Respiratory System
Have you ever felt like you were out of breath…. This all falls under the respiratory system. The respiratory system is divided into two different portions. The first is made up of the upper airway and the second portion is the lower airway. Muscles, respiratory distress, failure, hypoxic drive, extra.
The upper air way consists of the nasal passage, oral cavity, pharynx, larynx, epiglottis and trachea. The nasal cavity is a giant space located behind the nose; both nostrils connect to this cavity and bring air into our bodies. The oral cavity is a section of the mouth which is behind our gums and teeth that is bound together by soft and hard palates. Right behind the oral cavity sits the pharynx that runs into the esophagus,
Respiratory distress doesn’t just occur in adults, it c HELPPPPPPPPPPPPPP
“Acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) occurs when fluid builds up in the tiny, elastic air sacs (alveoli) in your lungs.” When fluid is in your lungs there is less room for oxygen, which then leads to an inadequate amount of oxygen reaching the your organs, therefore they cannot function properly. It is common/ and easier to develop respiratory distress when there is a disease or trauma present. Since your body is already weakened there is a higher chance for people to get more severe problems. “Many people who develop ARDS don 't survive. The risk of death increases with age and severity of illness. Of the people who do survive ARDS, some recover completely while others experience lasting damage to their lungs.” Majority of people who develop respiratory distress already find out they have a disease or were in some kind of trauma, therefore when they find out they have respiratory distress they are already hospitalized from previous issues
“Respiratory failure is a syndrome in which the respiratory system fails in one or both of its gas exchange functions: oxygenation and carbon dioxide elimination.” There are two different types of respiratory failure; there is type I and type II. Type I called hypoxemic respiratory failure, is when arterial oxygen tension is lower than 60 mm Hg with a normal or low arterial carbon dioxide tension. Type I is the most common with respiratory failure. Generally respiratory failure is associated with another disease, like fluid filling in the alveolar units. “Some examples of type I respiratory failure are cardiogenic or noncardiogenic pulmonary edema, pneumonia, and pulmonary hemorrhage.” Type II, called hypercapnic respiratory failure, is when arterial oxygen tension higher than 50 mm Hg. “Hypoxemia is common in patients with hypercapnic respiratory failure who are breathing room air.” There are many examples of type II as well, such as, “…drug overdose, neuromuscular disease, chest wall abnormalities, and severe airway disorders (eg, asthma and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease [COPD]).” Most of the signs and symptoms for respiratory failure, whether type I or type II are very similar. Some of the signs and symptoms are shortness of breath, cyanosis (if oxygen level are very low), and with carbon dioxide levels being high it can also cause rapid breathing and/or confusion
Secondly, severe asthma can be life-threatening. Suffering from asthma can be frightening to experience and people often feel scared and anxious. The fear and scare can also lead to breathlessness and so mak...
The respiratory system is the system for taking in oxygen and giving off carbon dioxide in organisms. The respiratory systems of California sea lions, king cobras, and bald eagles have a few similarities and differences, but they all allow the intake of oxygen for each organism.
Also, hypoxia, which is a lack of oxygen, is another pathological physiological outcome of sepsis as less oxygen is reaching the tissue; this is due to the fact that there is less oxygen in the blood.
The respiratory system undeniably serves a very important function in the body. Anyone who has had any event where they couldn’t breathe normally, or maybe not at all, recognizes the importance and mental peace that comes with being able to breathe stress free.
Mrs. Jones, An elderly woman, presented severely short of breath. She required two rest periods in order to ambulate across the room, but refused the use of a wheel chair. She was alert and oriented, but was unable to speak in full sentences. Her skin was pale and dry. Her vital signs were as follows: Temperature 97.3°F, pulse 83, respirations 27, blood pressure 142/86, O2 saturation was 84% on room air. Auscultation of the lungs revealed crackles in the lower lobes and expiratory wheezing. Use of accessory muscles was present. She was put on 2 liters of oxygen via nasal canal. With the oxygen, her O2 saturation increased to 90%. With exertion her O2 saturation dropped to the 80's. Mrs. Jones began coughing and she produced large amounts of milky sputum.
Respiratory distress syndrome type I is a decrease production of surfactant, a noncelluar chemical produced in the type II alveolar in the lungs that's primary function is to decrease the surface tensions and attraction between the type I alveolar walls. Respiration requires the alveolar walls to inflate and deflate continuously, while ventilating the alveoli are exposed to moisture causing an attraction between the alveolar walls. (Kenner, Lott, & Flandermeyer, 271) Surfactant primary function is to neutralize the attraction to prevent alveolar collapse during deflation.
However, this approach not only lacks objectivity, but it also fails to acknowledge the abnormal physiology that precedes this breakdown in self-care. For instance, it has been reported that 70% of patients preceding cardio-pulmonary arrest had a physiological decline in respiratory or mental function (Schein et al 1990). Observing deterioration in activities of daily living alone does not accurately mirror underlying physiological deterioration occurring in patients.
However, the lower respiratory tract is consist of trachea, two mainstem bronchi, lobar, segmental and sub-segmental bronchi, bronchioles, alveolar, ducts, and alveoli (Ignatavicius & Workman, 2010).
The Respiratory System 1. Define respiration. Respiration is the process of converting glucose to energy, which goes to every cell in the body. 2. Describe the organs of external respiration.
One important body system is the circulatory system. The systems job is to pump blood to all parts of the body. The blood circulates inside of many tubes and blood vessels which are found in your body. Blood vessels carry the blood to all parts of the body. Oxygen goes into the blood every time we take a breath. Carbon dioxide is a kind of gas. The blood carries carbon dioxide from the cells to the lungs. When a person breathes out, the body is getting rid of carbon dioxide. Your circulatory system works twenty-four hours a day, seven days a week. It even works when you are sleeping. The circulatory system delivers food, fluids and chemicals to cells throughout your body. It helps to clear your body of waste and carries cells that fight diseases. If your circulatory system would stop working, your cells would starve. Sometimes a doctor would give a patient a vaccine directly into the circulatory system so the medicine should travel to the parts of the body that need it. The circulatory system is made up of three main parts: the heart, the blood vessels, and the blood. The two main kinds of blood vessels are arteries and veins. There are also smaller vessels called capillaries. Arteries and veins are connected by capillaries. A heart of a human is a muscle. The heart has a left side and right side. On the right side, blood enters the heart from the body and then goes from the right side of the heart and to the lungs. In the lungs, it picks up oxygen and returns to the left side of the heart. The oxygen and the blood are then pumped to the body. The heart contains valves. The valves function is to keep the blood flowing in one direction. Each side of the heart is divided into two parts. The upper chamber is called an...
Every cell in the human body requires oxygen to function, and the lungs make that oxygen available. With every breath we take, air travels to the lungs through a series of tubes and airways. After passing through the mouth and throat, air moves through the larynx, commonly known as the voice box, and then through the trachea, or windpipe. The trachea divides into two branches, called the right bronchus and the left bronchus, that connect directly to the lungs. Air continues through the bronchi, which divide into smaller and smaller air passages in the lungs, called bronchioles. The bronchioles end in clusters of tiny air sacs, called alveoli, which are surrounded by tiny, thin-walled blood vessels called capillaries.
When you breathe in, air containing carbon dioxide (CO2) and oxygen (O2) it moves down your trachea; a tunnel containing cartilage and smooth tissue. Air then travels through two hollow tubes called bronchi; narrow branches lined with smooth muscle, mucosal and ringed cartilage to support the structure. The bronchi divide out into smaller tunnels called bronchioles; are small branches 0.5-1mm, lined with muscular walls to help dilate and constrict the airway. At the end of the bronchioles are little air sacs called alveoli; which assist in gas exchange of O2 and CO2. (Eldridge, 2016) Towards the end of alveoli are small blood vessel capillaries. O2 is moved through the blood stream through theses small blood vessels (capillaries) at the end of the alveoli and the CO2 is then exhaled. (RolandMedically,
Alveolar hyperventilation causes a decreased partial pressure of arterial carbon dioxide (PaCO2). The decrease in PaCO2 increases the ratio of bicarbonate concentration to PaCO2 which increases the pH level. The decrease in PaCO2 develops when a strong respiratory stimulus causes the respiratory system to remove more carbon dioxide than is produced. Respiratory alkalosis can be acute or chronic. Acute respiratory alkalosis is when the PaCO2 level is below the lower limit of normal and the serum pH is alkalemic. Chronic respiratory alkalosis is when the PaCO2 level is below the lower limit of normal, but the pH level is relatively normal or near normal. Respiratory alkalosis is the most common acid-base abnormality observed in patients who are critically ill. It is associated with numerous illnesses and is a common finding in patients on mechanical ventilation. Many cardiac and pulmonary disorders can occur with respiratory alkalosis. When respiratory alkalosis is present, the cause may be a minor or non–life-threatening disorder. However, more serious disease processes should also be considered in the differential diagnosis (Byrd, 2017). Hyperventilation is most likely the underlying cause of respiratory alkalosis. Hyperventilation is also known as over breathing (O’Connell, 2017).
Humans have a system that circulates through the body through millions of blood vessels, delivering oxygen to cells that require the substance. The system is consisted of a heart, lungs, different
...o Pneumonia, it causes respiratory failure. The treatment for this would most likely be ventilator breathing for the patient with supplemental oxygen. (Boothby, L. A. (2004)