Addictions, whether they be alcohol, drugs or even gambling have long been viewed as a badge of ignominy for those that have been plagued by it. Factors such as biological, social and psychological are all considered to be influential in the causation and intensification of addictive behaviors. However, even though these components of the biopsychosocial model are communicated, there are still negative societal perspectives when it concerns the realm of addiction. When it concerns the outlook of society on those that have addictive behaviors and the influence it has on our own personal ideas about the condition, the findings are apparent upon observation and personal exploration. In fact, when comparing between addiction to drugs and mental …show more content…
No doubt the physical aspects of human biology do play a big role in addictive behaviors. For example, in Christian circles you may hear terminology like “battling the flesh” or “crucify the flesh daily”, but I believe that since we are also spiritual beings made up of body, soul and spirit, we also have to consider spiritual possibilities-and even demonic entities. In fact, the Bible warns us that “…we wrestle not against flesh and blood, but against principalities, against powers, against the rulers of the darkness of this world, against spiritual wickedness in high places” (Ephesians 6:12, King James Version). Concerning the psychological aspects of addictive behavior, we can’t help but consider the number of people going in for mental health treatment and turning to drugs to be able to cope with and escape from “life’s problems”. Some time ago, my pastor brought up an interesting point that people are stressed out these days and have to deal with so much mental pressure, that it’s no wonder they are turning to anything for relief. However, in my experience, relief only comes through a close relationship with Jesus through prayer, fellowship and reading the Bible. Furthermore, the social impacts of the psychosocial model also seem to further influence a person’s behavior in turning from a depressed reality to a form of escape that will mitigate the pain and shattered promise of expectation far greater than their current level of socioeconomic status. As a Christian, my response is to engage in the activity of reconciliation when dealing with someone who is demonstrating addictive behavior. This involves exuding the fruits of the Holy Spirit with are “love, joy, peace, patience, kindness,
In this paper I will be comparing and contrasting the Psychoanalytic formulations of addiction and the Cognitive models of addiction. According to Dennis L. Thombs, “people tend to get psychoanalysis and psychotherapy mixed up. Psychotherapy is a more general term describing professional services aimed at helping individuals or groups overcome emotional, behavioral or relationship problem” (119). According to Thombs and Osborn, “Cognitive refers to the covert mental process that are described by a number of diverse terms, including thinking, self-talk, internal dialogue, expectations , beliefs, schemas and so much more” (160). I believe these two factors play a major part in an individual’s life that has an addiction.
George F. Koob defines addiction as a compulsion to take a drug without control over the intake and a chronic relapse disorder (1). The Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders of the American Psychiatric Association defined "substance dependence" as a syndrome basically equivalent to addiction, and the diagnostic criteria used to describe the symptoms of substance dependence to a large extent define compulsion and loss of control of drug intake (1). Considering drug addiction as a disorder implies that there are some biological factors as well as social factors.
Many people dislike the term ‘addiction’ in relation to drugs or other substances, particularly as it infers that a person is powerless over their use of a particular drug or in some circumstances, a number of substances. Whilst others maintain it is this powerlessness that is the foundation of diagnosis and treatment – that treatment is not possible without recognition of addiction itself as the ‘problem’ being addressed. The professional and public perception of addiction is complicated. There are many approaches and models to explain addiction, the role of the addict, and their environment. This essay will compare and contrast two of these approaches, the medical/disease and the social model. Initially this essay will describe the origins of each model, and follow by explaining their respective strengths and weaknesses, and finish with an overview of the key differences between them. This essay will conclude by demonstrating that a holistic approach, and a cross-pollination of these models is the most successful approach to treating addicts. As is the case for all diseases, there are multiple treatment options, and as ever person is different, the results in each individual cannot be predicted.
It is not uncommon to view drug addiction as a problem that is created and maintained by the drug addicts. Most of
Before giving a broad overview on the definition of the Biopsychosocial (BPS) Model of Addiction, it must be understood that there is no simple unified theory of addiction that is universally accepted in the health world. This makes the definition of the BPS Model of Addiction not just a simple, one to two sentence definition of what this is, but rather a description of the components within the BPS model of addiction. In a broad sense, this model takes the stand that biological, psychological, and social aspects all contribute to the understanding of addiction. In short, the BPS model of addiction is an attempt to further explain addiction – how it occurs, and how it is maintained. Below is an image (Basic Representation of the BPS Model, 2017) representing this model
Addiction /ə-ˈdik-shən, a-/ noun 1. A strong and harmful need to regularly have something (such as a drug) or do something (such as gamble), 2. An unusually great interest in something or a need to do or have something (Addiction). Addiction can cause a person to sabotage their lives in order to get their next fix, whether that be scoring another gram of coke or a double with cheese, a large fry, and a large soda. Addicts are stuck in a constant cycle of getting cravings, going through with their ritual, using, experiencing guilt, and being emotionally triggered, thus bringing them back to the beginning. Now, most people when they hear the word “addiction”, the first thing that comes to their mind is drugs. However, if a vast majority of individuals
Sally Satel, author of “Addiction Doesn’t Discriminate? Wrong,” leads us down a harrowing path of the causes and effects that lead people to addiction. It can be a choice, possibly subconscious, or a condition that leads a person left fighting a lifelong battle they did not intend to sign up for. Mental and emotional health/conditions, personality traits, attitudes, values, behaviors, choices, and perceived rewards are just a few of the supposed causes of becoming an addict.
Capuzzi, D., & Stauffer, M. D. (2012). History and Etiology Models of Addiction. In D. Capuzzi, Foundations of Addictions Counseling (pp. 13-24). Upper Saddle River, New Jersey: Pearson Education, Inc. Retrieved April 26, 2014
Addiction is an extremely complex, moreover, controversial issue that has affected the many lives of individuals for ages. Addiction is comprised of biological, physiological, psychological, and social components that articulate behavior related to addictive behavior. Although, there are some that will not acknowledge their repetitive behavior as addictive, they
The fact that addiction is a brain disorder is a new detail that I learnt from the HBO video. As pointed out by Dr. Volkow, addiction as a brain disease renders the addicts unable to control themselves in relation to curbing their addiction problem. In conceptualizing addiction as a brain disease, Volkow illustrates this standpoint with the fact that the brain has a “natural reward system” that facilitates the learning of “behaviors that are necessary for survival” (NIDA 2006). Learning that the abused drugs take over this system – the dopamine system of the brain - was pivotal in finally grasping the rationale behind referring to addiction as a brain disorder. The brain with time becomes dependent on the abused drugs. This arises from the fact that natural rewards no longer have the capability to produce “normal levels of dopamine or pleasure” (NIDA 2006). As time goes on, the continued intake of drugs subsequently makes the addict lose all control over their use and dependen...
The multi-causal model of drug abuse takes into account social and individual causes of addiction, both distant and immediate, that lead to a disposition to using drugs, drug use and the social and individual consequences. Why a person becomes addicted to drugs or alcohol is different for everyone. Some are genetically predisposed, some learn it from their environment (i.e. family or friends), and still others use it to avoid a trauma they have experienced. The case history describes a client that had both social and individual causes for her alcohol use and subsequent dependence.
The article ‘The Likely Cause of Addiction Has Been Discovered, and It Is Not What You Think’ by Johann Hari shares an interesting perspective on the matter of addiction to drugs. It seeks to change the view that we have always had on addiction by fronting a different theory based on the findings of the author. The essay begins with a brief introduction of the timeline when drugs were banned, the war on drugs and how information on addiction has been unveiled to us. According to the author, addiction is an ethical shortcoming that is brought about by extreme decadent behavior that is almost a fixation that affects a captured mind. Several experiments are shared and the results that turn out in a bid to try and demystify what the author perceives as wrong views on addiction. As it appears, addicted people have a profound need to bond and shape associations. It's the means by which they get their fulfillment. If we cannot associate with each other, we will interface with anything we come across. From the findings and suggestions in the article, there is a huge surge of optimism that
There are many assumptions of why an individual may use different substances and perhaps go from a “social” user to becoming addicted. Understanding the different theories models of addiction many help in the process of treatment for the addict. Although people in general vary in their own ideologies of addiction when working as a clinician one must set aside their own person beliefs. Typically as a clinician it is best for the client to define how they view their addiction and their view may encompass more than one of the five theories. Some theories suggest genetic and other biological factors whiles others emphasize personality or social factors. In this study three theories are defined and given to three different people with different cultural backgrounds, different ideologies, different experiences, and most importantly different reference point of addiction.
The biopsychosocial model of addiction theorizes that crossing biological, psychological and social and systemic properties are essential features of health and
So, it is clear that addiction is all around us and can attack anyone of us at any given time. Even studies conducted show that people neglect to speak around their dependency for two primary reasons. Foremost, because people do not comprehend, or they bear a total misconception to their addiction, that they do not realize that addictions can be critical to their overall wellness. Moreover, second, many people believe being an addict will never happen to them, but, in reality, most addictions start off as simple little habits. Such as starting with one drink after dinner and before you know it you are drinking several drinks a day. However, one does not opt to be addicted to a substance, because addictions are physical defects in the brain, a disease, and not one’s choice.