Creativity and expressionism of oneself beyond verbal means has been growing in popularity in the art world. Today, well establish and famous artists like Kara Walker and Ann Hamilton express whimsical and interactive installation pieces that challenge the viewer’s perceptions and participation. Trauma, as well, can take the episodic reality of it’s viewer and challenge their perceptions and participation of the world around them. One may stir the question if art, and the art making process, can be a beneficial form of therapy treatment within adults who have clinically diagnosed trauma. The authors, Schouten, Niet, Knipscheer, Kleber, and Hutschmaekers explore this question in their article systematic review on previous research on Art Therapy For limitations, articles pertaining to search words like “trauma,” “treatment goals,” and “art therapy,” resulted in about 700 studies where available. Out of those, three were acceptable to the authors credentials and method of measurement. Three more studies were pulled from Google Scholar where one included an un-published article. Even with the authors tough credentials, only two studies met 6 out of 9-item Delphi list, which limits their credibility for future results and strength for presented significance. Also the articles had a broad variation of treatment and art. Some had art therapy in combination with psychotherapy, others had solely art therapy (mandala drawing), and group therapy. This made it unclear to the reader whether art therapy can solely be an effective form of treatment with trauma symptoms. Definition of trauma, in specific PTSD, may be lacking in clear definition or is outdated from previous DSM-5 revisions. For instance, the beginning of the article stated that PTSD was part of anxiety disorders rather than their own diagnostic category of trauma and stress related disorders newly stated in the DSM-5 (Schouten et al., 2015) (Ruglass & Kendall-Tackett, 2014). Especially if the article was published in 2015, outdated diagnosis criteria and citations are lazy errors that question authors comprehension of selected studies! It’s possible that the studies selected in the review might’ve used the DSM-3 or 4 diagnostic criteria of PTSD, but further investigation is needed and acknowledgment from the authors should’ve be stated. In strength, population samples, in relation to type of trauma, had undergraduate students with PTSD, traumatized incarcerated women, PTSD participants, and PTSD from sexual assaults (Schouten et al., 2015). A broader range of participants can encourage art therapy treatments in various programs rather than specific sub-types of
People from all around the world suffer from many different anxieties and troubles. They turn to things they enjoy so that they can forget reality and be somewhat happy or simply to communicate with one another. Most of the enjoyment is temporary and not sufficient, that is why they continue doing what they do. Creative Arts Therapy, also known as Expressive Arts Therapy, helps those who find themselves completely lost and have nowhere to go or anyone to go to. They can express themselves however they please. In order to better understand arts therapy one must have a knowledge of creativity, emotions and, of course, people.
The investigators sought out potential subjects through referrals from psychiatric hospitals, counseling centers, and psychotherapists. All potential subjects were screened with a scripted interview and if they met all the inclusion criteria they met with an investigator who administered the Clinical-Administered PTSD Scale(CAPS) to provide an accurate diagnosis. In the end the study ended up with 12 subject, 10 females and 2 males with a mean age of 41.4, that met the criteria for PTSD with treatment resistant symptoms, which were shown with a CAPS score of greater than or equal to 50.
Drawings and other self-generated forms of visual art produced by people suffering from mental illness sparked the interest of psychiatrists around the end of the 19th century. They were considered “outpourings of the mind in turmoil” (Rubin 6). Fascinated by these samples of artwork, psychiatrists began to study them in an attempt to better understand the creator and the illness. Art therapy is a fluid, adaptable and evolving field. Today art therapists employ a variety of methods and work in a variety of rehabilitation settings, but the focus of this paper is the use and benefits of visual art therapy in correctional settings. Unfortunately, there has been little research to measure the effectiveness of art therapy in prison. Researchers are still in the early stages of understanding what art therapy does, how it does this, and why it is effective. Through art therapy programs, prisoners are able to more fully come to know themselves and are therefore fore able to authentically participate in life and community as well as develop an ongoing motivation towards recovery.
The article under review is Posttraumatic Stress Disorder in the DSM-5: Controversy, Change, and Conceptual Considerations by Anushka Pai, Alina M. Suris, and Carol S. North in Behavioral Sciences. Posttraumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD) is a mental health problem that some people develop after experiencing or witnessing a life-threatening event, like combat, a natural disaster, a car accident, or sexual assault (U.S. Department VA, 2007). PTSD can happen to anyone and many factors can increase the possibility of developing PTSD that are not under the person’s own control. Symptoms of PTSD usually will start soon after the traumatic event but may not appear for months or years later. There are four types of symptoms of PTSD but may show in different
Posttraumatic Stress Disorder is defined by our book, Abnormal Psychology, as “an extreme response to a severe stressor, including increased anxiety, avoidance of stimuli associated with the trauma, and symptoms of increased arousal.” In the diagnosis of PTSD, a person must have experienced an serious trauma; including “actual or threatened death, serious injury, or sexual violation.” In the DSM-5, symptoms for PTSD are grouped in four categories. First being intrusively reexperiencing the traumatic event. The person may have recurring memories of the event and may be intensely upset by reminders of the event. Secondly, avoidance of stimuli associated with the event, either internally or externally. Third, signs of mood and cognitive change after the trauma. This includes blaming the self or others for the event and feeling detached from others. The last category is symptoms of increased arousal and reactivity. The person may experience self-destructive behavior and sleep disturbance. The person must have 1 symptom from the first category, 1 from the second, at least 2 from the third, and at least 2 from the fourth. The symptoms began or worsened after the trauma(s) and continued for at least one
I then came across the practice of art therapy. As a child, I've had a love for drawing and art, and I never really grew out of it. I saw art therapy as a wonderful opportunity for me since I found this both an enjoyable and useful study. I became interested in art therapy because it serves as a creative outlet for me to help people by applying what I love for them. I believe art therapy can help troubling patients because it connects with troubling patients at
What made the final decision for the career you chose for yourself? Is it something you are passionate about doing? Was it the money? Well what if you could take an assessment test of your skills and see what career would be best for you? You don’t want to be stuck doing a job that you do not enjoy because you thought it paid well. After exploring two very different careers, it was interesting to see what I found. A Business Executive and an art therapist have very little in common.
My vision of Art Therapy was very vague. I always thought art therapy was a form of therapy for distressed or abused children trying to tell a story through pictures or drawings. The American Art Therapy Association defines art therapy as a mental health profession that uses the creative process of art making to improve and enhance the physical, mental, and emotional well being of individuals of all ages. Art therapy is a form psychotherapy that has been practiced for over sixty years and it has been promoted as a means of helping people who find it difficult to express themselves verbally (Crawford, et al., 2010). Art therapy sessions usually start with a form of relaxation such as deep breathing , progressive muscle relaxation, or setting an intention for the session ahead (Hart, 2010). Art therapy is used for several different types of people with diverse illnesses such as: Autism Spectrum Disorder, people living with HIV/AIDS, mental disorders and even Cancer. Studies show that art therapy can lead to increased self awareness of self, as well as improved ability to cope with symptoms, stress, and traumatic experiences (American Art Therapy Association). This form of therapy helps these patients express positive feelings that may not be easy to access in the midst of a fear provoking experience (Hart, 2010). Art therapy help people to identify their feelings, and resolve the issues associated with their illness. Although, my lack of knowledge on this therapeu...
..., Indregard, T., Stormyren, S. D., & Wentzel-Larsen, T. (2014). A randomized effectiveness study comparing trauma-focused cognitive behavioral therapy with therapy as usual for youth. Journal of Clinical Child and Adolescent Psychology, 43(3), 356-369.
Kramer, Edith. “The Art Therapists Third Hand: Reflections on Art, Art Therapy, and Society at Large.” American Journal of Art Therapy Feb. 1986: 71-86.
This course has highlighted many attributes and challenges within psychology and its many subfields. Within the weekly research of the psychological subfields I was able to learn the impact of education and its effect on the psychological profession. Along with the applied aspect of psychology listening to the online resource psychfiles, I have uncovered information that has solidified my goal of becoming an art therapist Masters degree. My focus will always be to provide mental health assistance to veterans as that is where my satisfaction and reward will fill in for the low entry-level salary.
Art therapy began as a natural extension of Freud’s groundbreaking psychoanalytic theories at the turn of the last century. Psychiatrists discovered that visual arts could be used as a tool of assessment, and by the 1940s art was being used not only for assessment, but also in therapeutic applications (Junge, 2010). Two main branches evolved from these early years: art as therapy and art psychotherapy.
Trauma, as defined by the American Psychological Association, is an emotional response to a terrible event like an accident, rape or natural disaster. In order to process and overcome a traumatic experience, most seek a therapist. This is especially true for individuals who have dealt with childhood sexual abuse. There are different types of therapy and therapists that exist that individuals go to. Art therapy is a kind of psychotherapy that uses art as it’s main technique of communications in order to improve the emotional and mental well being of the patients. It combines the areas of human development, visual art such as drawing, sculpture, painting and other kinds of art and the artistic process with counseling and psychotherapy.
Art can benefit the unhealthy as well. With 34,000 soldiers coming back from Afghanistan as proposed by Barack Obama, there are many who consequently have mental disabilities or post-traumatic stress disorder. To cope with depression, or other symptoms, many doctors have used art programs...