THE PRESIDENTIAL SYSTEM
The Presidential system is characterized by a republican system of government where a head of government is also head of state and leads an executive branch that is separate from the legislative branch. Numerous presidential organizations exist in the world today, each with their own variations of the system, but the majority have fixed terms for their presidents and unipersonal executive branches. While France is at times considered a semi-presidential system, whereas the United States has a fully presidential system, it does fit these criteria. Both governments were shaped largely by their participation in WWII, and the presidents/presidents to be, that led them through the conflict. France, however, was formed by
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The French constitution clearly outlines the duties of the French president, the American Constitution does not. The American Constitution is vague, minimalist, meant to be flexible but can become bothersome by lacking specification. It is also much older than the current French Constitution, which had all previous versions of it to use as examples, and did not require as much vagueness for the sake of flexibility. The current French Constitution is a culmination of Charles de Gaulle’s ideologies, previous Republics, and constitutions of Napoleon. Unlike its predecessors, its much more specific and effective, as its eliminated the issues with the previous drafts. It surrounds, for the most part, the role of the president, and the people. It determines that the president chosen by popular election, and ratifications to the constitution by referendum. From the beginning it illustrates a much more politically interactive system by giving the president and his people a clear relationship (Safran, …show more content…
France has the Equal Opportunities and Anti-Discrimination Commission, but quotas for minority or victimized groups are not permitted as to prevent special treatment of any citizens (CITATION). This attempt at widespread equality has backfired with restrictive immigration laws and secularization laws, most notably the ban on hijabs and turbans. These secularizations aimed to undermine religious or cultural stereotypes but have been highly criticized for only encouraging this (Smith, 2004). Positive Discrimination or affirmative action laws are not present in the French nation, whereas they are widespread in the USA (CITATION). While controversial, confronting symptoms of a larger problem rather than the illness, affirmative action is an attempt to alleviate the discrimination committed against specific groups. Presence of affirmative action is certainly more effective than a lack of
3.The term Affirmative action has played a huge role in the past one hundred years of American politics. It is simply defined as an action or policy favoring those who tend to suffer. Civil Rights of American citizens have drastically changed because of Affirmative action. With almost anything in politics, there is a debate for and against Affirmative action. Supporters of this say that this helps encourage e...
The Affirmative Action Law was formed as a solution to the long history of animosity towards minorities, and to eradicate the segregation between minorities and majorities. The program certainly aided many of disadvantage people living in the United States. The Affirmative Action encouraged many individuals, particularly, women, and group of people that belongs to different ethnic groups to have hopes and dreams due to the fair chance that were being given by the program. However, even though the Affirmative Action Law’s aim is to provide equal human rights for all the citizens of the United States, there will always be a group of people who will oppose, because each individuals’ have different notion and needs.
All people have power, some people are just more powerful than others. Having power is the ability to create change. Examples of power being used wrongly is during the French revolution, and the residential school crisis. During the French revolution, two examples were shown of people abusing their power. King Louie XVI raised taxes so that he could buy things that he and his wife Marie Antoinette wanted, and took away rights from the third estate. In the residential schools crisis, the teachers, priests and nuns had power over the students and abused the students in different ways. Superior people take away the rights from those who are below them, but they end up corrupt.
The French and American Revolutions were derived amongst similar motivations to better their governments. However, they differ on other levels based on their actions and outcomes. The American and French revolutions both wanted its citizens to be viewed as equals, just as well as allow them to have some natural rights. Sovereignty however is, viewed differently by the two parties. The core reason for each revolution differs, but they both have the same ending results of a declarations document. Both documents are composed based off enlightenment thinkers John Locke’s Second Treatise of Government and Jean Jacques Rousseau’s Social Contract. The Declaration of Independence was mostly Locke’s theory. While the Declaration of the Rights of Man favored both theories.
Affirmative action is a label for a large range of programs, but all of these methods began for one reason: as a way to fight racism. There were voluntary efforts and mandatory laws enacted in order to accomplish this feat (Wu par 6). It was begun under President Johnson with the Civil Rights Act of 1964 and was followed by his Executive Order 11246, both of which emphasized the fair treatment and employment of minorities. Two years later, women were added to the list. Today affirmative action benefits women, racial and ethnic groups, and the physically, mentally or emotionally disabled to the detriment of white males (“affirmative action” par 1). Due to affirmative action’s efforts, doors have been opened allowing for the equalizing of opportunity in the United States, seen in the types of people working in places such as police and fire departments, as w...
These two revolutions occurred relatively at same period, but were almost complete mirror reflections of one another. The patriots of the revolution in America did not really even wanted a revolution, but had no choice, which made it peaceful aside from the war. The revolutionists in France seemed almost bloodthirsty and were very quick to kill someone for any injustice. The groups of revolutionists were too radical in that they were not willing to compromise. Compromise makes the difference between a peaceful state and a reign of terror.
The Constitution is one of the most significant file and certificate in the United States, the constitution of United States of America was created by Thomas Jefferson and James Madison in the state of Philadelphia and in the year of 1787. The Constitution changed the life of people; furthermore, when the constitution was created, it provided different types of freedom for different people. The constitution of United States includes about twenty seven amendments, which the ten first amendments are most important, because they relate to basic freedom and equality of people. According to http://www.law.cornell.edu/constitution/preamble; The preamble of constitution of United States says that “We the People of the United States, in Order to form a more perfect Union, establish Justice, insure domestic Tranquility, provide for the common defense, promote the general Welfare, and secure the Blessings of Liberty to ourselves and our Posterity, do ordain and establish this Constitution for the United States of America” The constitution task is to try to defend and protect the people of United States; furthermore, it concludes different ages of people not a particular type of people. Actually, people of United States are free people intrusive Federal government doesn’t interfere in their life. The persons who wrote the constitution, tried to make a nation that a particular person doesn’t control all the affairs of the country; in addition, the European countries were absolutely monarchy which cause the people not decide and control everything. The United States doesn’t have queens or kings and no one is above the law. The United Stat...
They started out similarly, but they ended very differently. The American Revolution ended in a newly formed independent government. The French revolution overthrew their government and killed their king. The French Revolution resulted in dictatorship that lasted for years.
Sabbagh, Daniel. "The Rise Of Indirect Affirmative Action: Converging Strategies For Promoting “Diversity” In Selective Institutions Of Higher Education In The United States And France." World Politics 63.3 (2011): 470-508. Academic Search Premier. Web. 1 May 2014.
By contrast, a President is elected directly by the people and presidential elections are often divisive, creating bad blood between parties. It is not uncommon for the President to adapt his/her policy agenda to meet their personal time frame. Additionally, removing a President from office requires a lengthy process. A successor will likely have political legitimacy and may have their own agenda causing further discontinuity.
The way that a country is controlled by the government depends on the relationship between the legislative and executive authority. Most democratic nations, today, generally use one of two governmental systems, either a parliamentary system or a presidential system. Today most of Europe prefers to use a parliamentary system, whereas the presidential form of government is preferred in places such as South Korea, South America and the United States. The differences between these two governmental systems are not obvious at first, but there are some key differences. However, neither one of them is necessarily superior to the other.
The Main Features of Government and Society Under the Ancient Regime in France before 1789
Every country differs in their preference of political system to govern their countries. For democratic countries, two possible choices of governing are the presidential system and the parliamentary system. Since both the presidential and the parliamentary systems have their own strengths and weaknesses, many scholars have examined these two forms of government, and debate on which political system is more successful in governance. In this paper, I will first provide a detailed analysis of both the parliamentary and the presidential system. I will also evaluate each system’s strengths and weaknesses, addressing any differences as well as any commonalities. Finally, I will conclude by using historical examples to analyze and support the presidential system, which would be a more desirable system for a democratic government.
It also stated that thew citizens of a country should have power in how the government was run. These ideas created a burning desire for change in the hearts of the French commoners. They were inspired by success of the American Revolutions and wanted the same basic rights that the Americans had received. These rights included equality and liberty. The French wanted to get rid of royalty and create a government where the power came from the consent of the
One example is the conflict over the Niqab in France. Since April 2011, it has been illegal to wear a veil which obscures the face such as a Niqab or Burqa. This is a clear case of the clash between multiculturalism and feminism. While some describe the wearing of the face covering veils such as the Burqa or Niqab as sexist and feel that it oppresses women, as expressed by French President when he said that banning the face veil “is a question of freedom and of women’s dignity” (Shirbon, 2009). French feminists such as Sihem Habchi have argued that Muslim women have a “right to protection by the republic” (Spohn, 2013). This clearly illustrates the key ideas within the multiculturalism vs feminism debate, that women’s individual rights and liberty are more important than the cultural rights of a group. However other groups feel that the wearing of the face veils is a personal choice, and that it is in fact anti-feminist to attempt to restrict women from making that choice. Those who oppose the ban are not ignorant of the potential of face veiling to be an oppressive and patriarchal practice, however in their view, this is characteristic of many types of clothing, from all cultures including the west, and to ban only the Niqab is highly discriminatory (Spohn, 2013). In their opinion, it is more important to help educate these women in all their options, and allow them the true freedom to make a completely rational