Xinjiang is one of the regions or states that were attached to China in the 20th century. This means that it was not initially part of the economic, political nor cultural level of the old Chinese nation. Geographically, China is located in the Central Asia. This meant that if china had any intention to harmonize the economy of the whole nation at large in conjunction with the new Xinjiang, which was referred to as Uighur kingdom (Chaudhuri 55). Besides the economic level differing, there were also some differences in the cultural as well as religious practices. These were important in the manner by which the eastern china would have embraced the rest of the western part of china including the new Xinjiang state. In the 20th century, there was the issue of differentiated provision of policies. It was clear that there was a complication in harmonizing the two regions economically as well as socially.
Initially, the relationship between the Chinese communist and the Xinjiang state was not as expected. There was a paradigm shift of the policies of delivering to the state administrative powers but withdrew the intended policy to give them the right to communication, worship, as well as customs. Ideally, these among other factors are thought to bring about poor economic condition. That is, these results caused some complications to the failure of economic policies. Pluralism tended to take control in the initial times when the two cultures were trying to harmonize (Chaudhuri 56). Dating back in the times when the Uyghur state was independent of china, then there was some level of economic independence. However, there arose some historical as well as economic disparities after the Chinese adopted it. This is one of the most challenging ...
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...there is the emergence of wholesale and retail businesses that have expanded to a large extent. This has led to a different structure of the finance and real estate structure. Statistically, in the year 2008, the different levels of industries are rated to range from 16.4% to 49.7% of the GDP. Different projects like irrigation, as well as water reservoirs, are a clear indication of food security and hygiene as well as health to the entire nation. The completion of such large projects has lead to the creation of employment. For instance, the expansion of the industries has led to the development of infrastructure. The construction exercise is identified to adapt to the local employment. The advancement of sectors like trade, communication and agriculture, has led to the projection of a better future in the economy of the province of Xinjiang and china at large.
...sive account of the struggle for the vast swathes of land in Central Eurasia between China, Russia, and the Zhunghar state from the 17th century from the formation of the three states to the eventual domination of Eurasia by Russia and China and the elimination of the Zunghar as a people. Throughout the book, Perdue argued convincingly against the traditional Chinese believe that a “Heavenly will” determined the inevitable fate of Central Eurasia, instead, it was the few “contingent conjuncture” such as Li Zicheng’s rebellion which allowed the Manchus to take China as well as Qianlong’s unprecedented decision to exterminate the Zunghars which ended the millennium struggle against northern nomadic invasion. This book enlightens the reader by demonstrating the number of “conjunctures” in history that makes up the geopolitical landscape of modern day Central Eurasia.
Communism impacted the countries of Russia and China in both strikingly similar and different ways, for the better, or for the worse. During the time period of 1900 to 1945, communism in China and Russia were developed both differently and similarly by the audience to whom they appealed, the programs they sponsored, how they incorporated nationalism into those programs, how effectively they were resisted, and in how the Communist rules were structured. They both appealed to the peasantry, sponsored programs that would call for equal opportunity given to the people, and were resisted ineffectively but the Chinese altered their programs, due to the difference in politics, geographic location, and social problems. The audience in which they appealed to were similar, for they both appealed to the peasantry due to harsh times. They both rose to power due to the fact that the country wanted to end war but their opposing political party did not meet these needs. Nationalism was an important feature of both as China needed nationalism to fight the Japanese while Russia needed nationalism to pull out of the war. The programs they sponsored essentially were similar in many aspects although they did not match up perfectly because of the geological, social, and political differences of China. Communism affected both countries in a variety of different ways.
The Mongol occupation of China, had many positive effects on the economy, primarily caused by the attention paid to the lower classes, as well as increasing the trade occurring, with the utilization of the S...
2. What was the impact of the Mongol conquest on Chinese social and political structure?
China has gone through many changes in its history. Changes include economic, political, and social. In the early 1500 and throughout history, mostly all social classes followed Confucianism. Confucianism is a type of religion based on an ideal society (Chang 2012, 22). China was molded though Confucianism but that slowly deteriorated as years went on. One main group that has been a main part in these changes is the Chinese literati. The Chinese literati include the higher-class people such as officials and scholars. The Chinese literati were the dominant social class during the 1500’s but their power slowly decreased throughout history. Throughout my paper, I will explain the Chinese literati involvement as centuries passed.
Programs such as collectivization and land reformation were essentially a microcosm of Mao's impact on China. Under the policy of collectivization, the government promoted cooperative farming and redistributed the land on the principle that the product of labor could be better distributed if the la...
In China, political impact from the Mongols came off much more strict and centralized than what politically occurred in Russia, and had a more significant effect. Succeeding the rule of Genghis Khan, the Mongols became a large empire that heavily influenced the Chinese after they defeated the Chinese and claimed themselves as direct rulers. When Kublai Khan established the Yuan dynasty, he applied a “split effect” in which he would separate the Mongols from the Chinese. Kublai banned intermarriage since he did not want the Mongols and Chinese people to mix. He also said that Chinese scholars were not permitted to learn Mongolian script, as well as the Chinese military remaining separate from the Mongolian military. Kham banned the civil services exams that were important for the Chinese bureaucracy leading to many foreigners staring to obtain higher positions in government while the Chinese were only given positions at the local levels. However, later the Mongols surrounded themselves ...
It can also be argued that the political activities of Chairman Mao’s Communist China were more of a continuation of traditional Imperial China, based heavily in Confucian values, than a new type of Marxist-Leninist China, based on the Soviet Union as an archetype. While it is unquestionable that a Marxist-Leninist political structure was present in China during this time, Confucian values remained to be reinforced through rituals and were a fundamental part of the Chinese Communist ...
...u wavered between an essentialist reduction of their nature to those aspects of it that the Chinese found particularly shameful and a more favorable appreciation of their intelligence and flexibility. Likewise, some Xiongnu customs, such as their preference of the young over the elderly, are depicted as simple reversals of Chinese customs. The description of the political organization of the Xiongnu, for example, gives an impression of efficient government rather than backward tyranny. In fact, its sophisticated combination of centralized control and decentralized administration seemed well suited to provoke the admiration of Sima Qian’s Chinese readers, many of whom were critical of the unwieldy governmental bureaucracy of the Han. His descriptions of the Xiongnu underlined the limits of the expansion of Han civilization in the steppe regions of northern Asia.
In this essay, I will look at the outpouring of thought, art and literature during the early empire. More so though, I will focus on what factors led to this renewed focus on culture in the early empire. It would seem that there were several factor which would lead to this renewed interest in culture in early China, but the most significant of these factors would be the re-establishment of a strong central government. This re-establishment of a strong central government laid the foundation for cultural growth. It brought with it prosperity to China, through improved infrastructure, such as the canals and graineries. As a result of these improvements, China flourished both economically, militarily and of course culturally. We first must look at some of the history of the centralization of China, which occurred, then was destroyed and then once more established. First by the Han Dynasty, then latter by the Sui and the T'ang
After the financial crisis, large countries, including China, faced a decline in foreign demand. China, as the world’s largest producer, faced dramatic production decrease during the 2008 recession. In addition to this, domestic slow down in construction, decline in real estate sales and investments, soaring prices and low domestic demand caused major trouble in China. The expectation of the market was very low, which led to domestic numbers to decrease faster than expected. Conversely, China saw bigger opportu...
By 1800, China’s Qing dynasty encountered several issues such as a growing population, peasant ...
Urbanization (or urbanisation) is the increasing number of people that live in urban areas. Urbanization has been the result of economic growth for most countries. In fact, every developed nation in the world has gone through urbanization and this is no news to Chinese leaders. To turn the nation of China from being a developing nation to a developed nation, China encouraged the migration of citizens from the countryside to move to large cities and fuel the industrializing nation. Though urbanization has been a process many countries have gone through, China’s urbanization plans are very distinct compared to western examples. The main reason for China’s urbanization distinctions is its sheer magnitude and pace. In this paper, we will review this mass migration, the economic growth, China’s environmental concerns (specifically air pollution) due the urbanization and the focus on industrialization, and we will briefly see China’s newest seven year urbanization plan.
When the new Chinese Government was set up in 1949, the new government faced a lot of problems. First on their agenda was how to re-build the country. As Communist Party of China (CPC) is a socialist party, their policies at the time were similar to that of the Soviet Union’s. Consequently, the CPC used a centrally planned strategy as its economic strategy when it first began. For a long time, the Chinese economy was a centrally planned economy in which none other than the state owned all companies. In fact, there were absolutely no entrepreneurs. As time went on, the problems of a centrally planned economy started to appear, such as low productivity, which was the key reason for restricting the development of China. With the population growing, the limitations of the centrally planned economy were clear. In 1978 China started its economic reform whose goal was to generate sufficient surplus value to finance the modernization of the Chinese economy. In the beginning, in the late 1970s and early 19...
The Warring States is the subject and title of Griffith’s third chapter, which gives an enlightening look at the life and times in China after the defeat of the rule of Chin at Ching Yang in 453. (p. 20) The country was divided into eight individual warring sects (with the exception of Yen...