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Urbanization of china
Effects of rural-urban migration in rural areas
Urbanisation problems in China
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Recently, urbanization has become the leitmotif of the Chinese policymakers. Thus, during the meeting between Li Keqiang, Chinese Prime Minister, and Jim Yong Kim, Governor of the World Bank in November 2012, Li Keqiang said that urbanization "represents the greatest potential for growth in the coming years".
For the current Chinese rural residents who eventually become urban residents, this urbanization allows them to get jobs and also increase their salaries as dynamic cities offered a lot of opportunities, especially in construction (Lecture 9). By transferring labor from the countryside to the cities, urbanization will reduce income inequality between rural and urban areas, while supporting economic growth.
For the current Chinese rural residents who remain in the rural area, migrant workers from the countryside to the cities help them thanks to money transfers. Indeed, these migrant workers usually have a very high saving rate and thus transfer money to countryside. Therefore, it contributes to the growth of consumption in rural areas and also increase rural residents’ standard of living.
Finally, for the Chinese economy as a whole, urbanization is considered by Chinese leaders as a way to solve many problems of the Chinese economy. Indeed, urbanization will increase aggregate consumption as urban households tend to have higher wages and thus spend more in private consumption. As a consequence, it will lower Chinese dependence from external demand and then rebalance Chinese economy thanks to a more dynamic internal demand. Urbanization will also reduce the inequalities between rural and urban areas, stimulate non-agricultural sectors (especially service sector) as it is considered as the future deposits for growth and employm...
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...d Philippines, Malaysia might maintain its technological lead over China thanks to investment in R&D. But it has to do it quickly as China is moving up very fast. Third, Malaysia may diversify into the service sectors as China still remains oriented on industry sectors.
Regarding this third measure, there are some evidences that Malaysia is already on the way. Indeed, in Malaysia, 20% of banking assets are Sharia-compliant whereas in all Muslim countries, the average is below 12%. Thus, Malaysia is going to be a global Islamic-Finance center. Malaysia is also dominant in global Sukut issuance with $80.5bn out of $109.1bn from January to September 2012. There are also evidences regarding healthcare tourism in Malaysia. As doctors there have often been trained in Western countries, they attract western people to get for example expensive surgery such as heart surgery.
While cities have grown more prosperous due to the economy, China’s rural areas have seen little growth. Many Chinese have migrated from their rural homes to cities in order to gain better prospect for a job so they can take care of their families. Some even migrate to foreign countries for better economic prospects. It is estimated that the internal Chinese migrant population within China is around 145 million people. Wom...
World War 2 drew a hard blow and left a serious and lasting effect to many Asian countries. This however, did not hamper the growth of countries such as China, Japan and Vietnam as their governments were taking serious steps to recover economically. Thus, the global market cannot deny a place for these 'Asian Dragons', because these countries are growing at a tremendous pace to the extent of being capable in emerging as global market leaders.
Lewis assumed the urban wage would have to be at least 30 percent higher than the average rural income in order to induce people to migrate from their home areas into the city. The model thus assumed that rural-to-urban migration was an essential part of the development process, and was, therefore, a good thing.
While China has been successful in the last few decades and has essentially made itself an economic super power using whatever means necessary, it is time for them to take a look at the rest of their future. China cannot sustain their growth using the same old methods. They must now look to address the needs of their people by introducing a more democratic society, a market that acts freely via supply and demand and actions that show responsibility for the entire world. The United States has a strong role to play in China’s future and it must do so to protect its own agendas and its status as a super power.
Travel and tourism is the largest industry as it a billion dollar industry. Malaysia currently acquired their biggest achievement of securing 25.7 million tourist arrivals last year which will contribute the millions of ringgit to the economy impact.
Recent years have witnessed a large number of Indian English fiction writers who have stunned the literary world with their works. The topics dealt with are contemporary and populist and the English is functional, communicative and unpretentious. Novels have always served as a guide, a beacon in a conflicting, chaotic world and continue to do so. A careful study of Indian English fiction writers show that there are two kinds of writers who contribute to the genre of novels: The first group of writers include those who are global Indians, the diasporic writers, who are Indians by birth but have lived abroad, so they see Indian problems and reality objectively. The second group of writers are those born and brought up in India, exposed to the attitudes, morale and values of the society. Hence their works focus on the various social problems of India like the plight of women, unemployment, poverty, class discrimination, social dogmas, rigid religious norms, inter caste marriages, breakdown of relationships etc.
Urbanization (or urbanisation) is the increasing number of people that live in urban areas. Urbanization has been the result of economic growth for most countries. In fact, every developed nation in the world has gone through urbanization and this is no news to Chinese leaders. To turn the nation of China from being a developing nation to a developed nation, China encouraged the migration of citizens from the countryside to move to large cities and fuel the industrializing nation. Though urbanization has been a process many countries have gone through, China’s urbanization plans are very distinct compared to western examples. The main reason for China’s urbanization distinctions is its sheer magnitude and pace. In this paper, we will review this mass migration, the economic growth, China’s environmental concerns (specifically air pollution) due the urbanization and the focus on industrialization, and we will briefly see China’s newest seven year urbanization plan.
One of Malaysia’s more significant non-market environments that may have an impact on company’s performance is the country’s predominant religion of Muslim - 60% of the total population - followed by Buddhist (19.2%) .
This model reflects the current position of China 's development showing that it in fact is a credible model of development. This model splits the economy into a low productivity rural section and a high productivity industrial sector. This model focuses more on the distribution of resources, peoples life chances, and why development is expected to be different in certain places. This model allows people to understand that even within one country, development is not equal for all. This model shows the inequalities in development, where there are still people who depend on agriculture for their livelihood, while the industrial sector expands and grows offering up jobs and a great chance for economic growth. Here it is seen that development does not help out those in the agricultural sector but as seen in present day, the Chinese manufacturing sector has successfully grown into a contending player in international trade (Welker, 2012). Therefore Rostow should not limit his model by making everything equal for all, as it is seen that countries develop unevenly, with aspects of ideologies such as socialism, or they skip stages all together making his model seem less
China's development is praised by the whole world. Its developments are not only in the economic aspect, but as well in its foreign affairs. Compared with other developed countries, China is a relatively young country. It began constructing itself in 1949. After 30 years of growth, company ownership had experienced unprecedented changes. Entirely, non-state-owned companies can now be more involved in sectors that used to be monopolized by state-owned companies.
In this section, he explained that urbanization happened in two stages. First stage cities were confined and limited to the valleys and food plains, like the Nile, the Fertile Crescent, the Indus and Hwang Ho. The second stage is the urban dominance, where cities are in full expansion, performance and influence. He concluded that population growth and technical improvement are factors of this change.
Malaysia biggest problem is the environmental pollution. Although people already know how harmful these things are but they still go on. The three main pollution that happen in Malaysia are air pollution, water pollution and land pollution. Mostly pollution effect by the air conditional that release CFC’s gasses, rubbish that been thrown to the rival and open burning. All of this pollution will be link to all kind of diseases, sickness, bacteria and virus. For an example lung cancer that will happen to people cause by breathing the polluted air that been create by Malaysian themselves.
...population distribution designed to reduce the rate of rural-urban migration appears to have had limited success in many developing countries. Policies must be directed at altering the rural economy in order to slow the rate of urban sprawl. Broad land use planning and changing of planning standards and governmental procedures would go a long way to reduce many of the problems that face urban populations in the developing areas, especially Africa. Urbanization can cause a lot of problems for a city or even a country. It can cause cities to become overpopulated which are known as mega-cites, and cause problems with living arrangements and finding a job. Urbanization can also cause health problems. Urbanization is supposed to be good for developing countries on the rise but with this rapid growth in Africa, these problems can become a major concern in the future.
In rural areas, often on small family farms, it is difficult to improve one's standard of living beyond basic necessities. Farm living is dependent on unpredictable environmental conditions, and in times of drought, flood or pestilence, survival becomes extremely problematic. Cities, in contrast, are known to be places where money, services and wealth are centralized. Cities are where fortunes are made and where social mobility is possible.
We all know the urbanization rate is an index to value the development of a country. However, though urbanization provides great convenience to some individuals, it also brings about negative effects. Problems such as pollution, overcrowded and the high unemployment appear during the process of urbanization and they are hard to cope with. In face of the sequence of problems, a new way of development ----sustainable development was put forward. Just like its literal meaning, the word sustainability has something to do with continuity. It was used since 1980s and first appeared in Britain law in 1993. Sustainable development can help solve parts of the problem caused by urbanization, including environmental damage, overuse of resources, and natural disasters.