The Pros And Cons Of Genetic Screening
explanatory Essay
987 words
In today’s scientific world the use of fetal genetic screening unethical has it peaks and valley, Genetic testing has come a long way. Genetic Screening allows doctors to see the chances of the fetus growing a certain genetic conditions and Diagnostic screening is to see a certain type of certain conditions. There is a few test that can be done one of them is prenatal screening, usually done in the first trimester which is the first stage of the Integrated screening are performed, 10 to 13 weeks of pregnancy by an ultrasound. The ultrasound will display the fetus age, measure fetus body, (neck, head, back, skin). There is three blood test that can be done in order to calculate the two level of a substance in the blood called pregnancy-associated …show more content…
In this essay, the author
- Explains that fetal screening affects 1% risk of a miscarriage, which can increase the abortions percentage. some parents don't agree with it, saying it will change human procreation.
- Opines that the benefits outweigh the consequences of bringing a helpless child into this world.
- Narrates how they terminated their pregnancy at 18 weeks, knowing they could not afford to be in and out of hospital with a newborn baby if they ever made it home alive.
- Explains that genetic testing has come a long way in today's scientific world. genetic screening allows doctors to see the chances of the fetus growing certain genetic conditions.
- Opines that screening early is a blessing in hoped to discover any disorders and be able to find treatment quickly. many parents don't want to carry their child and have him suffer in the real world.
To me, the benefits far outweigh the consequences of bringing a helpless child who may face a serious and fatal destiny into this world.Certainly, these problems address the need for ethical and legal standards. A parent pray for the perfect baby is well on its way. While we must support the freedom of choice, we must decide what is best for society as a whole. Until I and doctors can prevent with successful treatments, I believe testing is necessary. I will never be able to sleep at night knowing my child is being bully or is getting taken advantage because of his or hers circumstance. As a mother, I will do anything and everything in order to have a healthy baby to welcome to this cruel world. When I was sixteen I was expecting a child, and doctors gave me the option to terminate my pregnancy. As young as I was I knew I had to do my research about the condition that my baby had called Trisomy 18 or also known as Edwards syndrome, is a condition which is caused by an error in cell division, known as meiotic disjunction .’Using Metropolitan Atlanta Congenital Defects Program, we identified 70 liveborn infants with trisomy 13 and 114 liveborn infants with trisomy 18. Median survival time was 7 days (95% confidence interval [CI]: 3–15) for people with trisomy 13 and 14.5 days (95% CI: 8–28) for people with trisomy 18. For each condition, 91% of infants died within the first year. Neither race nor gender
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- The Pros of Prenatal Genetic Testingopinion essayThe Pros of Prenatal Genetic Testing Many medical advances are being made today in the area of genetics. One of the most talked about is prenatal genetic testing. The purpose of prenatal genetic testing is to obtain information on a baby's health before they are born. This new technology will definitely improve the quality of human life. Diseases will be diminished and through new advances some diseases might even be eliminated.
In this essay, the author
- Opines that prenatal genetic testing will improve the quality of human life by obtaining information on a baby's health before they are born.
- Explains that many people have a negative outlook on prenatal genetic testing because they are not educated on the goals and actual applications of the technology.
- Explains the medical advances being made feasible by genetic testing. understanding genes in the developing human will help doctors understand the nature of genetic diseases and may lead to countless other medical breakthroughs.
- Opines that prenatal genetic testing is to improve life through good health.
- Opines that prenatal genetic testing will also benefit society as a whole. if there are less people born with health problems the cost of health care will be lower.
- Opines that prenatal genetic testing can positively impact life, and that medical advances that are discovered and made possible will definitely improve life.
468 wordsRead More - Genetic Testinganalytical essayGenetic Testing The technologies available to aid in diagnosing genetic diseases and disorders have developed extraordinarily over the years. As a result, one topic up for discussion is how the technology should be used in the realm of diagnosing children before birth, mainly, using it to selectively screen embryos for genetic diseases. Leon Kass is one author who opposes genetic testing. He provides two main reasons why he feels it is morally wrong to use genetic screening on unborn children.
In this essay, the author
- Opines that those affected with down's syndrome will suffer tremendously, including socially and emotionally. it is a chromosomal abnormality that results from faulty eggs or sperm.
- Argues that kass's second point is that we easily slide from possession to identity when we describe an individual, but he is wrong about the reasons behind it.
- Analyzes leon kass' persuasive argument against genetic testing. he provides examples of how those suffering from genetic diseases are later selected against will suffer significant emotional distress and social alienation.
- Explains that leon kass opposes the use of genetic screening on unborn children.
- Analyzes how kass believes genetic testing is morally wrong. he believes that children born with a genetic disorder will be treated differently by their parents and others.
1262 wordsRead More - Genetic Testing or Genetic Screeningopinion essayGenetic testing, also known as screening, is a rapidly advancing new scientific field that can potentially revolutionize not only the world of medicine, but many aspects of our lives. Genetic screening is the sequencing of human DNA in order to discover genetic differences, anomalies, or mutations that may prove pathological. As genetic screening becomes more advanced and easily accessible, it presents society with difficult questions that must be asked about the boundaries of science and to what degree we are allowed to tamper with the human genome. To better understand the potential impact of genetic screening on our society, we must examine the potential benefits in comparison to the possible negative impact it may cause. With this knowledge in hand, we can examine what the future holds for this field of study and the best possible direction to take.
In this essay, the author
- Argues that genetic screening has many revolutionary applications, but personalized medicine is the most significant.
- Opines that genetic screening could have serious unintended consequences for the public, allowing insurers and employers to use that information to deny coverage and benefits.
- Opines that progress is inevitable and research into the human genome will most likely continue.
- Opines that legalizing over-the-counter genetic testing would provide solutions to some of the problems facing the field of study.
- Opines that genetic screening should be allowed to continue but only under heavy scrutiny from regulating bodies.
- Explains that genetic testing, also known as screening, is a rapidly advancing scientific field that can potentially revolutionize not only the world of medicine, but many aspects of our lives.
- Cites coughlin, s.s., and weeks, c. (2002). future challenges for research on diagnostic tests: genetic tests and disease prevention.
1504 wordsRead More - Persuasive Essay On Genetic Testingexplanatory essayIn recent years, genetic testing has become a popular topic in the media. Usually involving cheek swabs, blood samples, or amniotic fluid samples, the procedure is relatively simple and can help diagnose genetic disorders, determine ideal medication types, or simply determine the patient’s heritage. It has saved many lives from cancer and other afflictions, but to say that genetic testing is always the correct choice is false. There are many issues with the tests, considering that they are new to the medical world. Genetic testing is mostly harmful because of privacy concerns, how underdeveloped it is, and the risk of it pushing a mother to abort her child.
In this essay, the author
- Explains that genetic testing has saved many lives from cancer and other afflictions, but to say that it is always the correct choice is false. genetic testing is harmful because of privacy concerns, how underdeveloped, and the risk of pushing a mother to abort her child.
- Explains that until the genetic nondiscrimination act (gina) was passed in 2008, employers could deny people jobs and insurance companies could raise rates solely based on a person’s genetic makeup.
- Opines that genetic testing is too widely available, and until there are more restrictions it is probably best to not get tested.
- Explains that dna testing has only been around since the mid-1980’s, so it is still underdeveloped.
- Explains that genetic testing is the most well-known use for finding disorders in a fetus. it seems strange that people rely on tests like this before they even see the child and can know for sure if they have any disorders.
- Opines that taking a genetic test is risky and that companies can publicise or use the results against the patient, even though this is illegal.
740 wordsRead More - Prenatal Genetic Tests: The Future of Procreationopinion essayThere are three different types of preimplantation genetic testing, including prenatal testing, predictive testing and preimplantation genetic diagnosis. Prenatal testing is defined as testing a baby’s genes for any mutations that may result in a genet...
In this essay, the author
- Argues that preimplantation genetic diagnosis and prenatal engineering are viable options for preventing genetic diseases in embryos because they are safe, ethical, and beneficial to advancing society.
- Explains the three types of preimplantation genetic testing. prenatal testing is defined as testing a baby’s genes for any mutations that may result in genetic disease while it is in the embryonic stage.
- Explains that genetic testing is not a new technology to modern medicine. some states currently test infants for phenylketonuria.
- Explains that the human genome project was the largest single genetic project ever as it took on calculating what every gene in the human body was capable of determining in physical presence, mental capabilities, or bodily functions.
- Explains that genetic testing has become a controversial topic in the media, revolving around misconceptions about the technology.
- Explains the morality of prenatal engineering, which involves fertilizing a female's egg with male sperm and waiting for the cells to divide and multiply.
- Opines that scientists aren't aborting a fetus during the second trimester, they are simply preventing an egg with genetic disease from gestating.
- Opines that preimplantation genetic diagnosis would eliminate the doubt of parents having a baby with defective genes.
- Explains that preimplantation genetic diagnosis isn't a procedure that doctors are able to do to every pregnant mother because it requires informed consent.
- Opines that informed consent is an important part of modern medicine and would be vital with the introduction and practice of preimplantation genetic diagnosis.
- Explains that cystic fibrosis is a complex, multisystem, hereditary disorder affecting the exocrine glands causing an abnormally thick mucus, leading to the blockage of the lungs and pancreas.
- Explains that tay-sachs disease is a disorder that results in accumulation of enzymes in brain and cardiac tissue.
- Explains the carrier probability and risk of having an affected child when there is a family history of an autosomal recessive disorder.
- Explains that to calculate the possibility that a child will be affected with an autosomal recessive disorder, multiply the carrier probability for each individual first, then multiply by 1/4.
- Explains that the ogod theory states one gene, one disease, which clarifies a lot of science because many other diseases result from multiple mutations on different genes.
- Explains that preimplantation genetic diagnosis should be a widespread practice in hospitals around the world.
- Opines that preimplantation genetic testing will be effective in preventing genetic diseases. there are laboratories around the united states that provide several types of genetic tests.
- Opines that preimplantation genetic diagnosis is the future of having babies, since society faces thousands of deaths due to genetic diseases per year.
- Opines that preimplantation genetic diagnosis would save money for both the parents and the health insurance companies.
- Opines that genetic testing is safe for the mother because samples aren't taken from her body.
- Argues that preimplantation genetic diagnosis and prenatal engineering are viable options for preventing genetic diseases in embryos because they are ethical and beneficial to advancing society.
- Cites a brief primer on genetic testing and all about the human genome project (hgp).
- Explains barlow-stewart, kristine, "preimplantation genetic diagnosis."centre for genetic diagnostics. 15 may 2007.
- Explains how genetic testing is done.
- Explains that genetics and public health in the 21st century uses genetic information to improve health and prevent disease.
- Analyzes robert klitzman's "is genetic testing humans playing god?" on cnn.
- Explains that mortality associated with congenital heart defects in the united states.
2639 wordsRead More - The Ethical Implications of Genetic Screening and Testing: Arguments For and Againstanalytical essayGiven advancements in technology and medicine, genetic screening and testing is becoming more commonplace in our society. The National Human Genome Research Institute (NHGRI) defines genetic screening as “a search in a population for persons possessing certain genotypes that (1) are already associated with disease or predispose to disease, (2) may lead to disease in their descendants, or (3) produce other variations not known to be associated with disease” (NHGRI, 2005). The term genetic testing is similar, but differs in that it only targets those individuals believed to be at high risk for a genetic disease. For example, testing an asymptomatic person in a family with relatives affected with the condition would constitute genetic testing (NHGRI, 2005). For the purpose of this paper, the two terms will be used interchangeably. Given the growing number of genetic tests available for identifying genetic diseases, it is important to examine the ethical implications of genetic screening as well as the arguments for and against this practice.
In this essay, the author
- Argues that direct-to-consumer (dtc) companies have a moral and ethical responsibility to educate parents about the risks of testing their children and discourage the testing of minors for rare genetic traits.
- Argues that genetic testing has the potential to lower morbidity and mortality through early disease detection and targeted surveillance and prevention strategies.
- Analyzes the ethical implications of genetic screening and the arguments for and against it.
- Summarizes the findings of heshka, palleschi, howley, wilson & wells' systematic review on the psychological and behavioral impacts of genetic testing.
- Analyzes julian savulescu's chapter entitled "genetic interventions and the ethics of enhancement of human beings".
- Explains the centre for genetics education's ethical and policy issues in genetic testing and screening of children.
1911 wordsRead More - Newborn Genetic Screeningexplanatory essayThe purpose of newborn genetic screening is to screen newborns for potential health concerns. Newborn genetic screening started in 1965 with the testing of one disorder, phenylketonuria (WDHS). Since then, newborn genetic screening has evolved and over 4 million newborns are screened in the U.S. every year (CCHC Report). Currently, in the state of Wisconsin, there are 47 different disorders that are tested for (WDHS).
In this essay, the author
- Explains that newborn genetic screening started in 1965 with the testing of one disorder, phenylketonuria. since then, over 4 million newborns are screened in the u.s. every year.
- Explains that wisconsin law requires newborn screening before leaving the hospital. the screening costs $69.50 but is covered by most health insurances.
- Explains that sickle cell anemia is present in one out of every two african americans. it is passed down through families and makes red blood cells form in a crescent shape.
- Opines that newborn genetic screening positively affects the community, but there are also negative benefits that raise questions about the ethics involved in genetic testing.
- Explains that the psychological and financial strain on newborns and their families are two of the negative benefits of newborn genetic screening. the psychological burden put on a family after receiving devastating news about their newborn could cause stress, anxiety, guilt, and impaired self esteem.
- Explains the negative benefit of newborn genetic screening, which is the reliability of the process.
- Explains that while the negative benefits of newborn genetic screening may seem severe, there are ways to combat them. they believe it is ethical to require that infants be tested for genetic disorders.
- Cites the american academy of pediatrics committee on bioethics and genetic testing.
- Explains the wisconsin department of health services' "children and youth with special health care needs program newborn screening" and "sickle cell anemia".
795 wordsRead More - The Controversial Topic of Genetic Testingexplanatory essayGenetic testing has become a highly controversial issue among both the general population and the scientific community. It is a process that exposes a person’s entire genome sequence, allowing it to be read and evaluated to identify potential risks for genetic diseases or diseases that could be passed onto offspring (Holt Productions, 2012). With thousands of genetic tests already being used, and more being established, it seems logical to put this growing technology to use. Some agree that it is a person’s right to know and understand his or her genetic makeup. However, others argue that, despite the benefits of genetic testing, caution should be used to carefully inspect the risks associated with this new technology.
In this essay, the author
- Describes the guidelines for diagnosis of cystic fibrosis in newborns through older adults.
- Describes holt productions, nova, and pbs home video's cracking your genetic code.
- Explains the national library of medicine's genetics home reference. what is genetic testing?
- Explains that genetic testing has become a highly controversial issue among both the general population and the scientific community.
1033 wordsRead More - The Genetic Screening Debatecomparative essayThe Genetic Screening Debate Within the past thirty years, researchers have found strong evidence linking genes and disease. The development of predictive genetic tests followed shortly after the isolation of certain candidate genes. Although predictive genetic screening is only available for a handful of diseases, its effects and ramifications have become hotly debated issues in a wide range of areas, from government to religion. The debate began in the 1993 when researchers isolated the BRCA1 gene, which is associated with increased risk of developing breast and ovarian cancer.
In this essay, the author
- Explains that proponents believe that people from high-risk families can gain many benefits from knowing whether or not they carry a genetic mutation.
- Describes the biology of genetic testing, and then discusses the pros and cons of it.
- Concludes that genetic tests do not provide definitive results and therefore should not be used.
- Explains that genetic testing for cancer is here, whether we need it or not.
1835 wordsRead More - Genetic Screening: A Case Study Summarycomparative essayNatalia is a 33yo G4 P1112 who was seen for an ultrasound evaluation and consultation. The patient is interested in genetic screening. She has a history of opiate use disorder and has been using 20 mg of methadone every other day taken from the streets, per her report. She reportedly has anxiety and depression and has been told that she has bipolar disorder in the past. She also does have a history of a previous 32-week preterm delivery with premature rupture of the membranes, though she gave that baby up for adoption. The baby did stay in the NICU for about 2 weeks. She also has a history of having GDM in that pregnancy with HTN in both previous deliveries in 2011 and 2013. In addition, based on her height and weight at the start of the pregnancy, her BMI was 37.
In this essay, the author
- Describes natalia, a 33-year-old g4 p1112, who was seen for an ultrasound evaluation and consultation. she has opiate use disorder, anxiety, depression, and bipolar disorder.
- Explains that the patient stopped using gabapentin, depakote, hydroxyzine and lamictal in december. she also had mrsa in an infection on her left arm treated in april 2017.
- Explains that the fetal heart rate is unusual, in that it runs at about 70 bpm but there are episodes of bigeminy with it. the ductal flow was normal but due to position the nasal bone could not be adequately assessed.
- Recommends that the patient undergo noninvasive prenatal testing (nipt) rather than the fts since there is an increased risk for aneuploidy.
478 wordsRead More