Incinerator and landfill are two options which are most commonly adopted for treating solid waste and both of them have attendant environmental problems. Incinerator is a waste treatment process by burning the waste while landfill is a waste treatment process by burying the waste. Both of the process are occurred under controlled condition. Landfills have become the most common way to organize waste disposal and remain so in many places around the world. Incineration is one of thermal treatment because it involves the use of high temperature waste treatment system. Both landfills and incinerators have been used widely in many countries in the world to treat the wastes. On account of the population growth and consumerism attitudes, there has …show more content…
Therefore, the modern incinerator and landfills have been introduced to include pollution mitigation equipment. In order to treat the leachates, modern landfill has got leachate collection and removing systems. Gas collection and gas recovery system are also used to manage the landfill gas. In addition, modern landfills also have final cover to prevent moisture from entering the finished landfill. To sum up, modern landfills will have a methane collection system, a liner system, a runoff collection system, a groundwater monitoring system, and after closure, a cap. Simultaneously, modern incinerators have been installed with pollution control devices such as filters to remove gas particulates, wet scrubbing system to remove acidic gas, De-NOx catalyst reactor with the help of catalyst to remove NOx in the flue gas. The treatment for water pollution and prevention in the noise pollution have also been practically done in modern incinerators. Bottom ash from incinerators can be used in other industry such as road building industry. These incinerators have also operated based on 3Ts (time, temperature, turbulence) to minimize the extent of dioxin formation and ensure the maximum extent of combustion. Moreover, modern incineration also allows the recovery of municipal solid waste by burning the solid waste in special combustion chambers, then use the heat energy to generate steam or electricity and this process has been proved to reduce the volume of municipal solid waste as 90%. In 1989, experts in an international Conference of Mayors in US concluded that a suitably equipped, operated and mantained energy recovery facility can operate with existing regulatory standards for human health and safety. Thus, those solid waste treatment system will be safe to environment as long as consisting of advance pollution control and proper
On August 6, 1945, the U.S. dropped the world’s first atomic bomb over Hiroshima. Three days later, a second bomb was dropped on Nagasaki. On August 15th, the Japan announced unconditional surrender in World War II. To this day historians still discuss why the U.S. decided to use the atomic bombs. Orthodox historians argue that the decision to drop the bombs was a military one designed purely to defeat the Japanese. Revisionist historians argue that the bombs were not needed to defeat Japan; the bombs were meant to shape the peace by intimidating the Soviets. After analyzing the documents in The Manhattan Project it has become clear that the U.S. used the bombs during WWII not only to defeat the Japanese, but also to intimidate the Soviet Union
Radioactive Waste One of the most talked about opposition to nuclear fission is the radioactive waste it produces. Radioactive waste is what is left behind after using a reactor to make electricity. There are two levels of waste, low and high, but both are regulated by the Department of Energy and the Nuclear Regulatory Commission. High level waste is made up of fuel that’s been used directly in the reactor, which is highly radioactive but can still be disposed of. Low-level waste is the contaminated items that have been exposed to radiation.
The gravity of the atomic bombings was not taken lightly by the nations surrounding Japan, but the United States refused to lose any more men in a long-winded assault; the enemy 's resolve was unmatched by American standards. Majerus states, "This firm resolution of the Imperial Army to fight out an all-or-nothing battle until virtually the very last man ultimately did not go unnoticed by US government officials." (5). Further proofs of these arguments were demonstrated by the Japanese when they deployed the kamikaze (suicide pilots) to Pearl Harbor. The raising question is, however, did decisional certainty regard any ulterior motive at the time considered to prevent the death of American troops, or had there been any considered possibilities within a peaceful resolution? This has sparked another theory among the nation 's scholars. Did the U.S. drop the bombs to save American lives, or to intimidate their rivaling ally, the Soviet Union? It was later revealed that the USSR was willing to help the United States in the assault of Japan. History teacher Brent Dyck states, "At the Potsdam Conference held in July 1945, Stalin told Truman that the Soviet Union was ready to help the United States and invade Japan on August 15."
Arson has been occurring for many years and about 500,000 fires are set intentionally each year. Arson is defined as any willful or malicious burning or attempt to burn, the property of another or cause physical harm to another. Fire data has been collected since 1977 by the National Fire Protection Agency (NFPA) and the amount of fires has been declining ever since. In the past few decades, there has come about a number of serial arsonists- an offender who sets three or more fires with a cooling-off period between the fires (Douglas, et al, 1992). There are numerous serial arsonists who have been caught, some of which include, Peter Dinsdale, Robert Lee Oyler, Thomas Sweatt, and Paul Keller. While the number of fires across the country have
The fact that the United States resolved to drop an atomic bomb over Hiroshima and Nagasaki, Japan shocked many people, including U.S. citizens. The U.S. chose a brutal weapon when choosing the atomic bomb, as proven by the thousands of deaths it caused. Today, some people still question the motives for such a ruthless choice of weaponry. The atomic bomb, however destructive and questionable, seemed to be the only way to ensure “unconditional surrender” of the Japanese. The atomic bomb was, in fact, “a clear step designated to force Japan’s unconditional surrender;” however, this statement fails to give attention to the larger picture that influenced the U.S.’s decision to use the atomic bomb. By using the atomic bomb before any other nation
Atomic bombs were used against Japan in order to end the war as quickly as possible, with minimal amounts of American casualties. The United States had decided that they will only accept an unconditional surrender from the Japanese. The use of the atomic bombs was hoped to push the Japanese the last bit to get them to surrender to the U.S. 's terms.
As nuclear fission became a reality during World War II, the world became entrenched in a race to build and detonate the first atomic weapon. This led to the development of the Manhattan Project, in which the United States constructed the first atomic weapon. On August 6th and 9th of 1945, atomic bombs were detonated over both Hiroshima and Nagasaki Japan respectively. Although the dropping of atomic bombs had led to the end of World War II, it was unethical for the United States to detonate them over the citizens of Japan due to the adverse effects it had brought upon the international community.
Is there a difference between someone with a terminal illness and someone that has to die under the law? Carlos Musso, a doctor who participated in state of Georgia 's execution through lethal injection, says “A death penalty patient is no different from a patient dying of cancer- except his cancer is a court order.” The underlying results is death, and Carlos Musso ethnically believes, “When we have a patients who can no longer survive his illness, we as physicians must ensure he has comfort.”, which seems to fit the idea of AMA’s standards that physicians are “healers” in the aspect of relieving a patient’s suffering. The 8th amendment supports that lethal injection is a less punishing form of execution and require doctors to carry out a this more healing procedure. However, the American Medical Association (AMA) has set one standard that bans “a physician from participating in any legally authorized execution.”, which ultimately encourages physicians to leave possible
In today’s society there are many issues surrounding the topic of torture. There are two sides to this argument. One side would be that torture should never be used, the other side would be that torture should be used if it is absolutely necessary. Many times when torture is used it is used to get information out of an individual. On many occasions people hear of torture being used on terrorists that have been captured. Torture is also used on Soldiers that have been captured during war. During times of war torture is often used by both sides to gain an advantage over the other side. The use of torture is a widely debated topic in today’s world.
Waste incineration units produce a lot of carbon dioxide gas approximately around one third of the greenhouse gasses. It also impacts people’s health as they get exposed to the toxic emissions by breathing in the air or consuming contaminated food and water. Additionally, when the garbage gets burnt by the incinerators they end up as ashes which are then emitted from the chimneys, including the toxic materials and end up in specialist landfill sites for hazardous waste.
Burning waste is not good at all for human health. It’s disturbing smell cause by burning plastic, rubber and some other artificial object can cause lot of trouble...
What is a landfill? The definition of a landfill is a place that is used for the disposal of waste material that is then buried and covered by soil. There are two main explanations on why the reduction of landfills are important. One of the main reason why it is important to recycle so to reduce the number of landfills is because when materials are compacted, the oxygen is removed. This is not a splendid thing because the lack of oxygen causes the material to decompose incorrectly, which leads to a more deadly greenhouse gases being released into the atmosphere, intern causing air pollution. The second reason why is the toxic substances that get drown away and ends up in landfills. Over time, as the toxic items get decomposed, they can get into the soil and/or groundwater that is underneath it. Landfills alone have the capability to fabricate air, ground, and water pollution. You have the ability to stop all of that pollution if you do the right action. If you start recycling, it would mean that less landfill will have to be created so that the trach can be taking care of. This why you should consider recycling instead of throwing away
Policy is needed to regulate which course of action should be taken and how it should be implemented. Because of this, many plans and policies revolving around the management of solid waste have been put in place. Sometimes however, a particular policy can have its shortfalls, potentially resulting in its negative aspects outweighing the positive ones. According to the Conference Board of Canada Report, “Canadians dispose of more municipal solid waste per capita than any other country” (2013). Solid waste management in particular, involves many aspects, ranging from packaging waste, food waste, etc. (White & Franke 1999), hence, the following analysis revolves around household and commercial waste – referred to as Municipal Solid Waste (White & Franke. 1999) – in the Greater Vancouver Regional District. Municipal waste is a major health and environmental concern as it contributes to numerous problems like habitat destruction, surface groundwater pollution, and other forms of air, soil, and water contamination. Waste disposal methods like incineration create toxic substances, and landfills emit methane, which contributes to global warming. According to the Zero Waste Objective Report, “The impact of climate change and the increasing awareness of the role of “waste” and “wasting” in the production of greenhouse gas emissions is a constant environmental pressure… (2009). This leads to an increasing limitation of government to prevent and control the volume and toxicity of products in the waste stream and a growing need to shift responsibility to the product manufacturer.
Traditional methods of waste disposal have proven to be ineffective and have caused harmful effects on the environment. The most popular and inexpensive way to get rid of garbage is burial, but burying your problems does not necessarily mean getting rid of them. Landfill sites pose as severe ecological threats as these mass garbage dump yards overflow with trash and frequently contaminate our air, soil and water with hazardous wastes. About 400 million tons of hazardous wastes are generated each year1. A large-scale release of these materials can cause thousands of deaths and may poison the environment for many years. For example many industrial companies around the world cannot afford to enforce the strict pollution regulations set by many developed countries. This usually forces these types of companies to move to developing countries where pollution regulations are very lenient. These developing countries knowingly accept environmentally hazardous companies usually because they are in desperate need of employment. The harmful effects of these companies were clearly illustrated in the 1960s and 1970s when residents living near Minamata Bay, Japan, developed nervous disorders, tremors, and paralysis in a mysterious epidemic. The root was later found to be a local industry that had released mercury, a highly toxic element, into Minamata Bay. The disaster had claimed the lives of 400 people1. Since 1970 you can bet that a lot more than 400 people have died as a result of waste disposal. If the type of waste disposal were cheaper and effective we wouldn’t have to deal with waste problems, which still plague mankind today.
The United States produces “about 8.25 billion tons of solid wastes each year” (Russell 1). People do not realize the impact they have on our planet and environment. When people throw anything in the trashcan, they are contributing to the destruction of our planet. The number landfills in the United States are decreasing, but the amount and volume of waste being thrown into the new landfills is increasing (Russell 4). Because of this escalating amount of garbage, Methane which contributes to global warming is an outcome of these landfills (Russell 7). As a result, our planet is suffering because of this epidemic. The garbage being put in the landfills could be recycled, but not enough businesses, ...