugh's book, anti-americanism: origins and context, in association with the american academy of political and social science.
- Analyzes shuja, sharif m., "the united states and china." contemporary review 280.1633 (2002): 86+.
- Defines anti-americanism as a psychological tendency to hold negative views of the united states and american society in general.
- Analyzes how mcdonalds molded the image of the american food in china.
- Concludes that the chinese are not xenophobic and irrational, but should be proud of their country after taking goodness from china.
- Explains that china now owns a record $1.317t of u.s. government debt.
1992 wordsRead More - Clash of civilizationsanalytical essay7. Minxin Pei,”Dangerous Denials: China's Economy Is Blinding the World to Its Political Risks”, Foreign Policy, No. 146 (Jan. - Feb., 2005), pp. 56-58 Published by: Washingtonpost.Newsweek Interactive, LLC Article Stable URL: http://www.jstor.org/stable/30048179
In this essay, the author
- Analyzes how samuel huntington's article "clash of civilization" explains that the world is divided east vs. west due to religion. does globalization have an influence?
- Explains that china's claim to the east china sea is complex, and that it has designated much of the sea as an air defense zone it controls.
- Cites huntington, samuel p., “the clash of civilizations?” foreign affairs, summer 1993, 72, 3; abi/inform global.
- Analyzes kirk spitzer's article, "u.s. sends b-52s over china-claimed waters", usa today.
- Explains that religion defines a culture meaning that one’s religious views can shape the way they see things in political since. globalization is the main reason for the superpowers.
- Opines that china's economy is blinding the world to its political risks.
742 wordsRead More - The Pros And Cons Of China And China Relationsopinionated essayU.S and China trade deals The U.S and China relations has intend become very well known in the international scene. There are some many good things about trade and the economy such as competition, security, wealth, fairness, globalization interdependence and domination and strength for all countries that open their border to trade and influence between other countries. It is also a great thing to bash in politics in the U.S. There are benefits to trade to each country as wells as what are the disadvantages of the trade deals and are there certain agreements that are being manipulated and the manufacturing sector in the U.S. economy and the reason why China and the U.S. behave they say it does with each other (Mearsheimer) in the international
In this essay, the author
- Opines that the u.s and china trade deals are the best that shows the liberal and realism point of view of cooperation between two major dominates in the international stage for its own interests.
- Explains that china entered the wto in 2001 and became the sixth largest economy and largest market trade partner with the u.s.
- Explains that trade deals with the u.s. have made china a dominating country in the world economy. china's manufacturing exports to the us were 10.8% in 2002.
- Explains that the u.s. has an estimate of 2.3 trillion goods and services by 2013. china has opened and liberalized its market which gave it another reason to trade and increase its gdp.
- Explains that the trade deal with china is ironic because china has the biggest u.s debt and that keeps us interest rate low. they are a clear idea of realism thought in international studies.
- Explains that this kind of deals exploits the global south because it makes it needier and very dependent in the northern globalization and becomes a bi-polar environment.
- Explains that the u.s. manufacturing sector is hurting and has had a high impact on it.
- Opines that the world needs a stronger and effective imf for multilateral and international economics treaties.
- Explains that china and other asian countries have thwarted global payments and adjusting its values and that has led to global rules being made by and not being followed and violating the international monetary system.
- Explains that china is an economic power and the u.s. behaves negatively towards it because of currency manipulation and devaluation to get an advantage in trade.
- Explains that the u.s. and china behave differently because china has a large population and increased consumption in the world.
- Concludes that the u.s. and china trade deals have had a big impact in both countries. the difference is that china needs to keep its debt and low interest rate for us consumers.
2383 wordsRead More