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Aristophanes's Speech from Plato's Symposium
The Speech of Aristophanes
The Speech of Aristophanes
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Socrates stuns the Symposium when he tells how Diotima showed him that “Love is neither beautiful nor good,” thus contradicting the theme of all speeches before his (201E). Diotima’s logic begins by postulating that love is equivalent to desire. This statement is supported by Aristophanes’s speech in which he describes the origin of human nature.
Zeus split the spheres of the three original types of humans: male, female and androgynous; to form the two sexes. Ever since the division of spheres, each individual has been constantly searching for his or her other half. Sex was invented by Zeus to allow for reproduction and to allow productivity; simply put, so that people would “do it” and get on with their daily lives. However, the sex that Zeus introduced is not the vulgar or the lewd type of sex governed by Common Aphrodite (Eros) and Polyhymnia that is mentioned in Pausanias’s and Eryximachus’s respective speeches. Rather, Aristophanes does not define a vulgar species of love; all love and all sex is precipitated by the desire for two halves of a sphere to come together to make a whole, in attempt to return to their original state before Zeus’s punishment was cast down upon them. Aristophanes explains the creation of love and desire. “Love is born into every human being; it calls back the halves of our original nature together; it tries to make one out of two and heal the wound of human nature” (191D). Coincidentally, when another translation of Symposium is examined, the same passage reads: “so ancient is the desire of one another which is implanted in us, reuniting our original nature, making one of two, and healing the state of man” (Trans. Jowett).[1][1] Therefore, here is drawn the conne...
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2. If something is needed, that which needs it cannot already possess it.
3. So, if something is desired, that which desires it cannot already possess it.
4. Love is desire.
5. Love loves that which is good and beautiful.
6. So, Love desires that which is good and beautiful.
7. If Love desires the good and the beautiful, then it cannot possess the good and the beautiful.
8. Therefore, Love is neither good nor beautiful.
NOTE: Steps one and two were emitted or only grazed in essay due to space constraint, but can be referenced to 200B-201A.
Works Cited
Plato. Symposium. 360 B.C..Trans. Benjamin Jowett. n. pag. Online. Internet. 28 Jan. 1999. Available: http://classics.mit.edu/Plato/Symposium.html .
Plato. Symposium. Trans. Alexander Nehamas and Paul Woodruff. Cambridge: Hackett, 1989.[2][2]
Plato, and G. M. A. Grube. "Phaedo." Five Dialogues. Indianapolis, IN: Hackett Pub., 2002. 93-
Aristophanes thinks that a human’s love is clearly “a lack” – a lack of one’s other half- and having no meant to satisfy themselves they begin to die. Zeus, having failed to foresee this difficulty repairs the damage by inventing sexual reproduction (191 b-c). Any “embracements” of men with men or of women with women would of course be sterile – though the participants would at least “have some satiety of their union and a relief,” (191 c) and therefore would be able to carry on the work of the world. Sex, therefore, is at this stage a drive, and the object is defined only as human. Sexual preferences are to emerge only as the human gains experience, enabling them to discover what their “original form” had been.
Rehabilitation can come in many different forms wither it be GED classes, drug treatment, therapy, job training or mental health care. When the correctional system provides rehabilitation services for offenders the offenders are less likely to reoffend. An offender that cannot read or write is less likely to find employment therefore is more likely to commit crimes to support them self, if the offender receives rehabilitation services in prison or on probation is then able to get a job and less likely to commit further criminal offences. Drug offenders who receive rehabilitation treatment are less likely to commit more offences to feed their drug habits. Large amounts of offenders do not have support systems in place from family, community or peers. When the offenders enter the correctional rehabilitation programs they reconnect with family or join a community program that gives the offender a feeling of support. Criminals are criminals because they have committed crimes, but some offenders benefit from rehabilitation and some offenders are just flat out criminals. Having rehabilitation services in prisons are vital to ensure that the offenders are prepared to reenter society with job training skills, money management skills and a new outlook on
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Plato. The Works of Plato. Trans. Irwin Edman. New York : The Modern Library, 1983.
Marra, James L., Zelnick, Stephen C., and Mattson, Mark T. IH 51 Source Book: Plato, The Republic, pp. 77-106. Kendall/Hunt Publishing Company, Dubuque, Iowa, 1998.
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"Plato." The Norton Anthology of World Masterpieces, Volume I. 6th ed. NY: W.W. Norton and Co., 1992. 726-746.
Plato. The Dialogues of Plato. Trans. Benjamin Jowett. Great Books of the Western World. 54 vols. Chicago:Encyclopaedia Britannica 1952. Vol. 7.
1) Marra, James L., Zelnick, Stephen C., and Mattson, Mark T. IH 51 Source Book: Plato, The Republic, pp. 77-106
with some very different views of love as brought to us by Agathon, Phaedrus and
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