The Rise & Fall of the Japanese Semiconductor Industry, 1970 – 2000 Summary: The semiconductor was the created with the innovation of transistor by Bell Corporation. The industry was driven by the of great US electronic giants such as general Electronic, Texas Instruments and others. These US giants conquered most of the world market sharers. However in the ever-changing world economy the market always moves here to there. Nothing was different in the case of semiconductor industry. With the span of time US gradually lost control of the semiconductor market shares and Japan captured the industry. Nevertheless, it was only a matter of period to misplace the market share of semiconductor business by Japan. The time frame of semiconductor business started immediately after WWII and running even now. In a way the changes took place and how the shape of distribution of market has been changed was grounded by all time great market and economic mechanisms. Some argues those government policies and economic mechanisms in an optimistic viewpoint some obviously in sees in pessimistic view. However, this is known to all that the policies that have been part of the cause have made those countries the world’s leader in electronic production as well as the economic super power of the planet. Although US is the originator and architect of the semiconductor technology, especially was outstanding in DRAM (Digital random Access Memory) assembly, US actually struggled to stay in the competition in long run because of the excellent Japanese policy about the foreign direct investment in Japan. Many may argue with various benefits of green field investment that it is good for the host country but Japan never encouraged Greenfield investment by US or by any other countries especially in semiconductor industry. Forget about the encouragement, Japan had a great barrier and restrictions on this semiconductor industry. The policy of Japanese government, Ministry of International Trade and Industry (MITI), deliberately made US firms to go for joint adventure with the Japanese companies. Initially US firms were making profit but with the help of Japanese government policy Japanese firms took over 80% of global market share of chip making business especially semiconductor industry where US was the innovator of the DRAM. Afterward tremendous... ... middle of paper ... ...gained DRAM market share in Japan. Even in 1988 Samsung never produced DRAM but in 1994 got more than 12 percent of market share lot ahead of Japanese giants like Mitsubishi or NEC. The investment on plants of digital chip making was lot higher by the Korean and Taiwanese company compared than Japanese or US. South Korean firms invested 55 percent of the revenue from the semiconductor revenue whereas Japanese did only 15 percent. The aggressive move from South Korea and Taiwan made them able to grasp the market share of Japan. Still now from 1991 Japan is losing its market share in semiconductor business. Also, The U.S. comeback in chips was due primarily to rapid growth in the market for microprocessors, the chips that act as the "brains" of personal computers. That market is dominated by Intel & Motorola. Intel's semiconductor sales increased from $1 billion in 1986 to about $4 billion in 1991, a gain that by itself is responsible for the U.S. share of the world market being about 5% higher than it otherwise would be. The Japanese attempt to develop its own microprocessor design standard – “TRON” failed in large part because there was no software to support it.
Jeffrey Kingston. Japan in Transformation, 1952 – 2000. Harlow: Pearson Education Limited, 2001. 230 pp.
the economy in many more ways than they weaken it. As you read on, I'm sure you
Historically, successful civilizations have tended to have constant economic growth. The civilization of China was not successful in the nineteenth century because it had a declining economy, while the civilization of Japan was successful in the same time period because it had a economic growth. As a result China was unable to focus on other key areas such as medical and technological advancements, native culture, and military conquests. Japan’s growing economy enabled it to innovate, grow their culture, and attain military power, all of which are measures of success. China was unable to grow socially and politically because they did not have economic growth.
During the time period between the 1850s and 1950s, Japan underwent massive changes politically, economically, and socially. Acknowledging the failure of isolation, Japan imitated the West in an attempt to modernize, however, still retaining its own identity. A reorganized and more centralized government allowed Japan to industrialize in half the time it took the nations of Western Europe. Industrialization provided Japan with the tools needed to transform itself from a half civilized and “backwards” society during isolation, to a dominating superpower during WWII.
Meiji Restoration, refers to the 1860s Japan in under the impact of Western capitalist industrial civilization of, from top to bottom, with capitalist nature of the overall westernization and modernization reform movement [1].
The Meiji Restoration refers to the time when the western technology was adopted by the Japanese which in turn allowed them to fully industrialize which took less than fifty years. The great general “Tokugawa Shogun” ruled Japan in the feudal years and he lost his power and the Meiji emperor took over. When the Meiji emperor was made the head of the Japanese in 1868, the country was a militarily vulnerable region, was mostly farming, as well as got small technical development. It absolutely was handled by many semi-independent feudal lords. The Western forces — European Union as well as the US got Japan to sign treaties that confined its control over the foreign trade that was and also made sure that any law breakers who were not Japanese were not tried in Japanese courts but in the western courts. By the time the Meiji restoration was over the Japanese was in no fear whatsoever that it would be imperialized, instead they sort out to practice imperialism themselves in order to gain power and acquire the natural resources. Japan in turn emerged as one of the world class power using the western technology and its methods while still maintaining the cultural traditional values of the local people in Japan
In the mid-nineteenth century, the Tokugawa system that had successfully reigned over Japan for over two hundred years was beginning to feel the internal and external pressures of a modern world; ultimately calling for a renewal of the world order (Yonaoshi) (Wilson, 59). That calling came when a series of black ships led by Commodore Perry landed off the port of Uraga on July 8, 1853. After over two centuries of seclusion, Japan was being pried open by Western forces, who though were in search of setting up trading posts in Japan, indirectly served as the catalyst that set off the series of events that helped Japan transcend its fixed and permanent system, into the modern era that was characterized by rapid political, economic, social and cultural change (Wilson, 52-53).
Before the industrial revolution, transportation played a huge role in daily life. The only way to make money was to trade goods, but the only method of transportation was the wagon and horse. It took ages to transport from one place to another. Improved technology brought railroads and canals. These made transportation cheaper and 100 times more efficient. This not only made more money but brought jobs when trying to build the railroads. The canals were overcrowded so the government made laws to improve them (“Industrial Revolution” 1). Overall the in...
The early modernization and industrialization of Japan through the Meiji period in the 1860s allowed rapid development of a prosperous Japanese society. The samurai tradition was widely respected and a natural development was the growth in power of the military. By 1894 Japan’s fear of Western influences and its desire to be recognized as a world power led to the Sino-Japanese War in which Japan invaded China. Victories there gave Japan new confidence and in 1904 and 1905, the government engaged in the Russo-Japanese War giving Japan new strength in mainland Asian positions. The twentieth century was a century of tremendous worldwide social, economic, and political change. The development of media technology impacted nations, reducing the differences between cultures. Japan, by then, one of the leading industrial states of the 21st century, was highly influential in Eastern Asia and throughout the world. The infamous bombing of Pearl Harbour in December, 1941 revealed a Japan feeling empowered enough to attack the United States of America.
Edelman C., M. C. (2010). Health Promotion Throughout the Life Span. (7th ed.). St. Louis: Mosby Elsevier.
innovative companies of the world due to the creation of differentiated products such as iPod,
The elephant is a mammal that is highly regarded in many different religions and cultures. The meaning of the symbol does vary between each different religion and culture. Throughout this thesis, I will be sharing the results of my investigation to answer the eight research questions I discussed earlier.
The demand for memory chips was insatiated. All products had successful launch and carried premium pricing.
Health promotion is a guiding concept involving activities intended to enhance individual and community health well-being. It aims at increasing involvement and control of the individual and the community in their own health. It acts to develop health and social welfare, and to reduce explicit determinants of diseases and risk factors that unfavourably affect the health, well-being, and productive capacities of an individual or society, setting targets based on the size of the problem but also the possibility of successful involvements, in a cost-effective
The Land of the Rising Sun, Japan, is an island located in the Pacific Ring of Fire. Surrounded by water, this archipelago is nearly 71% mountainous. The climate of Japan is fairly consistent creating a long growing season. Because of these specific geographic features, Japan’s culture has been impacted greatly. One of the largest sources of protein, for the Japanese, is fish. This source of protein is gained through the help of specific geographic features. As well as their diet, their source of relaxation and tranquility is made possible. Finally, a large growing season is promising as well.