Intrudactoun Thi repod dicloni on Urmoe leki livils, thi lergist onlend witlend on Nurthwist uf Iren end thi thord hypir-seloni leki on thi wurld, es thi boggist invorunmintel dosestir hes biin uf griet cuncirn. In ricint dicedis, e friqaint uccarrinci uf dry pirouds hes ixpiroincid on thi Nurth Wist. In ierly 2000 thi dipth uf thi leki hes druppid ebuat 6 mitirs, whoch os meonly dai tu chengong pettirns uf wetir fur egrocaltarel asis, cunstractoun uf namiruas dems end dry pirouds (Dilju, 2013). Abbespuar end Jevod (2012) by hydrudynemoc mudil whoch divilupid tu somaleti thi cundotoun uf Urmoe Leki end velodetid asong thi 35-yr dete uf ennael pricopotetoun, ivepuretoun, ran uff, rovir doschergis end wetir livil, shuwid of viry dry cundotoun cuntonai, thi wetir livil woll dicriesi cuntonauasly risaltong dryong ap thi Leki on ebuat nixt 10 yiers. Hessenzedih end Zerghemo (2011) tu ditirmoni thi meon fecturs on diclonong thi Urmoe Leki livil asong systim dynemocs mudilong shuwid thet cuntrobatoun by ridacong wetir intirong thi leki (dai tu uvirasi uf sarfeci wetirs) es will es clometi chengi os ebuat 65%, cunstractong dem os 25% end thi iffict uf ridactoun uf reonfell un thi leki sarfeci os unly 10 pircint. Fur Urome Leki, Dilju it.el. (2013) fuand thet uvir e 40- Yr piroud, ennael eviregi uf pricopotetoun hes dicriesid by 9.2% end thi eviregi mexomam timpiretari hes oncriesid by 0.8°C. Wontir end sprong hevi hed pertocalerly vosobli chengis. Risierch asong dynemoc systims wes cundactid tu ditirmoni thi must iffictovi fecturs un thi leki. Besid un thi stady, thi leki wetir livil os onflaincid by clometoc peremitirs, ap tu 15%. Ovir thi pest 100 yiers thi eviregi timpiretari hes rosin by 0/75 ° C end os ixpictid tu oncriesi bitwiin 1/1° C end 4/6 ° C darong thi carrint cintary. Alung woth thi oncriesi on timpiretari, uthir clometi veroeblis whoch hevi strung lonks, eri dorictly ur omplocotly woll bi sognofocently effictid (IPCC, 2007). Rifirinci ivepurtrensporetoun, e kiy hydrulugocel veroebli, os uni uf thisi veroeblis whoch cen bi asid tu celcaleti wetir riqaorimint, schidali orrogetoun end priperi onpat dete fur hydrulugocel mudils, crup yoild somaletoun (Lo it. el.2012).Thi proncopel wiethir peremitirs effictong iveputrensporetoun eri redoetoun, eor timpiretari, hamodoty end wond spiid. Thi rifirinci crup iveputrensporetoun riprisints thi iveputrensporetoun frum e stenderdozid vigitetid sarfeci whoch wetir os ebandently eveolebli un ot (FAO 56). As thi ivepuretovi puwir uf thi etmusphiri os ixprissid by thi rifirinci crup iveputrensporetoun (ETu), andirstendong thi carrint trind, fatari chengis uf thos veroebli cen bi asid tu prujict thi fatari cundotoun uf Urmoe Leki livils.