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essay on chinese economy
impact of communist revolution in china
chinese economic reform deng xiaoping
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After Mao Zedong’s failed Cultural Revolution, the country was in a state of disarray. Political isolation had caused the economy to falter, while citizens struggled everyday to adhere to communist ideals. Collectivization and municipalization ran the nation, meaning the government had total control over the country which left citizens without a chance of earning their own money or providing for themselves. In turn, the quality of life in China decreased and riots began to break out. Deng Xiaoping was the leader that succeeded Mao after his death in 1976, and his reforms helped turn around the country’s economic and social situation. Careful strategic moves made by Deng allowed other countries to invest in China’s economy and the government gave people more control over their land and education. He also reduced the power of the government, moving away from Communism and towards democracy. Deng Xiaoping had a positive influence on China because he opened China up to the global markets and increased the quality of life for millions of people.
Mao Zedong left China in a deep recession, but Deng Xiaoping was able to lift China out of it by creating special economic zones and removing
China is often referred to as an emerging superpower because of its booming economy, which was carefully developed by Deng. China became self sufficient in the 80s, and continues to produce a majority of manufactured goods, which occurred because of Deng’s idea to put an end to collectivization. The middle class is steadily growing and millions of Chinese people thrive outside of their home country because Deng emphasized higher education. The Chinese leader found the issues in Mao’s government and fixed them, all while maintaining the ideals of his country and communism. Without the guidance of Deng Xiaoping after Mao’s reign, the country with a population of 1.3 billion may not have found the level of prosperity it enjoys
Following the Chinese Revolution of 1949, China’s economy was in ruin. The new leader, Mao Zedong, was responsible for pulling the economy out of the economic depression. The problems he faced included the low gross domestic product, high inflation, high unemployment, and high prices on goods. In order to solve these issues, Mao sought to follow a more Marxist model, similar to that of the Soviet Union. This was to use government intervention to develop industry in China. In Jan Wong’s Red China Blues, discusses Maoism and how Mao’s policies changed China’s economy for the worse. While some of Mao’s early domestic policies had some positive effects on China’s economy, many of his later policies caused China’s economy to regress.
After millions of years under imperial rule in China, nationalist rebellions made the government unstable eventually making way for communist ideas. For over twenty years the nationalist struggled to keep democratic power in the country. The Xinhai revolution was a civil war between the nationalists and the communists. The Communists were led by Mao Zedong and they emerged victoriously. In September 1949, two good things happened. It was the celebration of the communist victory and the unveiling of the communist regime that would subsequently rule over China. Mao and his communist supporters had been fighting against a corrupt and abandoned Nationalist government in China. Mao denounced that those who opposed the communist government are imperialistic and domestic reactionaries. Mao also declared that communi...
The goals of Deng Xiaoping’s economic reform were the ‘Four Modernizations’. This Four Modernization refers to the reform of agriculture, industry, national defense, and science technology. These reforms were to solve the problems of motivating workers and farmers to produce a larger surplus and to eliminate economic imbalances that were common in command economies.
Before the Cultural Revolution, Mao had implemented the Great Leap Forward 1958 in the People’s Republic of China. The Great Leap Forward caused a famine with an estimated death count of 20 to 30 million (Fairbank 296). Mao had retired in 1959, and his successor, Liu Shaoqi, was a moderate President who reversed the effects of the Great Leap Forward (Esmein 34). Mao felt threatened by Liu’s success where he had failed.
In the minds of Chinese people, Deng Xiaoping is considered as one of the most powerful leader of the People’s Republic of China from late 1970’s until he died in 1997. His noteworthy efforts to bring back China’s prosperity following the consequences of the Cultural Revolution resulted in the country’s economic, cultural and social expansion. The outcome of his passion and belief in the potential of China is still noticeable today.
The primary political goal was to change ideologies of the people from imperialism to communism through techniques such as thought reforms and re-education campaigns that urged people to believe in Mao’s vision of China and socialist ways of thinking, working and living by dedicating themselves to ‘serve the people’ instead of their own self-interest. From 1949, Mao established a communist political system influenced by Marxism, which was altered slightly over the years but still remaining the kind of system he wanted. However, changes made by leaders such as Deng Xiaoping after The Great Leap Forward introduced new right-wing capitalist policies, such as the encouragement of private markets, which would allow the Chinese economy to recover from The Great Leap Forward. These measures were sustained as the policies proved to increase productivity and growth. This threatened Mao’s views of the kind of socialist society he aimed to create and so he and the Communist Part of China (CCP) launched the 1966 Cultural Revolution to bring China back to its ‘pure’ socialist system. From this, it can be seen that Mao’s political goals of the 1949 Communist Revolution were achieved to some extent as a communist system was established. His goal, however, was not achieved to a full extent as changes made by Deng Xiaoping in 1966, changed his creation of a ‘pure’ communist system into a socialist system economically powered by
...) and bring China under uniform thought as well. Thus, in his attempt to accomplish his goals he placed less emphasis on freedom and more on developing a sturdy political backbone. Deng, on the other hand, wanted to thrust China in the global community for economic fortune at the expense of everything Mao had established. In the process, he brought a freedom and wave of democracy to the People's Republic, endowing the Chinese citizens with dreams of wealth and prosperity that were never even considered in the time of Mao. As China, progresses further into the twenty first century, its role seems quite unclear. A return to Post-revolutionary authoritarian communism seems unlikely, as does the institution of a true democracy but perhaps a new form of stability will arise to grant greater liberty to individuals or possibly even another Tiannenmen lurking in the future.
Deng Xiaoping was a force for evil and that he was responsible for taking away
Mao changed China into a totalitarian government by using fear and his cult of personality. Mao used fear by getting rid of anybody who went against the communist believes or people who stood as a threat to him. The fear made people listen to him which as a result made it easier for Mao to control the people of China. Mao used his cult of personality to make people worship him and everything he does. A way this worked was with the little red book in China. Everybody had them and everybody loved their little red book. You might say what was in this book that made people love it so much. Inside of this little book was the sayings of Mao Zedong who they called Chairman Mao. You were expected to be able to quote this book word for word if someone stopped you. If you were unable to quote it you would be sent to be reeducated. This little red book made everybody worship Mao like a godly figure. Mao loved this because while everybody worshiped him he could take away their basic human rights one by one and nobody would notice because Chairman Mao could do nothing wrong in their eyes. The political changes he made may have been positive for him, but they were negative for the people of China because they had no more basic human
To begin, Mao was mostly responsible in terms of establishing a strong foundation in his soldiers, setting aside internal conflict to first deal with the matter of saving China, and considering the rights of those with lesser status. However, irresponsibility was shown through the effects of the Great Leap Forward and the following famine as well as the Cultural Revolution. In Jinggang of 1927, Mao united five rural villages as a self-governing Communist state and attempted to bring them into order. Additionally he changed the military tactics so that the soldiers would stand a better chance against the enemy . Mao rose to the occasion, took charge of the administration as a leader, and essentially pledged himself into giving the area a higher possibility of survival. Also in Jinggang Shan, Mao also took to issues regarding the women and their personal privileges. At the end o...
Which in order to accelerate his plan he had to turn China into a modern sized industrialized state. Because of this Mao decided to launch what was known as the "Great Leap Forward". “Which began the mass mobilization of the people into collectives and many communities were assigned production of a single “commodity steel”” (Keynes 46). He wanted to increase agriculture by this and only made it worse with bad weather, chaos, and exports of food necessary to secure hard currency (Keynes 32). This resulted in the Great Chinese Famine which made food short and production fell dramatically. This caused the deaths of millions which didn 't make Mao so popular and some began to hate him as a ruler. In 1959, Mao resigned as the State Chairman and this was continued by Liu Shaoqi (Keynes
From 1977 to his death in 1994, China was under the influence of Deng Xiaoping’s rule. Deng Xiaoping was the mind behind most of the economic and social changes. Hua Guofeng took power right after Mao’s death in 1976. However, he was removed for being too soft on student revolts in 1987. Some of the changes were big changes to the economy, which also changed the government from a socialist type to a Bureaucratic government to a what government?. Under Mao, the country was strictly communist, and everything was controlled by the state. These implemented changes in the system of the economy and the that impacted the changes in everyday life in modern day China. Deng Xiaoping’s reforms were a detrimental economic impact for both China and the
Modern China began with the Qing dynasty in 1644. Many of the Qing’s early years could be described as golden because of the peace and stability during the time period. This changed when China hit some internal and external problems, beginning with the Opium crisis and the Opium Wars of 1839, and ending when Sun Yat Sen and the Nationalist Party took over in 1912. The Nationalist party lasted until 1949 when General Mao Zedong and the CCP took control of China, Mao created a new way to govern China by focusing on the young people and peasants for his main power source. However, Mao used traditional Chinese values by trying to make the perfect citizen, similar to confusion values.
Its phenomenal success is because it developed some suitable public policies, which were the perfect fit for the situation in China. In the last few years, China has had a remarkable economic development and has come to play an increasingly significant role in our world economy.
Mao resigned as president of the Peoples Republic of China (PRC) in April 1959 , after the Great Leap Forward, planning for Chinese production to “overtake Britain in 15 years”, failed and caused a widespread famine in China, where 20-30 million people starved. President Liu and General Secretary Deng began to restore China , while Mao remained ceremonial head of the Chinese Communist Party (CCP). Liu and Deng introduced many liberal and effective policies , which involved stepping back from communist ideals. Collectivisation and communal cafeterias were abandoned and peasants recommenced private, “capitalist” farming. They even rehabi...